Chevron Corporation (CVX) Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) Q4 2025 Earnings Call dated Jan. 30, 2026

Corporate Participants:

Jake Spiering — General Manager, Investor Relations-

Michael Wirth — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Eimear Bonner — CFO

Analysts:

Unidentified Participant

Arun Jayaram — Analyst

Arun Jayaram — Analyst

Neil Mehta — Analyst

Douglas Leggate — Analyst

Ryan Todd — Analyst

Devin McDermott — Analyst

Sam Margolin — Analyst

Paul Cheng — Analyst

Paul Cheng — Analyst

Stephen Richardson — Analyst

Biraj Bokhataria — Analyst

Manav Gupta — Analyst

Presentation:

operator

Good morning, my name is Katie and I will be your conference facilitator today. Welcome everyone to Chevron’s fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. At this time all participants are in a listen only mode. After the speaker’s remarks there will be a question and answer session and instructions will be given at that time. If anyone requires assistance during the conference call, please press star then zero on your touchtone telephone. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I will now turn the conference call over to the head of Investor Relations of Chevron Corporation, Mr. Jake Spearing.

Please go ahead.

Jake Spiering — General Manager, Investor Relations-

Thank you, Katie. Welcome to Chevron’s fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call and webcast. I’m Jake Spiering, Head of Investor Relations. Our Chairman and CEO Mike Wirth and our CFO Emer Bonner are on the call with me today. We will refer to the slides and prepared remarks that are available on Chevron’s website. Before we begin, please be reminded that this presentation contains estimates, projections and other forward looking statements. A reconciliation of non GAAP measures can be found in the appendix to this presentation. Please review the cautionary statement and additional information Presented on slide 2. Now I will turn it over to Mike.

Michael Wirth — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Okay, thanks Jake. 2025 was a year of execution. We set records, started up major projects and strengthened our portfolio. Production reached record levels globally and in the US Supported by key milestones and strategic actions including completion of the future growth project at 10 geese. Adding 260,000 barrels of oil per day, startup of Ballymore and Whale and the ramp up of Anchor in the Gulf of America. Advancing toward our goal of 300,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2026. Achieving 1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in the Permian and shifting focus to free cash flow growth and closing the Hess acquisition.

Creating a premier upstream portfolio with the highest cash margins in the industry. Additionally, in the downstream we delivered the highest U.S. refinery throughput in two decades reflecting recent expansion projects and higher efficiency. This performance drove strong results including industry leading free cash flow growth excluding asset sales. Adjusted free cash flow was up over 35% year over year even with oil prices down nearly 15%. And for the fourth consecutive year we returned record cash to shareholders, delivering on our consistent approach to superior shareholder returns. Chevron has been in Venezuela for over a century and we remain committed to leveraging our deep expertise and long standing partnerships for the benefit of our shareholders and the people of Venezuela.

Since 2022, in full compliance with US laws and regulations, we’ve worked with our Venezuelan partners to increase production in our ventures there by over 200,000 barrels per day through a venture funded model to recover outstanding debt, we see the potential to further grow production volumes by up to 50% over the next 18 to 24 months. We’re reliably delivering Venezuelan crude to the market, including our own refining system. There is significant potential in our assets and in the country. We’re optimistic the future holds a more competitive and robust pathway to deliver value to Venezuela, the United States and Chevron.

We’ve been a pivotal part of Venezuela’s past, we’re committed to the present and we look forward to a continued partnership into the future. Our advantaged assets in the Eastern Mediterranean continue to grow and we’re advancing multiple high return projects to bring world class gas resources to regional markets. Leviathan recently reached FID to further expand production capacity combined with a near term expansion. Gross capacity is anticipated to reach roughly 2.1 billion cubic feet per day at the end of the decade, contributing to a doubling of current earnings and free cash flow. At Tamar, the optimization project startup is in progress increasing gross capacity to approximately 1.6 billion cubic feet per day and effort ID has now entered feed working toward developing a competitive investment in Cypress.

We expect these projects to build on the existing assets top quartile reliability and unit development costs, further expanding our differentiated position. Before concluding, I want to provide a brief update on tco. Earlier this month TCO experienced a temporary issue on the power distribution system. Production was safely put in recycle mode while the team identified the root cause. Early production has now resumed and we expect the majority of the plant capacity to be online within the coming week and unconstrained production levels within February. Our full year 2026 guidance of $6 billion of Chevron share free cash flow from TCO at $70.

Brent is unchanged. I want to reiterate our message from Investor Day. Chevron is bigger, stronger and more resilient than ever. We’re entering 2026 from a position of strength and will continue building on our momentum in the years ahead. Now over to Emer to discuss the financials.

Eimear Bonner — CFO

Thanks Mike. Chevron reported fourth quarter earnings of $2.8 billion or $1.39 per share. Adjusted earnings were $3 billion or $1.52 per share. Included in the quarter were pension curtailment costs of $128 million and negative foreign currency effects of $130 million. Cash flow from operations was $10.8 billion for the quarter and included a $1.7 billion from a drawdown in working capital in line with historical trends we expect to build in working capital in the first quarter of 2026. Organic capex was $5.1 billion for the quarter and full year. Organic capex was in line with guidance inorganic capex related mostly to lease acquisitions and new energies investments.

