Beyond Meat Inc (NASDAQ:BYND) Q4 2022 Earnings Call dated Feb. 23, 2023.
Corporate Participants:
Teri Witteman — Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Analysts:
Ken Goldman — JPMorgan — Analyst
Peter Galbo — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
Robert Moskow — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Jon Anderson — William Blair — Analyst
Adam Samuelson — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to the Beyond Meat 2022 Fourth Quarter Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please also note, today’s event is being recorded.
At this time, I’d like to turn the conference call over to Teri Witteman- Chief Legal Officer and Secretary. Please go ahead.
Teri Witteman — Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary
Thank you. Good afternoon and welcome. Joining me on today’s call are Ethan Brown, Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Lubi Kutua, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Bynow, everyone should have access to the company’s fourth-quarter and full-year 2022 earnings press release filed today after the market close. This document is available in the Investor Relations section of Beyond Meat’s website at www.beyondmeat.com.
Before we begin, please note that all the information presented on today’s call is unaudited and during the course of this call, management may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements are based on management’s current expectations and belief and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in the earnings release that we issued today, along with the comments on this call are made only as of today, and will not be updated as actual events unfold. We refer you to today’s press release, the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 1, 2022, and the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, to be filed with the SEC and other filings with the SEC for a detailed discussion of the risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements made today.
Please also note that on today’s call, management may make reference to adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. While we believe this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information for investors. Any reference to this information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Please refer to today’s press release for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to its most comparable GAAP measure.
And with that, I would like to now turn the call over to Ethan Brown.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Teri, and good afternoon, everyone. The fourth quarter of 2022 ends a challenging year for our business and category, one marked by persistently high inflation and trading down by consumers among proteins, slowing economy in key markets and increased competitive activity. Against this backdrop, we took decisive actions to set our business on a course to achieve cash-flow positive operations in the second half of 2023, a target that we stand behind today. In order to accomplish this important milestone, as I shared in our last quarterly call, we are transitioning our business from an operating model that prioritize growth above all to one that prioritizes cash flow and sustainable long-term growth. And we are executing well against this goal. While there is still much meaningful work to do, we are pleased to report net revenues toward the high-end of our guidance range, along with 14 percentage points of sequential gross margin improvement in the fourth quarter. And over $12 million of opex reduction versus the third-quarter.
We are achieving these early wins as we focus on the three pillars of our full force pivot. As a reminder, these are as follows. First, the implementation of lean value streams across our beef, pork and poultry platforms with a laser focus on margin expansion and opex reduction. Second, the emphasis on cash flow accretive inventory management with a near-term focus on profit dollars versus maximizing percent margin. And third, a focus on opportunities to support near-term growth and consumer trial and adoption, particularly in our core SKUs appropriately balanced against streamline activities in support of our most valuable long-term opportunities.
In my comments today, I will share more detail on our progress with respect to each of these pillars. I will then turn to the broader moment facing plant-based meat. And our focus on taste, health and planet as we drive product innovation and connect with consumers on the very real benefits of our plant-based meats. Before diving in, let me pause here to bring back into focus the magnitude of what we are pursuing. We believe the transition to plant-based meat is an important part of our global response to a rapidly deteriorating climate. We believe it is as vast and sweeping an opportunity, as any that presents itself as we seek to course correct and stabilize our global climate. And as the history of innovation and disruption teaches us, we can expect that the recent bin surrounding our sector will reach crescendo forced coming to more recent reflection and expanding acceptance as our branded category achieves taste, health, and price milestones along the path to mainstream adoption.
To move through this cycle hub, as aforementioned, we pivoted from growth above all, what we believe is a sustainable long-term growth model and nowhere is this transition more evident than in the centerpiece of our first pillar, the establishment of lean value stream management of our beef, pork and poultry platforms. Anyone who has implemented lean transformation knows fundamental transition does not occur overnight. We are no exception. However, we have confidence that the effort properly done will over time generate outsized gains. We are demonstrating clear and meaningful early progress.
Beginning with margin expansion, we were encouraged by the 14% improvement, which reflects among other actions, our efforts to rightsize our production networks, in-source a greater share of our production volumes and efficiently manage production staffing levels during a period of subdued volumes. We restructured certain agreements and successfully reduced our North American external manufacturing footprint from a peak of eight co-manufacturers in 2022, down to three today. This difficult but much-needed work to consolidate our network substantially reduces or eliminates altogether, our exposure to certain underutilization or idle time penalties. Allowing us to avoid an estimated $8 million of potential fees in 2023. We plan to continue this optimization work with our co-manufacturing networks as well as in-sourcing more of our volume as we progress.
Also in supportive margin restoration, we are restructuring certain operating activities related to Beyond Meat Jerky intended to drive further gains in the margin profile of this product line. Though, we can’t get into specifics today, we look-forward to providing further information around these efforts in the near-future.
Turning now to operating expenses, we were pleased that in 2022, we reduced our opex from $97.8 million in Q1 to $62.8 million in Q4, a 36% decrease that put operating expense below our mid-60s target that we provided during the Q3 earnings call. On a sequential basis, we reduced opex by point $12.1 million or approximately 16%, reflecting early delivery against the $39 million in annualized cost-savings, we communicated in October. In the near-term, we think Q4 is generally representative of our expected level of spending on a quarterly basis. However, over the long-term, beyond 2023, we expect to pursue further efficiencies through our Lean programs generally, greater investments in automation and business process optimization, tighter transportation management and sourced to procure processes, among others.
