Cintas Corporation (NASDAQ: CTAS) Q3 2023 earnings call dated Mar. 29, 2023
Corporate Participants:
Paul F. Adler — Vice President, Treasurer and Investor Relations
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Manav Patnaik — Barclays — Analyst
Andrew Steinerman — J.P. Morgan Securities — Analyst
Faiza Alwy — Deutsche Bank Securities — Analyst
George Tong — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Hans Hoffman — Jefferies — Analyst
Andrew Wittmann — Robert W. Baird — Analyst
Sam Nelson — William Blair — Analyst
Seth Weber — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Heather Balsky — Bank of America — Analyst
Toni Kaplan — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Shlomo Rosenbaum — Stifel — Analyst
Scott Schneeberger — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Cintas Corporation announce its Fiscal 2023 Third Quarter Earnings Release Conference Call. Today’s call is being recorded.
At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Mr. Paul Adler, Vice President, Treasurer and Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Paul F. Adler — Vice President, Treasurer and Investor Relations
Thank you, Ross, and thank you for joining us. With me as is Todd Schneider, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mike Hansen, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. We will discuss our fiscal 2023 third quarter results. After our commentary, we will open the call to questions from analysts.
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a Safe Harbor from civil litigation for forward-looking statements. This conference call contains forward-looking statements that reflect the company’s current views as to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those we may discuss. I refer you to the discussion on these points contained in our most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
I’ll now turn the call over to Todd.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Paul. Third quarter total revenue grew 11.7% to $2.19 billion. Each of our businesses continue to execute at a high level. The benefit of our strong revenue growth flowed through to our bottom line. Excluding the gain and the related tax benefit in last year’s third quarter, operating income margin increased 110 basis points to 20.4%, and diluted EPS grew 16.7% to $3.14. I thank our employees, whom we call partners for their continued focus on our customers, our shareholders and each other.
The Uniform Rental and Facility Services operating segment revenue for the third quarter of fiscal ’23 was $1.72 billion compared to $1.55 billion last year. The organic revenue growth rate was 10.8%. While price increases had a higher level than historically, revenue growth was driven mostly from increased volume. Our sales force continues to add new customers and penetrate and cross-sell our existing customer base. Businesses prioritize, all we provide including image, safety, cleanliness, and compliance.
Our First Aid and Safety Services operating segment revenue for the third quarter was $231.6 million compared to $213 million last year. The organic revenue growth rate was 7.8%. The segment was up against a difficult revenue comparison because last year’s third quarter revenue included about $15 million in sales of COVID-19 test kits that did not repeat this year. Excluding the prior year test kit sales, the organic revenue growth rate was 16%. We continue to have good momentum in our First Aid Cabinet business, which continues to grow greater than 20%. Health and safety of employees remains top-of-mind. We provide businesses with access to quick and effective products and services that promote health and well-being in the workplace.
Our Fire Protection Services and Uniform Direct Sale businesses are reported in the all other segment. All Other revenue was $242.2 million compared to $194.3 million last year. The Fire business revenue was $155.8 million and the organic revenue growth rate was 20.7%. Uniform Direct Sale business revenue was $86.5 million and the organic growth rate was 32%.
Now, before turning the call over to Mike to provide details of our third quarter results, I’ll provide our updated financial expectations for our fiscal year. We are increasing our financial guidance. We are raising our annual revenue expectations from a range of $8.67 billion to $8.75 billion to a range of $8.74 billion to $8.80 billion. The total growth rate are of 11.3% to 12%. Also, we are raising our annual diluted EPS expectations from a range of $12.50 to $12.80 to a range of $12.70 to $12.90, a growth rate of 12.6% to 14.4%. Mike?
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Todd, and good morning. Our fiscal 2023 third quarter revenue was $2.19 billion compared to $1.96 billion last year. The organic revenue growth rate adjusted for acquisitions and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations was 11.8%. Gross margin for the third quarter of fiscal ’23 was $1 billion compared to $898.2 million last year, an increase of 15.1%.