We repurchased shares at the high end of our fourth quarter guidance range at $3 billion. Our balance sheet remains strong, ending the year with a net debt coverage ratio of 1x compared to last quarter. Adjusted earnings were lower by roughly $600 million. Adjusted upstream earnings decreased primarily due to lowered liquids prices. Adjusted downstream earnings were lower largely due to lower chemicals earnings and refining volumes. Adjusted free cash flow was $20 billion for the year and included the first loan repayment from TCO and $1.8 billion in asset sales share repurchases combined with the Hess shares acquired at a discount for over $14 billion.

Looking ahead, we expect continued growth in cash flow driven by low risk production growth, ongoing cost savings and continued capital disappear. 2025 marked the highest full year worldwide in US production in Chevron’s history. Excluding impacts of the Hess acquisition. Net oil equivalent production growth was at the top end of our 2025 guidance range of 6 to 8%. Production at TCO, the Permian and the Gulf of America was in line with or better than previous guidance due to strong performance and disciplined execution. We expect volume growth to continue in 2026 as we see the benefits of project ramp ups, a full year of Hess assets and continued efficiency in our Shield portfolio.

A full year of Permian above 1 million barrels of oil per day and vacant production underpins the expected growth in SHIELD and tight. Recent and upcoming project startups in Guyana, the Gulf of America and the Eastern Mediterranean are anticipated to increase offshore production by approximately 200,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. We expect TCO to grow 30,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, delivering near its original plan as the 2026 maintenance schedule has been optimized in total growth in these high margin assets is anticipated to contribute to a 7 to 10% increase in production year over year year excluding the impact of asset sales.

Last year we launched our structural cost reduction program as part of our continued commitment to cost discipline. Execution has exceeded expectations with $1.5 billion delivered in 2025 and $2 billion captured in the annual run rate. These results reflect a broad organization wide effort to operate more efficiently. Challenging high and where work gets done Streamlining processes, integrating advanced technology and leveraging our scale across the supply chain. We’ve restructured our operating model to be leaner and faster with a more intense focus on benchmarking and prioritisation, and we’re not done. We expect this momentum to continue as we aim to deliver on our expanded target of 3 to 4 billion dollars by the end of 2026, with more than 60% of savings coming from durable efficiency gains.

As Mike referenced, we’re entering 2026 in a position of strength. Our diversified portfolio has a dividend and capex break even below $50. Brent and a deep opportunity queue with lower execution risk. Capital discipline remains at the core of our strategy as we focus on only the highest value opportunities. Our balance sheet is in excellent shape with significant debt capacity that provides additional resilience and flexibility. This disciplined approach allows us to manage through cycles, invest for the future, and consistently reward shareholders. Over the last four years, we’ve returned more than $100 billion in dividends and buybacks.

As we showed you at our Investor Day, our track record of growing the dividend is unmatched across decades. Today we announced a 4% increase in the quarterly dividend in line with our top financial priority. I’ll now hand it off to Jake.

Jake Spiering — General Manager, Investor Relations-

That concludes our prepared remarks. Additional guidance can be found in the appendix to this presentation as well as the slides and other information posted on chevron.com we are now ready to take your questions. We ask that you limit yourself to just one question. We will do our best to get all of your questions answered. Katie, can you please open the lines?

Questions and Answers:

operator

Thank you. If you have a question at this time, please press Star one on your touchtone telephone. To allow for questions from more participants, we ask you limit yourself to one question. If your question has been answered or you wish to remove yourself from the queue, please press star 2. If you are listening on a speakerphone, we ask you please lift your handset before asking your question to provide optimum sound quality. Again, if you have a question, please press Star one on your touchtone telephone. We’ll take our first question from Aaron Jaram with JP Morgan.

Michael Wirth

Morning, Arun.

Arun Jayaram

Good morning. I was wondering. Yeah, good morning, Mike. I was wondering if you could elaborate on a few of the moving pieces around TFCO volumes in 2026, including the optimized maintenance schedule. And perhaps, Mike, you could just discuss the issue on the power distribution system and where you stand with some of the debottlenecking activities that could potentially result in an increase in your productive capacity at tco.

Michael Wirth

Sure. Let me start with the power issue, since that’s been the Most recent information there. The team proactively suspended production at the facility when an issue was identified in the power system. I’m really proud of the organization for taking that step, being willing to reduce production. When they identified a condition that created a risk and focusing on the safety of people, assets, the environment, they acted with urgency to get the facility into a safe posture. Immediately began working on root cause identification and very quickly began implementing solutions to get production back online. Production has been resumed at the core LEV field.

A number of the assets or power distribution assets have been taken out of service, have been brought back into service. We’ve actually got power now to one of the pressure boost facilities and are in the process of beginning to ramp things back up to higher rates through the processing plants as I outline in my opening comments. Also, you know, in the news, just to close the loop on it, you know, we have two mooring berths back in service at CPC. We’ve been working for the last 30 plus days, maybe 30 to 45 days through a single mooring berth.

So back into, you know, startup mode on TCO and as I indicated, full field production capacity not far away. When you look at the full year guide where we said we we expect to be near our original production expectations, two things I would point to. One is maintenance optimization, which is timing of activity and optimizing downtime. And so as we’ve looked at the schedule for this year, we’ve got a more optimal plan that will accomplish the maintenance objectives and reduce the amount of planned downtime that goes with those. And then the second thing gets to your question about debottlenecking.