Importantly, these investments are either already underway or in late stages of evaluation. Additionally, as we exit 2023, we expect to benefit operationally from the ongoing consolidation of our real-estate footprint here in the Los Angeles area, as we transition all of our LA-based employees to our new headquarters facilities and begin to exit some of our other existing leases. We believe this fast pace innovation, specifically the Beyond Meat rapid and relentless innovation program is not well-served by the dispersed workforce that characterize COVID in nd much of the last several years. As we bring more of the employees into our new headquarters and inforce our operating model in which remote work is the exception, and not the norm. We expect to benefit from the immensely valuable energy and productivity that come from sustained focused in-person collaboration and problem solving.
Moving now to our second pillar, aggressive management and reduction of our inventory. We can report that we reduced our inventory balance by $48 million or 17% from Q1 to Q4, allowing us to deliver on our 2022 objective of having inventory be a net generator of cash for the year. We intend to accelerate this momentum in 2023. Again, we are relying on lean value streams across beef, pork and poultry to increase visibility into and focus on optimal inventory levels and have recently invested in systems that we believe will substantially improve our ability to manage inventories across our global network of manufacturing sites and warehouses.
Big-ticket items include the pace and timing of our commodity protein deliveries, resetting our WIP in finished goods stock levels to better align with our anticipated production volumes and demand levels and exploring alternative avenues for inventory items with greater than required current stock levels among others. Increasing sales velocity, especially on our core items is of course the most effective and cash flow accretive way to work down our inventory levels. In this regard, as we shared on our last call, we have designed certain time-bound trials and pricing programs to drive stronger velocities and we are encouraged by early results.
Specifically, where we have implemented such programs, we’ve been pleased to see not only an acceleration in unit velocity, but importantly, an increase in takeaway dollar growth as well. Success of these pricing tests and programs, reinforce at least two important points about our current and long-term value proposition. First, as I’ve noted previously, it seems reasonable that consumers may retreat from protein that can be 2x the price that’s animal base equivalent during periods of intense inflation and reduced buying power. And that reduction in price, given this dynamic would spur increased consumption. Second, success of these time limited pricing tests points centrality of our cost down initiative. And our goal of putting in-place unit economics that support price parity with animal protein over time.
I’ll now move to our third pillar that is specific actions to encourage near-term growth even as we remain committed to our most valuable long-term opportunities. One, we continue to focus on restoring growth within our core product offerings in the fresh section grocery by working closely with our retailers on target promotions, bringing innovation to our core fresh product set and clear messaging around the taste, health and planetary benefits of going beyond.
Two, we are expanding our brand block in the frozen section, including increasing distribution of our latest award-winning products Beyond Steak as well as bringing new innovation from our poultry platform to this part of the store. Three, turning to General foodservice. We are seeing some early wins in a more narrowly focused set of priority segments and look forward to sharing these with you as the year progresses.
On the subject of strategic partners, we are thrilled to highlight the growing success of the McPlant platform as illustrated by among other developments, the addition of the McPlant Nuggets in Germany as a regular menu item across 1,400 locations nationwide along with McPlant Burger. McPlant Nuggets are the second plant-based protein co-developed by Beyond Meat as part of the McPlant platform and will also be offered as an option in Happy Meals in Germany.
We are also pleased to share that after successful launch of the McPlant Burger in the UK and Ireland last year, Double McPlant was recently introduced across U.K. and Ireland restaurants nationwide for limited time. In Austria the Smoky Barbecue McPlant Burger was recently introduced for a limited time joining the McPlant Burger is now a regular menu item. McPlant Burger continues to be offered for limited time across Portugal. While remaining the regular menu item in the UK, Ireland, Austria and the Netherlands.
Turning to Yum! Our products are regular menu items at Pizza Hut restaurants across Canada, the U.K., Singapore, El Salvador, Guatemala and Sweden. I’d like to now turn focus to the important topic of the health and nutritional profile of our products. The drummed-up misperception that our products are overly processed and utilize complex ingredients coupled with misguided comparison of our products to whole vegetables instead of the animal meats they intended to replace comes at a cost. The cost in my view can be measured in human health.
A return to our five-year research program at the Stanford University School of Medicine, the plant-based diet initiative. You may recall, the program’s first clinical trial published in the prestigious American Journal of Clinical Nutrition assessed a group of healthy adults alternated between an eight-week period consuming animal protein two or more times a day and an eight-week period consuming Beyond Meat products two or more times a day. Now here is the important part to focus on. For the eight-week period when the participants consumed Beyond Meat researchers found statistically and clinically significant drop in LDL-cholesterol what is commonly referred to as bad cholesterol. Researchers further found a decline in TMAO, a compound found in the gut that is associated with heart disease and certain cancers.
We will continue to support such studies without control over design or outcome. As we’ve announced, we have recently expanded our work in this area through a three-year agreement with the American Cancer Society to advance research on plant-based meat and cancer prevention, while expanding the relevant clinical database. One of the most recent and exciting embodiment of our commitment to health is Beyond Steak. I’m very proud of all those who worked so hard to bring Beyond Steak to life. It is a shining example of our brand promise to tirelessly toward a North Star, that not only delights in terms of taste, but also delivers clear nutritional benefits relative to animal protein equivalents.
As I’ve noted this product had the distinct honor of being named Time Magazine’s Best Inventions of 2022, with a headline describing it as quote, the healthier Steak and a cover mentioned highlighting Beyond Steak’s delicious taste. Let’s unpack why the product earned the headline of a healthier Steak. Beyond Steak boost 21 grams of protein and contains only 1 gram of saturated fat and 170 calories per serving, with no cholesterol and no added hormones or antibiotics. This can be contrasted with the serving of a leading brand of animal protein steak strips, but Beyond Steak offering 15% more protein, 62% less saturated fat and 0 cholesterol, compared with 50 milligrams per serving.