Gross margin as a percent of revenue was 47.2% for the third quarter of fiscal ’23 compared to 45.8% last year, an increase of 140 basis points. Energy expenses comprised of gasoline, natural gas and electricity were a tailwind, decreasing 15 basis points from last year. Strong volume growth from new customers and the penetration of existing customers with more products and services help generate great operating leverage. Gross margin percentage by business was 47.1% for Uniform Rental and Facility Services, 51.6% for First Aid and Safety Services, 48.5% for Fire Protection Services, and 35.8% for Uniform Direct Sale.
Operating income of $446.8 million compared to $407.6 million last year. Operating income as a percentage of revenue was 20.4% in the third quarter of fiscal ’23 compared to 20.8% in last year’s third quarter. Fiscal ’22 third quarter operating income included a $30.2 million gain on an equity-method investment transaction. The gain was recorded in selling and administrative expenses. Excluding this gain, fiscal ’23 third quarter operating income as a percentage of revenue was 20.4% compared to 19.3% in last year’s third quarter, an increase of 110 basis points.
Our effective tax rate for the third quarter was 22.1% compared to 18.2% last year. The fiscal ’22 third quarter equity-method investment transaction included a significant tax benefit. Excluding the transaction, the effective tax rate for the third-quarter of fiscal ’22 was 19.6%. Net income for the third quarter was $325.8 million compared to $315.4 million last year. This year’s third quarter diluted EPS of $3.14 compared to $2.97 last year. However, fiscal ’22 third quarter diluted EPS contained $0.28 from the gain on the equity-method investment transaction, which included a related 7% tax rate benefit. Excluding this gain and the related benefit — related tax benefit, fiscal ’23 third quarter diluted EPS of $3.14 compared to $2.69 in last year’s third quarter, an increase of 16.7%.
Cash-flow remained strong. On December 15, 2022, we paid shareholders $117.4 million in quarterly dividends, an increase of 18.6% from the amount paid the previous December. Todd provided our annual financial guidance related to the guidance. Please note the following. Fiscal ’22 included a gain on sale of operating assets in the first quarter and a gain on an equity-method investment in the third quarter. Excluding these items, fiscal ’22 operating income was $1.55 billion, a margin of 19.7% and diluted EPS was $11.28. Please see the table in our earnings press release for more information.
Fiscal ’23 operating income is expected to be in the range of $1.77 billion to $1.80 billion compared to $1.55 billion in fiscal ’22 after excluding the gains. Fiscal ’23 interest expense is expected to be $112 million compared to $88.8 million in fiscal ’22 due in-part to higher interest rates. Our fiscal ’23 effective tax rate is expected to be 20.7%. This compares to a rate of 17.9% in fiscal ’22 after excluding the gains and their related tax impacts. Our financial guidance does not include the impact of any future share buybacks and we remain in a dynamic environment that can continue to change. Our guidance contemplates a stable economy, and excludes significant economic disruptions or downturns.
I’ll turn it back over to Paul.
Paul F. Adler — Vice President, Treasurer and Investor Relations
And that concludes our prepared remarks. Now we are happy to answer questions from the analysts. Please ask just one question and a single follow-up if needed. Thank you.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from Manav Patnaik from Barclays. Please go ahead, Manav.
Manav Patnaik — Barclays — Analyst
Thank you. Good morning. I was just hoping if you could talk about — clearly you had strong results in the quarter [Indecipherable] all the trends that you’re hearing from your customers were solid, but have you seen any changes more recently with all the events that have occurred out there in the banking world and if that’s impacting kind of the small business confidence where you guys have more kind of exposure to?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Manav. Thanks for the question. It is — we’re watching it very closely. Certainly, there is rumblings when you read the newspapers every day and what’s going on in the marketplace. But our customers seem still quite solid and it’s always a very competitive marketplace and we’re competing quite well there. They like our products and services and we help them run their business better, so — and free them up to take care of items to where they can focus on their business.