At our investor day, we shared some history at TCO that demonstrated overarching years there in multiple projects, we’ve been able to steadily improve plant capacity beyond nameplate. We’re working on that again now with the new project. And in fact, one of the pit stop turnarounds that we took late in 2025 was to address to retrain a column or a portion of a column and address some issues that have been identified that we believe will allow us to push some more through through the plant. We’ve actually not run that at full capacity long enough to be able to speak to exactly what the impact of that is because of some of these other constraints that I just mentioned.

But as we’re back up and running, we’ll certainly have a chance to test that and I would expect that and other steps that we take will lead to gradual debottlenecking and we’ll look to try to Creep the capacity further upward and we’ll advise you as we’ve got, you know, runtime and confidence that we can demonstrate that. We’ll let you know what that looks like. Thanks, Arun.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Neil Mehta with Goldman Sachs.

Neil Mehta

Morning Mike and team and thanks for the comments. Mike, if you could unpack Venezuela a little bit more and specifically your just thoughts on the conditions of the, of the assets on the ground and how much running room there is in terms of the resource there. How big could this be in the context of Chevron’s portfolio? And I think, Mike, you allude to the fact that you might be thinking about this more in a self funding model type of way. So anything you can unpack there too would be great.

Michael Wirth

Yeah, Neil, maybe I’ll put a little bit of context around this just because I have had different discussions with people over the years and I’d like to get every kind of level set on it since it’s been more front and center recently than it has been historically. First of all, our operations there through the last month and all the things that have happened on the ground have continued uninterrupted. Our people are safe. We continue to work closely with our partners in Venezuela to get crude to the market. So we’ve not been impacted by any shipping issues or anything else that have been in the media.

We’re actually in four different joint ventures with Pitta Vesa, three of which are producing assets. Since 2022, when there were some changes in the licenses out of OFEC under the Biden administration, we’ve grown production by over 200,000 barrels a day. Gross production now is up around 250,000 barrels a day. And as Mark mentioned during the White House meeting, there’s the potential for up to an incremental 50% production growth over the next 18 to 24 months as we get some additional authorizations from the US government. The activity on the ground right now is entirely funded through the cash within those ventures.

And so the current license agreement requires us to pay certain taxes and royalties that we’re legally obligated to pay. It enables repayment of debts that we have, you know, still have debt balances that we’re owed and we’ve been, you know, steadily working those down. And then the additional category cash goes back into the operations for normal operating costs. That has funded things like, well, workovers, basic maintenance on pumps and pipelines and compressor stations and the like, which have allowed us to improve production as we have and would continue to, as I Indicated up to maybe 50% additional growth.

So that’s the current state of things. As I think everybody on the call knows, the resource potential in Venezuela is large, large. It’s well established and there’s a lot of running room ahead. I can speak to the state of our assets and we have worked hard to keep them safe and reliable and maintain them during this period of time. I think as you look at the performance out of other assets that we’re not involved in, you can see that that may not be the case across the rest of the industry in the country as the production has kind of steadily eroded over the last decade or so.

And so I think the opportunity to do some of the things we’ve done in some of these other operations is probably there. I think it’s a little early to say what our longer term outlook is, Neil. You know, you should expect us to remain focused on value and capital discipline. It’s a large resource that has the opportunity to become a more sizable part of our portfolio in the future. But we also need to see stability in the country. We need to have confidence in the fiscal regime. There was a hydrocarbon law that was passed just yesterday that we’re in the process of reviewing to understand how that applies.

And so there’ll be a number of signposts that we’ll be watching. You know, and I try to remind people always, like anywhere that we invest fiscal terms, stability, regulatory predictability are important. And so it’ll have to compete in our portfolio versus attractive investments in many other parts of the world. With the right changes, we certainly could see our operations and footprint expand in Venezuela. And you know, we’re working with the US Government and the Venezuelan government to try to create circumstances that would enable that.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Neil.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Doug Leggett with Wolff Research.

Douglas Leggate

Good morning, everybody. Mike, I wonder if I could just quickly take you back to Tengis. And I guess it’s really more of a macro question because I think you’re aware that Kazakhstan seemingly has some fairly substantial compensation cuts planned in the summertime, and I don’t know how much of that was supposed to be Tengis. I think it was a previous question from one of the guys asking about maintenance. But now that you’ve had this unplanned downtime, I’m wondering, does that kind of meet the compensation plan if you had any contribution to that? In other words, we should not expect any further cuts later in the year.

I don’t know if you can speak to that both on a Macro and a Chevron specific level, please.

Michael Wirth

Yeah, Doug, I really can’t. You know, that’s a matter for the Republic and obviously OPEC as they engage in their discussions, which we’re not privy to. I’ll point out that historically, because the TCO barrel is pretty attractive barrel from a fiscal standpoint to the Republic, that what we’ve seen historically is if there are restrictions on production in the country, you know, those tend to affect the barrels that are less fiscally attractive to the government. And TCO doesn’t have a history of being, you know, impacted to a great degree by that. And so, you know, I would point to that.

I know history is not always a, you know, a prediction of the future, but that’s how things have historically worked. And I just don’t, I just don’t know what agreements or understandings there are within the country relative to opec. Thank you.

Jake Spiering

Thanks, Doug.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Ryan Todd with Piper Sandler.

Ryan Todd

Great, thanks. Maybe on the Eastern med, you’ve made a lot of progress in the eastern Mediterranean over the last six months. Can you walk through kind of the drivers of the progress in the region, keys to Aphrodite development, getting that to FID and then maybe additional opportunities in the region, including places like Egypt where we’ve seen some headlines involving yourselves of late?