Beyond Steak’s clean ingredient deck is also worthy of focus. It is as follows. Water, wheat gluten, faba bean protein, expeller-pressed canola oil, salt, natural flavor, There is then less than 1% of the following. Spice, garlic powder, onion powder, pomegranate concentrate, yeast extract, sunflower lecithin, fruit and vegetable juice color. As with our other products, this dried and muscle structure of the Steak piece itself is accomplished by running plant protein through heating, cooling and pressure. A physical rather than chemical process, which utilizes intellectual property we’ve developed on equipment that in other sectors of the food industry is used to produce such staples as pastas and cereals.
Moving past our process and ingredient deck, before leaving Beyond Steak, I’d like to now turn to the faba bean itself. I will be traveling next week to the Dakotas to meet with some of the farmers who grow the faba beans from which our protein is sourced. As I’ve spoken about many times, I have deeply rooted respect for the American farmer, including those whose family farm center on animal agriculture. I am intimately aware of the entrepreneurial journey they’re on often across generations, the difficulty and financial risk associated with their work and the critically important role they play in our culture and economy.
It is my strong and informed belief that the innovation and shift in protein we are pursuing is broadly an economic win for American agriculture. And in our messaging this year I look forward to taking the consumer back to the farm to learn about how the protein for our plant-based steak has grown, the expanded economic benefits that accrue to the farmer and the attendant sustainability gains for soil, climate and water. There is goodness here and along with our growers we are proud of it.
With that, I’ll turn it over Lubi, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer to walk through our fourth-quarter financial results in greater detail as well as our outlook for 2023.
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Thanks, Ethan. Our fourth quarter results were in line with or ahead of our expectations across the P&L, reflecting the progress our team has demonstrated in executing against our operating plan. We recorded net revenues of $79.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, representing a 21% decrease compared to the fourth quarter of 2021.
For the full year 2022, this translates to net revenue of $419 million towards the high end of the guidance range of $400 million to $425 million that we provided at Q3 earnings. As we have shared on our recent earnings calls, our top-line results primarily continue to reflect soft demand in the plant-based meat category, particularly within our core subcategory of refrigerated.
And as Ethan mentioned, we believe persistently high inflation, a slowing economy, increased competition and trading down behavior by consumers among proteins are all negatively impacting growth for our category and our brand, but we do believe this is transitory. In aggregate, total volumes sold during the fourth quarter of 2022 declined 16.9% compared to the year-ago period, primarily as a result of the macro factors I just described, while net revenue per pound decreased approximately 4.4% year-over-year. The decrease in net revenue per pound was primarily attributable to strategic but limited price reductions in the U.S. and broader list price reductions in the EU, increased trade discounts and unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by changes in sales mix.
Turning to gross profit. Gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2022 was a loss of $2.9 million or minus 3.7% of net revenues as compared to $14.2 million or 14.1% of net revenues in the year-ago period. This result reflected a better-than-expected sequential improvement of just over 14 percentage points versus the prior quarter. On a year-over-year basis, and excluding the impact of Jerky, the decrease in gross margin in the fourth quarter was primarily attributable to increased inventory reserves, reduced net revenue per pound and higher material and logistics cost per pound, partially offset by reduced manufacturing costs per pound, including depreciation.
With respect to Jerky and in addition to the aforementioned factors, we realized the benefit of $3.6 million resulting from actions taken to restructure certain contracts and operating activities related to Beyond Meat Jerky. As Ethan mentioned, we will provide further information around these efforts in the near future.
Turning to opex. Operating expenses for the fourth quarter of 2022 were $62.8 million, down approximately 32% year-over-year and 16% quarter-over-quarter, reflecting our focus on rightsizing our expense base. The year-over-year decrease in operating expenses was primarily driven by lower nonpeople, general and administrative expenses, largely attributable to decreased consulting fees, reduced production trial activities, lower marketing expenses and reduced people expenses, including stock-based compensation. The sequential decrease in operating expenses was primarily driven by reduced marketing expense, lower restructuring costs which consists mainly of legal fees and reduced people expenses, including stock-based compensation.
Moving further down the P&L. Loss from our unconsolidated joint venture increased from $1.8 million in the year-ago period to $8.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, primarily reflecting an increase in inventory reserve at TPP. Overall net loss in the fourth quarter of 2022 was $66.9 million or net loss of $1.05 per common share compared to net loss of $80.4 million in the year-ago period or net loss per common share of $1.27.
Now turning to our balance sheet and cash flow highlights. Our cash and cash equivalents balance, including restricted cash, was $322.5 million and total debt outstanding was approximately $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2022. Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended December 31, 2022, was $51.7 million, a $59 million decrease compared to $110.3 million in net cash used in operating activities in the year-ago period.
Within cash flows from investing activities, capital expenditures totaled $10.5 million in Q4 of 2022 compared to $31.7 million in the year-ago period. Cash flows from investing activities also included $3.3 million related to investments in our joint venture. Let me now provide some commentary about our 2023 outlook. We expect net revenues to be in the range of $375 million to $415 million, representing a decrease of approximately 10% to 1% compared to the full year 2022.
In terms of the distribution of revenues for the year, on a percentage basis compared to their respective year-ago periods, we projected a net sales decline in the mid-teens range in the first half of 2023 and net sales growth in the low double-digit range in the second half of 2023. Gross margin is expected to be in the low double-digit range for the full year 2023, beginning the year slightly positive and increasing sequentially throughout the year.