So, we like our value proposition and — but we certainly prefer an environment where our customers are in a great strong economy. But we’re not seeing it just yet, but we’re certainly watching it very closely and monitoring it and making sure that we’re focused on providing great value for our customers.
Manav Patnaik — Barclays — Analyst
Got it. And then just as a follow-up, the growth has obviously been pretty strong — better than I think what you were expecting too and you said most of that growth was mostly volume. And so I was just wondering on the volume piece, is that you’re taking maybe more share than normal or is it just that these businesses are starting to get back to more normal capacity and so there’s more of that volume recovery that’s heating that?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, it’s a good question. There is a whole lot of inputs to our success in growing our revenue at the levels that we’re growing and it is exceeding our expectations. Certainly, new business is quite good. We really like that. Our retention levels are very attractive Cross-sell that we’ve spoken about in the past is continuing to improve. And as we mentioned, pricing is above historical. But the volumes are really coming from three areas that I mentioned. Keep in mind, the majority of the new accounts that we sell are new to our segment, meaning that we call no programmers. So we’re growing the pie, not taking — just taking share. We certainly love to do both, but — but growing the pie has been something that we are quite good at and have done consistently over the years and we still — we think the future is quite bright there.
Operator
And our next question comes from Andrew Steinerman from J.P. Morgan Securities. Please go ahead, Andrew.
Andrew Steinerman — J.P. Morgan Securities — Analyst
Hi. With just one quarter left in the fiscal year, I just wanted to ask what the organic revenue growth year-over-year for the fourth quarter of ’23 is implied in the upgraded fiscal ’23 guide?
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Andrew, the fourth quarter guide would contemplate 6.5% to 9.5% revenue growth, but keep in mind we’ve talked a lot about the direct sale business, which grew 32% in the third quarter and it is coming up against tougher comps, and so we just don’t see that kind of growth continuing and settling back into, what we’ve — what we would say is a typical growth rate for Uniform Direct Sale in that low-single digits. So that’s the primary change that we see in the fourth quarter.
Andrew Steinerman — J.P. Morgan Securities — Analyst
Right, and except for the rental business you’re expecting a similar growth rate in the fourth quarter than you had in the third?
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, I’ll say this. Todd, just talked about the — that we haven’t seen much change in customer behavior and the demand has still been really good and the momentum in the rental business is good. And while I’m not ready to say we’re guiding to a specific number, we don’t see much change to it coming into the fourth quarter. Momentum still is strong.
Operator
And our next question from Faiza Alwy from Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead, Faiza.
Faiza Alwy — Deutsche Bank Securities — Analyst
Yes, hi, good morning. I was hoping to talk a little bit about — you’ve historically seen your results have accelerated beyond what those would suggests and you’ve talked about new verticals and benefits, that is the implementation. So curious, how much more runway do you see in both of those areas as we look ahead to next fiscal year and potentially [Technical Issues]
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Faiza, I’ll start and then Mike can certainly chime in. As far as — our results are quite good. We usually do grow in multiples of GDP and — but we like where we are and where we’re heading. Regarding SAP, we’re very much in the early innings of SAP. That is the umbrella of our technology investment or the digitization of our business. And we went through all the implementation, which we are still — there’s always work to be done there. But nevertheless, we’re seeing benefits from our technology investments. Our customers are seeing benefits from our technology investments and we certainly love when we derive efficiencies from technology, but we get even more excited when our customers see benefits, giving us a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
So, we’ve talked in the past about the — there are certain advantages that we get with technology investments, My Cintas portal is one of the — were obvious ones that the customers see an advantage. They get to be able to manage their account, they can make request. The majority of our request are done outside of normal business hours, so our customers don’t always just want to be able to deal with our service provider in-person or call our office during normal business hours. So they like to be able to the flexibility to do business on their time and to get things off their list and move it onto ours, and that portal allows that flexibility for them and it’s showing up in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. So we very much on the early innings of our technology deployment. I can certainly speak more to that if you like.