Michael Wirth

Yeah, thanks, Ryan. We are continue to be very excited about the resource potential in the Eastern Mediterranean. You know, I used to get some questions back during, you know, the last year or so when there was a lot of kind of geopolitical uncertainty in the region. But, you know, this is a tremendous resource. All credit to Noble Energy for the way they developed both Tamar and Leviathan. And you know, across our core assets on a gross basis, we’ve got over 40 tcf of resource. And this is comparable to our assets in Australia, which have been the focus of investors for a long time.

But this is similar scale. In the near term, we’re focused on safely bringing online projects at both tomorrow and Leviathan later this year. Tomorrow we’ll add about 500 million cubic feet a day of capacity. Leviathan about 2 million. And then the Leviathan expansion we just took FID on will take gross production there to 2.1 BCF by the end of the decade. So steady growth combined, those projects should increase production about 25% and double earnings in cash flow by 2030. And then as you mentioned, Ephraid ID just entered feed. We’re working towards a competitive project in Cyprus.

This is one that’s Been kind of on the drawing board board for quite some time and we’ve reached, I think a good understanding with Cyprus on the development concept there. And so all of these lead to our confidence in the region. Last thing is we’ve got at least one exploration well I know that is going to go down offshore. Egypt, we’ve got a large position in a number of blocks offshore Egypt, further to the west in areas that are relatively underexplored and have been under some military exclusions historically. There’s working petroleum systems onshore and you know, we’ve got reasons to believe they could extend offshore.

So we’re going to be testing that. We shot seismic and going to be getting some wells down. So an important part of our portfolio. Good things underway now and I think, you know, the running room on this one continues well into the future.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Ryan.

operator

We’ll go next to Devin McDermott with Morgan Stanley.

Devin McDermott

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Emer, you had some helpful comments and details in the slides on the cost reduction progress so far. And if we look at what’s on deck for 2026, what’s ahead still, I think some of the remaining improvement is really driven by some of the fairly material organizational changes that Chevron implemented last fall. And now that you’re a few months into this new operating model, I was wondering if you could talk about some of the early results that you’re see so far both on cost and operations. So any positive surprises or conversely kind of lessons learned or areas that are still a work in progress.

Eimear Bonner

Okay, thanks, Devon. Yeah, we’ve hit the ground running. We went live with the new organization in October and the new operating model is live and well and you know, we’re seeing that reflected in the early results that we publish shown you today in the prepared comments. So we’ve saved 1.5 billion thus far on the cost reduction program. So some of that’s coming from divestments, some of that’s coming from efficiencies and technology. And so you see the early results of the organizational impacts in the results already the run rate is greater than 2 billion at the end of the year.

So we are expecting the organizational efficiencies to add to the results that we’re seeing thus far. So we’re very confident in the target that we’ve set and delivering that over the course of this year. And just a reminder, that’s 3 to 4 billion billion dollars. Look, in terms of the lessons learned, what I’d say is we’re seeing results everywhere every Team as part of this program has been benchmarked, has been looking for areas of improvement. So we’ve got a lot of programs that are looking at improving our competitiveness across every metric. Some of the examples that I would call out, production chemicals.

Now that we have our shield and tight portfolio and assets all together in one business, we’ve been able to look at that from an operational efficiency perspective, not only to optimize operationally the chemical treatments, but also the cost and the dosing. So that would be an operational lessons learned where the scale and the design of the new organization makes that easier to do and the results speak for themselves. Another area maybe in the technology space, you know, we’ve talked about this for a number of years, but AI is really starting to take off in terms of being used in every part of the business.

And in the new organization, our supply chain team is set up a little bit differently and they’ve really been using AI in a neat way to glean more intelligence around how to approach certain negotiations. And so that will be an example as well. So all in all, we’re on track to deliver the 3 to 4 billion. I’m very confident in that. And this is overall OPEX reduction while we significantly grow. So we’ll keep you updated on the progress. Thanks for the question.

operator

Thank you. We’ll take our next question from Sam Margolin with Wells Fargo.

Sam Margolin

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe revisiting the Permian. You know, I think it was like 2H23 where you called out that productivity, well, productivity in the Permian on the operated side was inflecting higher and now two years later, it seems like we’re really seeing it flow through in capital efficiency. The question is, when you get this kind of momentum in short cycle capital efficiency, what does it do to your decision making process? I don’t want to spin you around on Permian Plateau, but just given the cost and productivity structure of your operation, that there it feels like it’s getting incrementally capital efficient to accelerate.

So just in the context of what you’re seeing performance wise, how do you feel about the Permian strategy?

Eimear Bonner

Hey, Sam, I’ll take this one. Yeah, well, what we’re seeing is exactly what we set out to achieve and that was to hold Permian at a million barrels a day. We’ve seen that for 3/4 and optimize on cash generation and we’re already seeing cash efficiency improve. We’re at $3.5 billion of CapEx already and that was Something that we thought that it was going to take us some time. But the team has just done a terrific job. Every aspect of the factory there has seen efficiency and improvement and now we’re taking that further given that our Sheehan type portfolio is together as part of the new organization in one business.

And so we’ll see that capital efficiency extend to the back end, extend to the DJ and extend to Argentina. You know, one data point I’d give you just to illustrate it clearly is drilling rig efficiency. And since 2022, you know, we’ve more than doubled our drilling efficiency from that point. And so we’re drilling the development areas for much less in terms of our decision making right now, no change to our decision making. I mean Permian plays a role in our portfolio. We’re focused on growing cash flow, not growing production and you know, the capital efficiency in the enables that so I just finished by emphasizing, you know, all of these actions are improving returns.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Sam.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Paul Chang with Scotiabank.