Total operating expense is expected to be approximately $250 million for the full year 2023, weighted slightly more heavily towards the front half of the year as we expect to invest disproportionately more behind marketing activities in the first half. Finally, capital expenditures are expected to be in the range of $30 million to $35 million for the full year, down from $70.5 million in 2022, and we continue to target the achievement of positive free cash flow defined as cash flow from operations less capital expenditures within the second half of 2023.
As we shared on our last call and as Ethan reiterated earlier, we will also maintain our strong focus on drawing down inventory level as a key lever to achieving our cash flow positive objective within the second half of the year. Generally speaking, as opposed to focusing on outright growth, our 2023 outlook reflects our renewed focus on stabilizing our core business, prioritizing only those new product innovations which we believe will be most accretive to long-term growth, rightsizing our operations and reducing operating expenses in support of near-term margin expansion and ultimately, better positioning our company for more sustainable long-term profitable growth.
While the growth of our category has slowed, due in part to macro pressures outside of our control, we continue to believe that the long-term opportunity for plant-based meat remains substantial. This perspective is grounded in the fact that each of the key elements of the thesis that supports long-term growth in our category are just as relevant today as they were three years ago, if not more so.
Specifically, these are concerns related to climate change, human health, natural resource conservation and animal welfare, for which our industry is acknowledged to be a core solution within the scientific community. Therefore, although we are projecting a year of flattish to lower revenues in 2023, our optimism about an eventual return to growth in our category remains undiminished, and we are taking decisive measures this year to position ourselves for continued leadership within this category for many years to come.
With that, I’ll conclude my remarks and turn the call back over to the operator to open it up for your questions. Thank you.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And our first question today comes from Ken Goldman from JP Morgan. Please go ahead with your question.
Ken Goldman — JPMorgan — Analyst
Hi, thanks so much. I wanted to ask a little bit about the guidance for 2H ’23 sales to grow in that low double-digit range. Ethan, you mentioned there are some headwinds right now in terms of consumer challenges trading down a little bit, maybe some misunderstandings about your product ingredients I’m not sure if you’re expecting those to kind of reverse a little bit in the back half. I wanted to maybe get a little bit of a better sense of what the key drivers are that maybe underpin that outlook for growth to rebound that way. Thank you.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, sure. Hey, Ken. Thank you for the question. I appreciate it and good to hear from you. So I think, first, I want to ground the discussion in the context. If you look at the third and fourth quarter of ’22, those were not massive numbers that we need to lap. So in part, we have a pretty good starting point for growth in the second half of the year. That’s different from, for example, the much larger or higher borrower have to pass over in the second quarter of this year relative to the second quarter of last.
But it’s not so much dependent on cleaning up the health narrative or getting consumers not to trade down. That’s more to do with some of the actions that we feel we have more control over. And that seems like the pricing programs that we put in place and are testing now, where we’re seeing very good unit velocity responses and some pretty solid revenue gains in that regard, those tests are very limited so they’re not showing up in broader spins data.
The marketing campaigns that we have in place, both at the top of the funnel in terms of our era game and then also down lower in the funnel in terms of the ground game, that will be coming into fruition across the summer. We feel good about. And then we have some line extensions that I’m personally excited about as well as renovations. So when we talk about renovation, if you look at our beef, pork and poultry platform, as you know, we’ve always tried to disrupt ourselves and replace our own products on the shelf with better products, and we try to do that on an annual basis.
And so this year, you’ll see some activity from us there that we’re quite excited about. But this gets back to the kind of third pillar of our strategy. If I were to list those out, the first really is breaking into these lean value streams across beef, pork and poultry and driving margin expansion and opex reduction through that focused management of each of those platforms. And second part, the second pillar would be around the aggressive inventory reduction. Our inventory levels are too high. We understand that, and we’re bringing them down substantially.
And then the third is this focus on near-term growth drivers. And that’s really the programs that I just outlined or what’s going to carry us into the second half of this year. That’s domestic. If you look internationally, we’re seeing some distribution gains that we expect across ’23 internationally. We’ve been doing some good work on shelf life extension, which should give us access to some additional markets in Europe.
We’re doing some new product introductions in Europe. And of course, we have the Foodservice activities that hopefully you guys have been able to focus on in Europe with some sort of our major strategic partners. And then lastly, we have some exchange rate tailwinds that we’re going to be enjoying. So I think those things are primarily what gives us confidence around the second half of the year relative to the baseline that we need to cross over.
Ken Goldman — JPMorgan — Analyst
Got it, no, that makes sense. And thank you for that. I guess, if I can ask a quick follow-up to that. It’s great to hear about some of your tests with price are resulting in some strong unit rebounds. I forget the exact what you said. But recently, we’ve seen both price investments on your part and volumes reduced. And I realize, to your point, there will be much easier comparisons in the back half of next year. And I don’t want to stick too long in the subject. But what should we be looking for that’s different this time, right, versus the last couple of quarters when you also had some maybe pricing that was down and volume down at the same time because it sounds like you’re requiring volumes to really rebound in the back half of next year. And again, you mentioned some other reasons why too. I just wanted to make kind of parse out what’s different than what we’ve seen the last couple of quarters.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. I mean I think the other piece, if you take in totality, our comments around the year and you look at the first half of the year, and we’re saying, look, that’s going to be down. So there’s a reason for that right now, has to do potentially with distribution across the year. We had very strong orders in the latest part of the second quarter last year as people got ready from 4th July. We’re not expecting that same level of concentrated buying. And so I think that in part automatically gives you some strength coming into the second half of the year.