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
But before you get into that, Todd, I just might remind — provide a reminder that, look we love the market opportunity also for our business and it is a — it’s a — we look at it is a very-very big opportunity. So in other words, when we talk about, we have a little bit over 1 million customers. There are 16 million customers — or 16 million businesses in the US and Canada.
We’re just continuing to try to highlight that there is a great market opportunity, and Todd brought up the point that when the majority of our new business is expanding the served market or tapping into that large market potential, it means that we can grow in those multiples of GDP and employment growth for a long period of time. I think it’s important to keep that in mind as you think about the growth potential over the longer term. The market opportunity is great.
Faiza Alwy — Deutsche Bank Securities — Analyst
Great. That really helpful. Maybe on the — I mean I would love to hear more about the technology. So I’ll leave it up to you in terms of how much more you’d like to share, but maybe specifically on the healthcare vertical. Could you talk about what the growth trend has been like there? What they were like this particular quarter and sort of how they’ve been trending?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Certainly. The healthcare businesses is a great vertical for us. We have spent years organizing appropriately around that with our service providers, our sales provider — sales Partners. And we’ve organized around products and services that they find attractive and so a good example of that is. Well, let me backup. So, our growth rates are very attractive there. They are in excess of where we’re running in totality and they’re primarily due to what I just described, but also some specific products that we have launched and we’ve spoken a little bit about the scrub business.
The scrub business historically was not a real attractive business for us, but, and the reason being it was low-quality products, heavy — low-margin and just they were kind of not treated as a disposable, but pretty close to a disposable product and we changed the game on that when we launched our garment dispensing service there, which controls the inventory levels for our customers and here’s the big thing is it, what is — because the technology controls it and only allows what the administrator of the hospital says each person can get.
Then what allows us to do is provide a higher-quality product, and, but not be dealing with such low-cost, low-margin products. The customers happier. We control the cost so much better because the inventory is controlled. So that’s a great example of one of the innovations that we brought to the healthcare industry. That certainly is a technology that people value and it’s helping us grow that business really attractively, and we’re still very much in the early innings of that. So hopefully that gives you a little more color.
Operator
And our next question comes from George Tong from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead, George.
George Tong — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Hi, thanks, good morning. I wanted to dive a little bit more into the selling environment. Can you discuss what you’re seeing with client sales cycles, budgets and client headcount and what the implications are for the business?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks for the question, George. I would say that the selling environment is very similar. It’s not really changed much. Sales cycles, they’re not elongating. What’s going on with our customers, there’s still fighting for to bring people on to make sure that are providing the right levels of service. In these types of environments, we help provide value to them. We provide a benefit to to them running their business. And in many cases, we’re able to help customers save money from what they were doing.
So, I spoke earlier about — when you walk into a customer and they are not a programmer, what they still have products and probably that they procured on their own kind of a do-it-yourself. And they’re struggling to keep up with that and in many cases because of our scale and our ability to source products. And the fact that we are already there servicing them in many cases, we can provide great value for them and actually help lower their costs, so — and we’ve seen that throughout the years, and that’s a real benefit as we go through trying to provide value for our customers. So yeah, so, but generally speaking, George, I would say the selling environment is pretty similar, not a whole lot of change over the past six months’ or so.
George Tong — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Got it. That’s helpful. As a follow-up, you increased your full year guidance pretty much across the board. How much of that increase was driven by fiscal 3Q outperformance versus your internal expectations compared to a stronger fiscal 4Q outlook?
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
George, I don’t know if I can specifically separate the guidance raise. But clearly, we had a nice third quarter and the performance was strong from the organic growth to the gross margins to the operating margins, so a pretty — a pretty solid quarter all the way through, and our guide for Q4 would suggest we expect more of the same. So the guide would suggest we expect another nice quarter. Hard to separate though for us exactly what the difference is because our internal expectations are a little bit different than our external, I’ll cede consensus and guide, so
Operator
And our next question comes from Stephanie Moore from Jefferies. Please go ahead, Stephanie.