Paul Cheng

Hey guys. Good morning, May. Can you discuss how you see the opportunity set in two of the OPEC countries countries Libya and Iraq, where a lot of your competitors seems to be believe that the opportunity sets have much improved and making wave. We haven’t heard from Chevron. And also that comparing to your peers, your LNG size or portfolio size is much smaller and how that fit into your long term. Do you have a different view comparing your peer on the LNG business? Thank you, Paul.

Michael Wirth

A couple of questions there. I guess first of all you might have seen we recently signed an MOU in Libya. You know, we’re a little bit underweight relatively speaking Middle east versus some other parts of the world. And that’s been in the types of contracts and the terms have been on offer in the Middle east, broadly speaking for the last decade or more have not been very competitive versus some of our alternatives. And so you’ve had a lot of service type contracts and you know, in a world of limited human resources and limited capital resources, we need to deploy these to what we believe are the highest returns opportunities.

And it’s been tough for a lot of those to compete within our portfolio. So we’ve not gone into Iraq. It’s been a decade or more than since we’ve last really had any kind of a serious look at Libya. Those things are changing. And I think in part, you know, when we saw President Trump make a visit through the region earlier this year, we saw a notable uptick in inbound inquiries and a desire to engage not just in those two countries but in any number of other countries that would like to see American companies invest in their economies.

And so, you know, we, you know, the resource potential in some of these countries is undeniable. Iraq and Libya are two of the largest resource holders in the world. And so we’re engaged in discussions in both of those countries. They’ve been reported in the media to look at everything from existing producing fields and coming into those to operate and grow. Also looking at exploration opportunities as well. Improvements in fiscal terms have been critical. Pairing discovered resources with exploration opportunities make things more attractive. And so we need to see compelling value opportunities there if we’re going to invest.

We intend to stay disciplined on capital and seek the highest returns. My quick response on lng, Paul, I think I’ve spoken to this before is, you know, we’re a global player. We need to be in projects that compete and a lot of things that we’ve passed on around the world. Similarly to my comments about some of these Middle east opportunities, they also don’t deliver the returns that we, we’re looking for. And so we’ve got some US offtake where we don’t need to put capital to work because we have a large gas position, we’ve got a strong, you know, credit position and we can get attractive throughput rates and let somebody else deploy the capital into those businesses.

So we will have some LNG offtake from the US and you know, we’ll continue to look at opportunities we’re not opposed to adding, but it’s got to deliver competitive returns. Thanks for the question, Paul.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Steve Richardson with Evercore isi.

Stephen Richardson

Hi, thank you. I was wondering if we could maybe just dovetail on those, the comments just there on changing fiscal terms internationally and the opportunity. It just feels like you’ve positioned the company arguably really well to win in a low commodity price environment and with a ton of leverage to the upside, as your sensitivity suggests. So, so that’s it. But the opportunity set just keeps on getting bigger. We’re just talking about Venezuela, talking about some of these opportunities in the Middle East. You’ve got a revamped exploration program, so can you just follow up on that in terms of how do we think about maintaining that leverage to the upside while developing some of these future opportunities and how do you instill that discipline in the organization, if you could?

Michael Wirth

Yeah, Steve, I mean we’ve steadily worked to high grade our portfolio. We’ve looked to add very strong and competitive assets to our business and we have divested ourselves of positions that are not bad assets, but they fit better for somebody else than they do for us. And so in doing so, I think we’ve strengthened the company. You’ve seen our break even has come down. You see that, you know, we’re able to operate at lower cost because we’re actually in fewer positions that have more scale, they’ve got longevity. So we can apply technology to these assets and I think you can expect us to continue to do so.

We want to grow gradually over time, but demand for our products isn’t growing at an enormous rate. Demand for oil has grown arguably 1% a year, give or take. Gas is growing a bit more strongly than that. And so we’ve got volumetric growth a little bit above that last year, this year because we had some acquisitions and project startups. But over time we’ve got to grow cash flow and that’s the focus. We’ve got to drive breakevens down because we’re in a commodity business. We can never forget about that. And we’ve got to apply base business excellence to everything that we do.

So we’ve got to drive value out of these assets. We’ve got to work them better. I’ll give you Emer talked earlier about bringing all of our shale businesses together. As you look now at what we’re doing with the Permian, the dj, the Bakken and Argentina all as part of one organization. And I see people, practices, technology standards being shared across those businesses, we’re steadily driving the kind of improvement that Emer was addressing in her response to Sam across that entire portfolio. And so we consciously positioned the company, as you say, to have the resilience that I talked about.

I said we’re bigger, better and more resilient than ever. That means we can ride through the cycles in even better position than we could in the past. And we’ve got a balance sheet that provides ballast if you get into a long cycle. And we’ve got this track record of continually raising the dividend, steadily buying shares back through the cycle and being able to reinvest in the business to strengthen it over time. And that’s the playbook going forward.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Steve.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Bharaj Borkhotario with rbc.

Biraj Bokhataria

Hi, thanks for taking my question. Just a follow up on portfolio been touched on a couple of times, but we’ve seen a bunch of headlines on you maybe looking to sign deals in various countries. I was just wondering, is this a concerted step up in your efforts or is this largely initiated by resource rich countries and reverse inquiries and perspective there would be helpful. And one of the things just to note on is your portfolio has become more concentrated over time, which is good and bad depending on the situation. So I was wondering if that’s part of your thinking, looking to diversify and how you think about the portfolio there.