So on your question around pricing measures, this is not really around trade so much as this is around a kind of strategic look at teasing out what happens when the consumer faces a decision to buy animal protein or Beyond Meat, with a price delta that is not as significant as it’s been in the past, right? And so we’re doing these target tests, not only sort of more closely around that question versus just a discount, but also in retail segments that we know the consumer is more likely to respond to our brand than in other segments.
So there’s a highly focused nature to the pricing tests. And we’re also applying that same discipline and focus around these pricing tests in the foodservice space, where instead of offering kind of a blanket discount, we’re looking at segments where the consumer is far more interested in our value proposition, and we’ve talked about this at length, but I’ll just cover it very briefly. For folks that are older, 40 and older tends to be really around the health message and the benefits they can derive from going beyond or folks who are younger, let’s say, still in school age in their 20s and 30s, they are much more receptive to our climate messaging and the climate benefits that we’re able to bring to their consumption choices. And so we’re coupling our pricing with those types of messages for the right consumer in the right demographic.
Ken Goldman — JPMorgan — Analyst
Got it. Thanks, Ethan.
Operator
Our next question comes…
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
I was just going to ask Ken about the Eagles, but I’ll do that for the follow-up call. Keep going.
Operator
Our next question comes from Peter Galbo from Bank of America. Please go ahead with your question.
Peter Galbo — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
Hey, guys. Good afternoon and thanks for taking the question. Maybe Lubi, just to start as a clarification point, like in the revenue guidance, understanding the differences between first and second half, but just how much of that is the shipping factor from stake? Obviously, I know you’re going to be lapping Turkey from last year, but how much contribution are you at least embedding from stake product in ’23?
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Yes. I think certainly, stake is going to be a more of a contributor to our revenue growth in 2023, than obviously, it was in 2022 because we introduced it pretty late in the year last year. And so it will be a driver, I think, throughout the year. The real driver, I think, of the difference in terms of the revenue cadence, the delivery of revenue for 2023 is related to some of the factors that Ethan talked about, right?
So in the near term, we are lapping a stronger first half of 2022. And the category trends, obviously, have been relatively soft in the last several weeks and months. We also, in the first half of 2022, obviously, we had a pretty big launch of our Jerky product. And so we do expect that the decline in revenue that you see in the first half of the year will be obviously relatively we said mid-teens decline. And then for all of the reasons that Ethan mentioned, we expect the sort of trajectory of the contribution from some of the new products, etc., to be much more meaningful in the second half of next year — of this year.
Peter Galbo — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
Got it. No, that’s helpful. And then Ethan, maybe just to follow up on Ken’s question and thinking about more from the cash flow and an inventory standpoint, look, understanding the drawing down inventory makes sense you’re in a harvest mode. But just given if you’re assuming a return to growth in the second half, you’ve drawn down on inventory, how do you kind of thread the needle of making sure that your in-stock rates and your fill rates are up to par with what you need for your retail customers and your foodservice customers, if that is going to be the case of running with kind of leaner inventory? Just would be helpful to get your thoughts there. Thanks, guys.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Sure. That’s a great question. So I think it gets back to the organization across these value streams, which gives you a lot greater clarity into for each beef, pork and poultry, how you’re doing relative to the demand that you know you’re getting, it’s just a more manageable set of activities. I think we’ve also reduced the number of large customers that were doing bespoke or novel products for. So it allows us to carry a more common set of inventory across the customer base.
And then I think shifting into some of the new business systems we’re using, it gives us much greater visibility across our network helps a lot. The consolidation of our manufacturing footprint. As I mentioned, I think, in my remarks, going from kind eight different co-packers the peak in ’22 to three and then our own internal production process, things just get a lot simpler as you start to implement some of these disciplines and the major emphasis for our company, the second pillar in our strategy, which is around reducing inventory. The team is doing a great job at it. I think they’re having fun doing it, and we’re pushing ourselves to over the course of the next year move from this growth at all-cost model to one where we really start to shine around feel best-in-class inventory management and to get more in line with companies that are managing their inventory according to a lean discipline.
So it’s not without effort. We’ll make mistakes along the way, but we are pretty confident that we can serve a kind of resurgence in demand with a much more efficient inventory and production system.
Peter Galbo — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
Great. Thanks, guys.
Operator
Our next question comes from Robert Moskow from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead with your question.
Robert Moskow — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Hi, thanks. I thought I heard in the prepared remarks some comments about what you intended to do with your revolver in order to provide a source of cash. Can you be more specific about it? And can you tell me, like, does that give you sufficient flexibility that you probably will need during the course of ’23 because you’re still burning and the balance sheet is getting smaller?
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Rob, this is Lubi, I’ll take that one. So we didn’t actually say anything about a revolver in the prepared remarks. We did, at one point, have a revolving credit facility, which we terminated when we did the convertible bond offering. But I think your question really gets to sort of our overall liquidity position, given that we are obviously still — the business is still consuming quite a bit of cash.
So look, I think everything that we discussed in our prepared remarks and some of what Ethan was just alluding to kind of speaks to the measures that we are taking to really reduce the rate of cash consumption of the business, right? But we recognize that even with some of the, I think, more — some of the onetime benefits that we believe we’re going to be able to capture as it relates to inventory reduction. Beyond that, we still have a lot of work to do, right?
So we’re not at this point ready to discuss with any real specificity about what the consumption — cash consumption of the business might look like beyond 2023. But it is a focus of ours for long term to transform this business into that is a net generator of cash. But there’s still ways to go before we get there. And I don’t want to speak prematurely about what we will or will not do beyond 2023.