Hans Hoffman — Jefferies — Analyst
Hi, this is Hans Hoffman on for Stephanie. Thanks for taking my question. Just wanted to ask on margins, specifically the First Aid and Safety gross margin. Obviously, really strong and it was 52%. Is that just a function of kind of lower margin PPE sales rolling-off and a higher-margin cabinet business kind of becoming a larger part of the mix? Or is there anything else kind of to call-out our performance there, and how should we be thinking about margins in that business on a go-forward basis?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Hans, it’s good question, and good morning. The — certainly, we’re very happy with the trends that we’re seeing in the gross margin in the First Aid business. But we’re very happy in general with the First Aid business. It is — execution is at a very high level. Certainly, the mix of business is we’re benefiting from since PPE sales and Safety sales tend to be lower-margin, but there is strong demand for what we are providing, health and wellness is resonating in the marketplace. The mantra that we have in that business is what’s more important to our business and the health and safety of their people, so — and that is resonating. And so we’re getting good leverage from the growth and in the mix, but strong execution and we really like how we’re operating in that business.
Hans Hoffman — Jefferies — Analyst
Got it. Thanks. And then just for my follow-up. I wanted to ask on the All Other segment, clearly really strong growth there in the quarter and I know last quarter you guys kind of talked about tougher comps, specifically in the Uniform Direct business in the second-half of this year. I was just kind of curious what kind of drove the strong performance this quarter? As I think a lot of us kind of expected that to kind of show-up in Q3.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, it’s certainly the comps are in Q4 are quite challenging. And as Mike mentioned, we do expect that to moderate. The Uniform Direct Sale businesses a little lumpier and sometimes things come through based upon customer demand a little faster or what have you, but certainly the comps in Q4 are tougher and that’s as part of our guide.
Operator
And our next question comes from Andrew Wittmann from RW Baird. Please go ahead, Andrew.
Andrew Wittmann — Robert W. Baird — Analyst
Hi, yeah, great, thanks, and good morning everyone. I guess, I was hoping, Mike, you could talk a little bit about some of the relevant inflationary factors that are driving so much. The stress in the overall economy, but specific to your business, I was wondering if you talk about basically the COGS or merchandise costs, whether it’s for uniforms, mats, or the ancillary services that you provide, as well as address how labor is progressing in your business. Have those things generally been — have you been able to get leverage on those items despite the challenges? In other words, are those down as a percentage of revenue in the quarter? Can you just talk about the trend lines that you’re seeing in those, if there is any moderation or acceleration in them?
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure, so I’ll start with material cost, Andrew. Let me start with — we source or direct sourcing of more than 90% of our volume and more than 90% of our items have more than one source, and that’s really important to keep in mind so that when our vendors may have inflationary pressures on them, the thing to remember is we have choices. And so sometimes that means we do have to take increases, but many times it means we have — we can flex and we can negotiate and we can — again we have choices. And so we don’t always have to accept every vendor price increase that comes our way when we direct sourcing ourselves and when we have multiple sources. That’s really important.
The other thing is, obviously, the amortization of this bucket of expenses allows us to see ahead, to anticipate what’s coming. So as you can imagine, when a vendor does come to us and has a price increase, that it takes a while to first of all, build the inventory and then it goes to our distribution centers and after a turn, it comes into our rental locations and that’s where the amortization starts, and in month one we have 118th of that inflation for garments, for example, 148th of that for entrance mats.
And so you can kind of get a feel for. It takes a long-time for those inflationary pressures to come to us. That means, we can do lots of planning. We can think about initiatives that we have going on and we can accelerate some of those. We can think about process improvement and we can implement those. But we can also get in at least one annual price increase and maybe multiple price increases before that full inflation hits us, so we can really get ahead of that kind of cost.
So we have choices and we can really see ahead of that and that gives us really nice opportunity to plan the business without a lot of disruption. The other thing I’ll say, Andrew, is we’ve got a lot of infrastructure. We’ve got a lot of facilities and trucks and things and rents, and those aren’t quite as disrupted by inflation or at least immediately. And so again, we can get with our great growth. We can get to really nice leverage on that part of our cost structure.