Thank you.

Michael Wirth

Yeah. Bharaj, so look, business development is part and parcel of what we do every day, week, month and year, year. There are times you’re in a pretty sparse environment in terms of opportunity and there’s times when it’s more target rich. What I would say is and this tends to kind of work on a long cycle sometimes what we see today are more attractive opportunities frankly than I think we’ve seen in the past. And I spoke to the Middle east so I won’t repeat that. But you know, we do see a lot of interest in that part of the world and it’s reflected in these more competitive fiscal terms.

And so I don’t think we’ve necessarily changed our appetite or our level of diligence and activity in the BD environment. We just see, you know, a more attractive suite of opportunities out there. We’ll continue to be very selective and pick and choose. I hear your comment about portfolio high grading and concentration if you will. At the core, you know, we run big things. Big. We like long, large positions that have lots of running room. We like to apply technology and base business excellence to drive value through those assets. When you’re in a position with a lot of smaller assets spread all over the world, your safety exposure, you’ve got a lot more surface area, area on safety, environmental issues, compliance issues, you just go down the list.

And so you deploy a lot of your great people to manage those things across assets that can be small and out there kind of in the tail of a portfolio. Having large positions where you can put your best people to work on assets that really matter is something that I believe is important. And so I recognize you could get too concentrated. I don’t believe that we are and as I mentioned earlier, we’re a little underweight in the Middle east which is an area we wouldn’t mind having some more exposure if we can find it in a competitive financial standpoint.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Bharaj.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Manav Gupta with ubs.

Manav Gupta

Good afternoon. You have a very strong refining portfolio and there are two tailwinds we see to that refining portfolio. One is your competitors closing capacity in California leaving you with one of the biggest footprints out there and above mid cycle margins. And second is the possibility of using some of those Venezuelan and heavy sour barrels in your refining systems, Gulf coast and other places. Can you talk a little bit about those two possible tailwinds to your refining margins? Thank you.

Michael Wirth

Yeah, Manav, thanks for bringing up something near and dear to my heart, the downstream business where I spent a lot of my career. First off, on where you ended on Venezuelan crude. We’ve been bringing about 50,000 barrels a day, give or take, into our Pascagoula, Mississippi refinery on the Gulf Coast. We can take another 100,000 barrels a day into our system both at Pascagoula and on the west coast where we’ve got coking capacity at El Segundo. So I think you should expect to see us, assuming it competes against alternatives, to be running more Venezuelan crude accrued in our system over time in California.

It’s an interesting situation. We have a very strong downstream position there. We’ve got scale, we’ve got complexity in terms of conversion capacity. We’ve got flexible crude sourcing, advanced logistics, a very strong retail brand to integrate the business. And, and so we’re as competitive as anybody and I would argue advantage really, versus the rest of the competitors. In California, you’re seeing some refineries close that is going to take capacity out of the system. And already, you know, we’ve got a market there that is geographically and logistically isolated. It’s isolated by specification as well. And as a result, California pays higher fuel prices than the rest of the country by simple market forces being at work there.

We’ve seen decades of what in my opinion has been, you know, poor energy policy making that has made it more difficult to invest. The irony is we have places in the world like Venezuela that are trying to become more attractive to investments as places like California. California enact policies to become less attractive to investment. All of that is unfortunate as someone who spent a lot of time in that state, but it highlights the need for policy that enables investment and for competitive terms and regulatory environment. And so we’ll see how things play out in California over time.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Manava.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Alistair Sim with Citi.

Biraj Bokhataria

Thanks very much. Reserve replacement this year obviously benefits from Hess, but you’re also taking on the new production and that means reserve life has dropped again and it’s now a lot lower than it was five to six years ago. The question is, how do you think about the suitability of this metric to your business? And really as a guide for investors in your business. Thank you.

Eimear Bonner

Hey Alistair, I’ll take this one. Yeah, I mean Triple R, our reserve replacement ratio in a business that has depletion is an important metric. It’s not the only metric that we look at when we think about the depth of our inventory or the quality of the portfolio. And last year, in addition to the triple R that was associated with the inorganic growth with closing Hess and bringing Guyana and backing into the portfolio, there are also some of that did come from organic adds as well. So extensions, discoveries and project sanctions. So it’s a blend of both.

Look, with rrr it can be lumpy. So some years, you know, you can get kind of a flurry of things happening at one time. So what we look at is we look at the one year but we also look at the longer term trends as well. We look at the competitive metrics too. And you know, when we take all of that into consideration, we had a great year in 2025 on Triple R and we lead the peer group in both 5 and 10 year. Thanks for the question.

operator

Thank you. We’ll take our next question from Jean Ann Salisbury with Bank of America.

Stephen Richardson

Hi, Good morning.

Eimear Bonner

You all had said at the Investor Day that you had started to test the chemical surfactants in other basins outside of the Permian. Have you gotten any early results back from the DJ or Bakken and do you anticipate that it’s going to work as well there? Yeah. Thanks. I’ll take this one. So we’ve been primarily focused on Permian and in fact we’ve increased the treatments from about 40% of the new wells being treated at the first half of 2025 to almost 85% will be treated this year. And we’re striving to hit 100% in 2027. So it has been more of a focus in the Permian.