And then to the broader, I think this is part of where your question was headed in terms of how we’re thinking about the liquidity position. Our thinking there hasn’t really changed from what we’ve shared on last quarter that we’re very focused on it. We continue to evaluate the various options that are available to us. And if it makes sense for us to do some sort of a raise and put more of a buffer on the balance sheet, we will.
Robert Moskow — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Okay. Maybe one follow-up. Can you give us a sense as to what the drag on the business was in 2022 from McPlant Jerky either in cash or in earnings or something? And what the opportunity might be in ’23 to reduce that drag, maybe that has to do with the contract renegotiation you’re talking about?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, that’s exactly right. I’ll let Lubi give you the specifics on it. But it was not insignificant from impact on the business and we’ve taken a lot of activity. I was very involved in this toward the second half of this year to restructure the agreements that we have on production and distribution and things of that nature to make sure that as we move forward, we have more favorable economics around margin. Now that’s not going to show up necessarily right away, but you can already see some positive movement in that area. So while I don’t think it’s going to be transformative in terms of the entire business, you are going to see better economics on the Jerky business.
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Yeah. And then, Rob, in terms of the specific numbers, so I don’t have that in front of me. We can certainly follow up offline on that, and we typically disclose that in our 10-Q, which will be coming out soon. But so also sort of as Ethan mentioned, we are focused on improving the economics for the Jerky business on a go-forward basis. But at this point in time, we’re just — we’re not ready to get into the specifics, but we will share more information around that in the near future.
Robert Moskow — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
Our next question comes from Jon Andersen from William Blair. Please go ahead with your question.
Jon Anderson — William Blair — Analyst
Thanks for the question. Good afternoon, guys.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey.
Jon Anderson — William Blair — Analyst
Ethan, I was wondering if you could comment a little about the category. And any — haven’t heard you talk too much recently about household penetration or kind of repeat by the consumer. And the reason I’m asking is just to try and get a better understanding for where you think the biggest challenges are at this point in terms of bringing more consumers into the category into your franchise? Is it taste? Is it the health perception? Is it price? And what you can do as a category leader going forward to help promote more trial, promote more engagement?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. No, I got the question. It’s a very good one, and it’s always something I think about a great deal. And you hit on the buzzwords that I use all the time, both internally, externally. This category will win overtime on three things. It will win around taste, it will win around a proper understanding of the health benefits that our products provide, it will win on price. If you look at any history of innovation in the last 150 years, things move forward with breakthroughs in key product attributes. We’re all thinking about or driving. We’re looking at potentially driving electric vehicles someday because of the improvements that were made possible by the lithium-ion battery, right? Cell phones, the same thing with some of the technology advances, etc.
And so I don’t read the articles, take an entire day to do so. But the efforts the people who have made to try to call the category, I find sort of just probably not a productive use of energy. There are things that we can move forward on a daily basis, and that’s what we’re focused on. So all the things you just said, improving the taste, making sure the consumer understands the health benefits, and that’s our work with Stanford. We have a five-year program with the medical school there, and the results I summarized in my comments.
Our new project with the American Cancer Society, some other stuff we’ll be announcing later this year in the medical space. And even the history of plant-based protein is one that no one is really bothered to look up in all of this effort to call the category. If you look at the work of the Blue Zones researchers, for example, where they talk about the five longest live communities in the world. One of those is very close to where I’m sitting today. It’s in Loma Linda, California.
And one of the key attributes of that community is largely plant-based diet. One part of that diet were some of the earliest meat substitutes that were developed in the 1890s by John Harvey Kellogg. So there’s a tremendous health benefit to be derived from transitioning the protein at center of our plates from animal protein to a plant-based protein and a plant-based meat.
And the data is there. We need to look at it. We need to keep developing it. But any industry that has a success that we’ve had is going to face tremendous pushback, and that’s the story throughout all of innovation. We’re facing that now. We’ll get through it. We have data on our side. We’re developing more data. You’ll see us get much more targeted around health in our discussions with the consumer.
Steak is a perfect example. That’s why I dwelled on it so much in the prepared remarks to enjoy a delicious piece of Steak like that. Anyone who hasn’t tried it, should go out and try it. If they have any doubt about the category or the brand. It’s got a 1 gram of saturated fat. And if you look at like an Omaha stake, for example, an analogous product has 6 grams. I picked the product in the middle so as to not so bias at all, but the health benefits of what we’re doing are strong and will only get stronger.
Okay. And then you layer on that price as we start to continue to drive down the cost structure. And again, this isn’t showing up today. But you shouldn’t expect it to when you have volumes that we have running through our facilities, right? But as our volumes increase and we can start to take advantage of some of the manufacturing improvements we’ve made and start to run through some of the ingredients that we bought at higher cost and higher price and get to some of the lower-cost ingredients that we’ve been able to negotiate, you’ll start to see a more sustained lower cost product and then lower pricing.
So as we hit those levers taste, and we’ve got some products coming out this year, that’s why this renovation, its pace of renovation is so important to me. We’re going to keep driving new products out in the market that taste better every year. We’re issuing one of our core platforms this year, we’ll have a product improvement. It’s terrific, right? So that will bring some more consumers in.
Then you start to beat back some of the drum-up speculation about health, you bring more consumers in that way. And then ultimately, you give them something that they can afford that’s at the same price. All of this hand bringing about the category, the history will show that it was something that was unnecessary. We’re doing our work. We’re focusing every day on people in the category. I talk to other companies in the category and possible in others. We’re all just focused on doing our work and getting it done and we’ll deliver these gains. The consumer, I think, will — increasing numbers adopt.