And then when you think about labor that you touched on, Andrew. We certainly want to make sure that we are maintaining the absolute best partner engagement that we can and that means, we like to be at market or slightly above market rates. That’s important for us in terms of the labor rates. But, we’ve talked about — we’ve had a couple of things happen over the course of the last five or six years. One is, we had a lot of G&K synergies being realized over the course of the last six years and that allowed us to be a little bit more aggressive on raising rates. So we were never caught flat-footed in terms of when the labor challenges hit.
That was — that’s been important to us and it’s been — it’s allowed us to kind of keep disruption down. But the other thing is, we’ve talked a lot about initiatives like smart truck, and we talked a lot about the technology impacts in our facilities that allow us to be more efficient. So that means as we are growing, we don’t need to add as many resources within the plants or on the routes, and that allows us to leverage that labor environment even in this period of time where we’ve got raising labor rates.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Mike, if I can add. Andrew, certainly, in this type of inflationary environment it’s challenging to grow gross margin. We’ve been quite successful in doing so. Getting good leverage on that revenue has been key for us, but managing our variable cost, it’s — that is just simply part of our culture, managing it very-very closely. So that’s been big. But to Mike’s point, in leveraging some of our digital transformation, smart truck has been very important to us.
And then also managing our inventory at our used stockrooms has been really important, and we have good systems in place there that allows us to get better reuse, which is better for the customer because the speed at which we can provide products goes up because it’s right there available locally, don’t have to get it from a distribution center and ship it into us, and it also obviously helps the amortization schedule when you can get better reuse of that current product that you’re already paying for. So the leverage that we’re getting as a result of the systems and processes we put in place with technology are paying off.
Andrew Wittmann — Robert W. Baird — Analyst
Great, that’s helpful. I guess, just for my follow-up. I wanted to ask about, I guess the balance sheet, Mike. I mean, in the next quarter or two you’ll be at about 1 times leverage, which is on the lower-end of where you’ve historically run the company. And with the company doing effectively $2.2 billion of EBITDA and growing and cash flow being very strong, you’re going to have not only the ability to leverage the balance sheet plus the cash coming in, that’s a lot of capital to deploy. How do you deploy that capital in a world where we haven’t seen that amount of capital being — having been deployed, really since you guys to G&K, like you said, six years ago. How do you keep the balance sheet geared appropriately? And what are the opportunities that are out there for you?
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, the first thing that I’ll say is the most important thing for us is to make sure that we’re investing in the right way for a long-term success of the business. And so we want to make sure that we are growing capacity as needed with our growth that we’re training our partners, that we’re doing the things that we need to do to continue to grow long-term.
We are still — we still want to be very acquisitive. It’s hard to pinpoint when those may or may not happen, but we want to continue to be acquisitive. We talked about the dividend a little bit, in that we’ve raised it almost 20% this past year. And certainly while we didn’t do any buybacks in the last quarter, that remains an opportunity for us as we look forward. Andy, we want to make sure that we are prudent in the way that we invest our cash. And so sometimes that means we may take a little bit longer to deploy cash, but we want to make sure more than anything. Job number one is long-term growth of the business, both on the top line and on the bottom line and are we doing the right things in order to make that happen, and then prudently look for ways to enhance that.
Operator
And our next question comes from Tim Mulrooney from William Blair. Please go ahead, Tim.
Sam Nelson — William Blair — Analyst
Hey, this is Sam Nelson on for Tim. Thanks for taking my questions here. I guess to start on the margin side. Lower energy cost were a 15 basis point benefit during the quarter. I’d imagine this dynamic is going to continue for the next few quarters. So I was wondering if you could help frame for us the pacing and size of any benefit you’re expecting. If you have any color to provide there?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, certainly, Sam, we watch the LNG prices very closely, fuel — fuel as in diesel and gasoline hasn’t — hasn’t changed that much a year over prior. Natural gas, we are watching and we expect that that will be a benefit in the near future. And electricity doesn’t change a whole lot. So I wouldn’t say that you can count on a significant tailwind there. We are certainly not. When you think about energy as a percent to sales, I think we came in at 2.15% energy as a percent to sales. So we like where they’re coming down and we manage it as they are going up. But I wouldn’t expect a real change there.