And I just point out we’re testing our proprietary chemical technology, but we’re also testing the combination of that with other commercially available chemicals. So cocktails as such, we’re trying out different things depending on the development area. We showed in Investor Day some of our results. What I’d say is we’re now realizing 20% improvement in 10 month cumulative recovery on the new wells. So we have even more information than what we shared at sids. So we’re really excited and we expect that’s at least a 10% recovery uplift when we think about it over the full life of the whale.

What we’ve also learned is we can apply these technologies not only to the new whales, but the existing whales and what we’ve seen in almost 300 of the treatments that we’ve done in existing whales that we’ve arrested decline by 5 to 8%. So all in all, very encouraging. The programs to scale in other parts are underway, though we don’t have results that we can share with you today. We did do some treatments in Bakken in the fourth quarter. We expect to see some of that soon. We have pilots underway in the DJ and Argentina as well.

And so we’ll share the results. I mean, we published the results to verify, we give you the paper references so that you can see for yourself. But we will share all of that in due course. But we’re really, really excited. And what I would also say this is one technology program amongst a set of programs that’s really focusing on doubling shale and tight recovery. We’ve got a stimulation program that it’s very deep. We’ve also got an effort to leverage the unmatched data position we have around our shale and tight wells, using AI to glean insights into how to design wells, develop wells and increase recovery.

So very comprehensive. We anticipate we’ll have some results for you this year, but right now we’re just focused on getting the treatments out to those other shield and tight basins.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Jean Ann.

operator

We’ll take our next question from Betty Jean with Barclays. Good morning. This is a good follow up to Jean An’s question. Want to ask about the Bakken specifically since you’ve been there for a couple quarters now, how’s it performing relative to your expectations with the cross learning between the two teams? And how do you think about the Bakken position overall today?

Stephen Richardson

Yeah, thanks, Betty. Look, we’re pleased with the Bakken. We’re applying best practices, as Emer mentioned from other parts of our portfolio. We’re looking at things that Hess had been doing in Avakan to apply those in the dj, the Permian and Argentina. We’ve already optimized our development program to reduce capital spending, better utilize existing infrastructure, maximize value. We’ve moved from four rigs to three with a similar drilling output. We’ve optimized the workover fleet, renegotiated some of the key supplier contracts, working on advanced chemicals. With some optimism, we’re implementing long lateral development in 60% of the wells this year and up to 90% in 2027.

So driving value there. We’re going to, you know, Hess had a target and we will hold that to, you know, level it out around 200,000 barrels a day, plus or minus and really focus on cash flow. So similar to the way you’ve heard us talk about the DJ and the Permian, we think we can drive a lot of asset productivity, efficiency, technology and free cash flow growth in this asset as well.

operator

Thank you. We’ll take our next question from Jeff J. With Daniel Energy Partners.

Biraj Bokhataria

Hi guys. I was just really struck by the margin improvement sequentially in US Substream. And I know there’s a lot of moving parts, but it looks like realizations were down over $3 on a boe basis that costs the margin was actually up. And I guess I’m wondering if there’s a way you can help me understand how much of that are the structural cost savings or the and production optimization efforts you guys are doing and kind of what the pathway for that looks like going forward over the next year or so.

Michael Wirth

Yeah, Jeff, I’d point to a couple of things. Number one, you know, we’ve been bringing on new production in the Gulf of America. These are high margin barrels. And so when you bring that into the mix, you start to see the margin expand. Number two, as we’ve moved to plateau in the permit and I also mentioned the DJ and the Bakken, that’s 1.6 million barrels a day. As you start to drive efficiency and productivity and technology across that kind of a production base, you can see a real impact of that. The third contributor then are some of these structural reductions that we’re making in our organization in more efficient support of people, people to these businesses, consolidating all of our shale assets into one organization.

So I’d say there are multiple levers there. But your broader point is one that I think is important. I mentioned earlier that we’re in a relatively low growth. It’s a growth business, no doubt about it. But demand for energy globally grows gradually. We need to focus not only on growing volumes, in order to meet that demand, we’ve got to continually work on expanding margins. And that’s your value chain optimization through all these other things that I just talked about. And so margin expansion is something that in my background in the downstream, we worked hard to expand margins through things we can control.

You can do that in the upstream too. We’ve got people focused on that and we’re seeing the results as you point out.

Jake Spiering

Thanks, Jeff.

operator

Thank you. We’ll take our next question from Bob Brackett with Bernstein Research.

Paul Cheng

Good morning. A follow up around Venezuela. You’ve mentioned bringing Venezuela heavy into Gulf coast refineries and having some capacity on the West Coast. Do you have a sense of how much heavy from Venezuela could be absorbed by the US without impacting heavy light depths or without backing up Canadian heavy?

Michael Wirth

You know Bob, good analysts do great work on that. You know, markets are wonderful things. And what’s going to happen as you bring more of these barrels in, as you say, you’re going to kind of back out what’s currently feeding the system. They’re going to redistribute around the world and kind of a new equilibrium will establish and light heavies will reflect that, flows will reflect that. I don’t have a simple rule of thumb I can give you or a kind of a simple way to describe that. I’m pretty sure you can get down into the details and model that better than I’m going to be able to describe it to you.

But you’re right, it’s going to shift these things around.

operator

Thank you. We’ll take our next question from Philip Junworth with bml.