You asked about increasing trial. One of the best ways to do that is just to offer more competitive pricing. So some of the unit velocities we’re seeing on these pricing tests are exactly designed to do that, not only to generate cash from our inventory, but also to welcome more consumers into the category through more favorable pricing.
Yeah. I’m bewildered at analysis that downplays the fact that in ’22 and ’21, particularly ’22, our products were at times twice, if not more, the price of animal protein. And here’s a consumer that’s walking into the supermarket with significantly reduced buying power on the aisle itself, right, because other prices are going up. But also their buying power has been dramatically reduced before they even got there at the pump and then paying their rent and everything else.
And so for people to think that we’re going to just sail through that with products that are literally twice the cost of the next available alternative that’s been consumed for thousands of years, I think, is naive. So we’ll get through this period of inflation. We’ll get back to able to communicate with the consumer, the truth about our products versus some of the things that are being written, and you’ll see growth again.
Jon Anderson — William Blair — Analyst
Great, thanks, Ethan.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah.
Operator
And our next question comes from Adam Samuelson from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead with your question.
Adam Samuelson — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Yes, thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Maybe clarifying questions. Ethan, in the revenue guidance for 2023, what is the assumption on volume and selling prices? I guess, as I think about the goal of reducing inventories, where especially that problem is concentrated on the raw material side, driving volume would seem to be the biggest more important lever there, but kind of doing so without price reductions gets more challenging if you’re trying to improve the value proposition to the consumer. So what are you actually for kind of aggregate volume and selling prices within the revenue guidance you’ve laid out?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So while I can’t give specifics on it, I think the — if you look at the — I laid out the three pillars that are really the core focus of our strategy, lean value streams and margin expansion and opex reduction through those systems, inventory drawdown. And then third, the focus on near-term growth drivers such as product extensions and renovations and pricing. And so that pricing piece is a big lever for us, as you’ve noted. And we will exercise that in certain markets under certain conditions that are time-limited because we want to make sure we’re understanding the impact right.
But to your point, the quickest way to drive through this inventory is just to offer more competitive pricing move through it. It does a lot to spread some positive momentum through our facilities by increasing throughput and lowering — or increasing incentive [Phonetic] and things of that nature. So it’s those levers that I talked about within that third pillar of continuing to look at the pricing programs, getting these line extensions out there and getting some of the renovations. So I don’t know Lubi, if you want to add that?
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Yes, Adam, the only other thing that I would add to that is when you look at the change in net revenue per pound that we realized in 2022 versus the previous year. Part of that was driven by — we did take pretty broad price reductions in our international business in the EU in particular because we felt that the price point of our products relative to the competitive set there was much wider than we needed it to be.
And so we took pretty significant and broad price reduction there. We also had the negative impact of FX in 2022. And so I would say that even though we are running some of these more aggressive pricing programs that we’ve described, I wouldn’t necessarily be looking at the change from 2021 to 2022 as sort of an indicator of what may be to come in 2023.
Adam Samuelson — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
That’s helpful. And then if I take the aggregate revenue gross profit or gross margin, opex, capex guidance that you laid out, it would seem that kind of adjusting for the noncash items in there for D&A and stock comp, in particular, that before kind of working capital release, the cash burn for the company is something on the order of $175 million in 2023. So I mean is that, A, correct? And B, kind of, if so, what level of working capital release and the functional free cash kind of with that would you actually have in 2023 and understanding there’s a cadence and sequencing that you could get — potentially get to free cash flow positive in the second half if you execute the plan, but in aggregate for the year, kind of what’s the cash burn implied by the operating guidance you laid out?
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Yeah. So Adam, the estimate that you just mentioned over there sounds pretty high. I think we will be substantially below that for the full year. But we will be a net consumer of cash for the full year, even though we do have this objective to be cash flow positive within the second half of next year. And you called out some of the different components or the buildup to that, right? So we gave you, I think, pretty detailed guidance around revenue, gross margin, opex and capex.
And so the big lever — some of the big levers there that are not included, obviously, there’s the depreciation and stock comp pieces. But inventory — the working capital benefit you — obviously, for us to get to cash flow positive needs to be pretty significant, and that’s what we’re targeting. And so Ethan mentioned the focus — the level of focus that we’re placing on inventory reduction and some of the new tools that we have invested in to help us be much more efficient in that regard. And so it is an aggressive target, but we do think we have a pathway to get there.
Adam Samuelson — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Okay, I appreciate that color. I’ll pass it on. Thanks.
Operator
And our next question comes from Michael Lavery from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead with your question.
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Thank you and good evening. Just wanted to touch on the brand spending. That’s the key to pricing power or just competitive dynamics and…
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sorry, can you repeat the word? We didn’t catch the word.
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Just the brands — the marketing and brand spending.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Got it. Thanks.
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
And I think you’ve called out in the 2020 — 2022 results how some lower marketing spending was one of the components of the build to your results. Can you just give a sense of how you’re thinking about where that goes in 2023? And how to think about just making sure that you build the brand equity and try to make sure that that’s not part of the cost cuts?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. No, that’s a great question. So I think just in terms of the timing of spend, I think you see us during the first half of the year, emphasize some marketing spend for various launches we’re doing and things of that nature. But I would say that the difference between — we had a much broader marketing platform in the past that maybe was less refined in terms of the most receptive consumers for our products, and that made sense for the time.
But as we move forward and again, it gets back to this kind of third pillar and the strategy, focusing on near-term wins with consumers that are most receptive to our value proposition. it gives us the ability to market much more efficiently. I mean I’ll give an example, which is kind of making up the specifics here, but people who are receiving statins, right? I mean they should know about our products, and they should understand the relative health benefits of the Beyond Steak versus animal protein steak.