Devin McDermott

Thanks. Good morning. On chemicals, you made no secret about. Wanting to get bigger in this area. Obviously you need a willing buyer and. Seller price that we works. Plus it’s tough to do deals at. The bottom of the cycle. But the question is, how do you. View the benefits to Chevron of owning. More of CP Chem? Are there things you could do differently. Versus the current JV structure, whether it’s operational or strategic? And are there other avenues to get. Larger in pet chems beyond this?

Michael Wirth

Yeah. So look, CP Chem is a well run company and I want to give them full credit, credit. And it’s been a well run company for a long time. We’ve been very pleased with our investment in that company. We’ve been pleased with our relationship with our partner and it’s been a good, it’s been a good vehicle for us. We think the long term outlook for chemicals is positive. We’re in a tough part of the cycle right now but with the growing middle class and a growing global population, the products that CP chemistry needs are increasingly going to be in demand around the world.

We’ve got a couple of projects underway that will be highly competitive. When they come on next year. We’ll see how this cycle plays out. I think it’s still got some time to go. We would like more exposure to the sector but you know, as you say, you got to have two people that want to do a deal. Are there other ways we could do things? Yes, we can look at things. I’d remind you, we all. We also have a very large aromatics position in North Asia at GS Caltex, one of the largest aromatics plants on the Earth.

And so we’ll look for the right ways to increase our exposure to petrochemicals over time.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Phil.

operator

Thank you. We’ll take our next question from Paul Sanke with Sankey Research.

Unidentified Participant

Morning, all. Mike, good to hear that you’re not. Modelling the heavy light spread constantly. Mike, if I could ask you a couple of specifics on Kazakhstan, which you’ve already referenced, but was the power out. Was the power outage what caused that? Was, Was that just an upset? And secondly, the specifics of the loading, was that owing to military activity?

Michael Wirth

I guess, yeah. So look, the investigation is ongoing on the power outage and know, I don’t, I don’t want to speculate on it. The team’s gathering new information each day. We’ve got our subject matter experts from in country, from outside of country. We’ve got OEMs from all the various vendors that we work with involved in this, and they’re making good progress, but I’m not going to comment on it at all. I think it’s a mechanical issue, I can say that. But beyond that, I don’t want to say anything more. It’s not a sabotage or cybersecurity or anything like that.

On the loading berth, it’s been well publicized. There’s three offshore single point moorings at the Nova Rosinsk terminal or offshore at Nova Resisk. One of those was out for maintenance. Two were in service. One of those two was hit by a submarine drone back in December as part of the military activity in the Black Sea. So that’s what took CPC down to one loading berth. It is. You know, we’re back up to two loading berths now, and there’s a third one that is slated for some big maintenance work and we’ll be back later this year.

Historically, the Caspian pipeline and that terminal have been very, very reliable. And I think if you look at it, the fullness of time, the uptime and the reliability record has been very good. Notwithstanding that, when it’s, you know, when you’re pinched back like that, it’s frustrating. And a lot of people have been working very hard at TCO and all the shareholders at CPC to address these issues.

Jake Spiering

Thank you, Paul.

operator

Thank you. We will take our final question from Jason Gabelman with TD Cowan.

Unidentified Participant

Yeah, hey, thanks for taking my question. I wanted to ask about the balance sheet as it relates to M and A. You know, in the past you funded acquisitions primarily through shares, and there are some assets on the market in Kazakhstan, that can make sense to acquire, though it seems like maybe that acquisition would need to be funded by cash instead of stock. So with that in mind, and maybe in a broader sense, how do you view using cash to fund acquisitions, you know, not of the Hess size, but of some of a smaller size like Reggie and Noble, versus using equity, given the current balance sheet and kind of related to that, I noted that on the front of the earnings release, you put debt to cash flow instead of net debt to cap.

It looks like that’s maybe a preferred debt metric. Is that so? And if so, why the change? Thanks.

Michael Wirth

Yeah, Jason, let me talk about transactions and I’ll let Imer talk about ratios and metrics. When we do a deal, you’re negotiating with a counterparty and the consideration is part of the negotiation. And there are times when your counterparty prefers cash, there’s times when they prefer equity, there’s times when they may want to mix. And so that’s a matter of negotiation on large scale. M and A in our sector, where you can have a long time between deal signing and close, that is a deal we just closed after a pretty long cycle using equity hedges, commodity price risk on both sides of the transaction.

And if you enter into a deal in one commodity price environment and you close it in another, and you’ve got a lot of cash in the deal, you can find out that you find yourself where one party feels like the deal got a lot better for them and the other feels like it got a lot worse. And so equity in transactions like that tend to be preferred by both counterparties because it’s a way to hedge out some of the commodity price risk. Smaller deals that close for faster and are of a different nature. You can find cash is preferable.

And so we look, we’ll work with whatever consideration makes sense in a negotiation. We’re flexible and you know, we’ve bought things with cash over the last many years and we’ve done equity deals. So it really depends circumstances. Emer, do you want to talk about metrics?

Eimear Bonner

Yeah, There’s a number of metrics out there to look at the debt ratios. And so what we’ve done here is we’ve just moved towards what our rating agencies look at and what many of you look at in terms of ratios. So we’re just trying to be consistent. I mean, we still look at net debt ratio, but overall the message is our balance sheet is in really good, really good shape and we’re in a position of strength. Thanks for the question.

Jake Spiering

I would like to thank everyone for your time to today. We appreciate your interest in Chevron and your participation on today’s call. Please stay safe and healthy. Katie, back to you.

operator

Thank you. This concludes Chevron’s fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. You may now disconnect.