And so can we spend efficiently in that direction? Younger people who are focused on climate and the environment, how do we reach them as they come into the consumer set that’s going to be shopping in grocery. So we’re doing a lot deeper dives in those type of areas to understand how to maximize each dollar we’re spending. With our QSR, our strategic partners, there are some really good activity going on there. I think some of the marketing that they’re doing, particularly in Europe, is really actually brilliant. I mean it touches on the kind of generational change that’s underway here. And so we’re happy to be co-funding that and if you look just by the way, while I’m on Europe, we didn’t really get much questions on that. But I want to emphasize some of the transition that’s occurring in Europe around the consumer.
If you look at a country like Germany, over the last 10 years, there’s been a remarkable reduction in animal protein consumption on a per capita basis. And I think that bodes very well for what we’ll see here in United States at some point as people begin to understand better the health and climate benefits of what we’re doing. And so in our marketing, reaching those consumers, we can do that more efficiently than we have in the past, and we’re looking forward to doing that.
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
That’s helpful color. And can I just follow up on the part of the release where you give the distribution points by channel? I appreciate the transparency calling out how it looks, excluding Turkey, just because that’s such a big jump in the U.S. in 2022. But slip down just a bit sequentially from Q1 to at least 4Q at 34,000 versus 35,000, it’s not a big drop, obviously, and I’m sure there’s some rounding that maybe it’s even less than it looks.
But what’s driving that down? And with your velocities lower, even if you’ve got roughly constant distribution points and sales down around 20%, your velocity is obviously are off. Do you have risk of delistings or could that number get lower?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. From a — in terms of total distribution points, I think where we’ve seen a little bit of a loss of just number of doors has been in the sort of foodservice channels. And in international, in particular, I think there was a little bit of a reduction there. And then — sorry, can you repeat the second part of your question?
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Sure, yeah. And — I mean, maybe these numbers aren’t accurate, but the international foodservice you show a tick up. That’s also coincidentally 34,000. But just looking at the sales trends and your conversations with the retail trade, do you get the sense of more delistings that could come? What — how do we measure the risk of how that looks going forward?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, we haven’t — I mean — no, we haven’t — that certainly hasn’t registered. I talk with our sales team every day. And I haven’t heard concerns around that. The only kind of area there that, that ever comes up is in areas of shelf life, where we may not have the right shelf life for a particular ambient case at a particular retailer or something like that. But no, we haven’t seen that.
And if you look at — if you kind of break into the data set for Beyond in retail, there has been obviously some impact in the fresh case. But in the frozen, we are seeing pretty good growth. And so when I meet with retailers, I was just with the largest one in the U.S. that we deal with outside the big box area, and I’m very pleased with our performance and looking for what else can we bring them. I think they see the short-term nature of this disruption as clearly as we do. And so, no, I don’t see any sort of dramatic correction in that area, no.
Michael Lavery — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Okay, thanks for the color. That’s great, thanks.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Operator
And our next question comes from Peter Saleh from BTIG. Please go ahead with your question.
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Great. Thanks. Ethan, given the declines in sales in the back end of the year and expected declines in the front end of ’23, have you reconsidered your position on private label?
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Not really. I think it’s — I mean I think about it gets to — if you go through the three things that I’m always focused on relative to consumer taste, health and price, where my mind goes in that area is around price. That what products can I offer and aggressively price them, and maybe we stride our brand a little bit and we create higher cost items and lower cost items. But no, for private label. I mean, so much what we’re doing right now is about efficiency of our production system. And so introducing a whole another set of activities would be the wrong idea right now for us, I think.
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Great. And just curious on the price and the trials. I think you said that you’ve done some tests. Just trying to understand how confident you guys are in some of these tests that they’re actually, you’re seeing some repeat purchases and not just driving some trial with some of these price tests.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, some of them — they’re small, so they may not be selling up as much as they will. But they’ve been going on for a while. And so we do have some data there that suggest that it’s not just kind of time spend. Two, will be whether it helps to grow the category. That’s the biggest question that I’m looking to answer that will bring new consumers in that before saw price as a major barrier.
And again, there’s a lot of distortion in the channel with very high rates of inflation, changing consumer consumption habits, but my belief is that as we continue to get taste right, continue to get the health message right and then reduce that price barrier, it will grow the category.
Lubi Kutua — Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Yeah, and Peter, maybe just to add to that a little bit. When we look at our panel data metrics for the most recent quarter across buying rate purchase frequency and repeat rates, those were all up sequentially relative to Q3. So there’s nothing that we’re seeing yet in the data that’s necessarily showing any sort of anomaly in terms of repeat rates or things like that.
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Great, thank you very much.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure.
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
And at this time, we will end today’s question-and-answer session. I’d like to turn the floor back over to management for any closing remarks.
Ethan Brown — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
I’d say thanks for the questions today. Thanks for joining. We set a change in direction in the second half of last year. And I think this quarter, you’re seeing the initial results of that. And we’re sharpening it every quarter. I think you’ll continue to see progress across this. The management team we have in place is a really strong one. We’re working well together and feel really optimistic about where we’re going.
Part of the range that we gave is an effort by me to make sure the team is not focused on chasing growth to the point where some of these other more important things around expanding our margin and keeping operating expense where it needs to be and driving through our inventory, those are all the things that I want us focused on right now, and they’re doing a great job doing it. And I look forward to coming back next quarter, talking more about it. Thanks.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]