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, just to frame it a little bit, Sam. Last year in the fourth quarter, our total energy was 2.5% of revenue. In the first quarter it was 2.4%. This time it was 2.15. So, we may see a little bit of a benefit in Q4 and Q1, but boy, we’ve worked so hard to get this to be such a small part of our cost structure that — that I’m not sure the benefit is going to be that significant one way or the other.
Sam Nelson — William Blair — Analyst
Got you. I appreciate the color there. I guess for the follow-up, you’ve spoken before about smart truck and I think you just mentioned the question previously after the routing software. Now that’s been over the years since kind of first rolling out, I guess I’d be curious if you could help quantify its benefit to your margins? And if you still think there is a sizable benefit remaining there from further iterations or adoption?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, good question, Sam. We absolutely see opportunities still to come with smart truck. One of the things that we are very careful about is — it’s when you route a new customer, that’s one thing. But when you are rerouting your existing customer base, we’re very judicious about that because changing the face of the service provider can sometimes bring issues, meaning, they love their service provider and now you change it. So you got to be really careful with that. So, you’re going to see — I would expect benefits in that area for years to come and that shows up in LNG, in emissions, but it shows up also in productivity because our partners have more time to spend with the customers and they can provide more value to the customers. And as one of the things we talk often about here is, we don’t generate any revenue when the wheels are moving, it’s only when the wheel stop. So we’re very focused on that, but you’re going to see it, I think for years to come.
Operator
And our next question comes from Seth Weber from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead, Seth.
Seth Weber — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Hey, guys, good morning. Hey, Mike, I just wanted to ask about free cash flow. It was a little bit below what we were looking for in the quarter. Is that — do you feel like just a transitory function of revenue growth ramping a little bit better and you’re just kind of getting a little bit behind on working capital? Or can you just talk us through how you’re thinking about working capital going forward? Thanks.
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, I say free cash flow, I think your point is a good one from the perspective of, it’s a little bit transitory, but in the way of — look, we’re coming off of a fiscal ’21 year where there wasn’t a lot of growth and then really getting some nice acceleration into fiscal ’22 and ’23. And so there is a little bit of, as we have used capacity through the pandemic, we’ve gotten back into a time period where we need some capacity here and there and we’ve been really good at managing the capacity in many different ways, whether it is, for example, better efficiency in our existing wash alleys to adding a washer, to adding a dryer, to maybe then adding a new facility. But we’ve gotten to the point where it’s time to add capacity again and that’s healthy. But I would call that — there is a little bit of a mismatch there that we’re catching up a bit from that.
Having said that, look we still expect free cash flow to be very-very strong. And whenever we are growing nicely, we’re going to use some working capital, that’s just the nature of our business. And that’s a good thing. But you’re right, there’s a little bit of a catch up in our capital expenditures. And we’ll start to, I’ll say, those will get more in sync as we go into the next year and following years, assuming there is no other economic disruption.
Seth Weber — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Okay, that’s helpful. So do you think capex could go back to that 4% of revenue range where you kind of were towards the end of- he last decade or — and then it to like 2% a couple of years ago. I’m just trying to understand, where…
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, it’s going to be closed. We certainly don’t expect it to be down at that 2% level. It’s going to be closer to that 4% level as we think about moving forward.
Operator
And your next question comes from Heather Balsky from Bank of America. Please go ahead, Heather.
Heather Balsky — Bank of America — Analyst
Hi, thank you. You talked a fair amount during the call about your success with new customers and that a lot of them are, what you call non-programmers. And I think a key theme that’s been discussed on multiple calls is the shift to outsourcing and an acceleration kind of in that trend. I’m just curious as you kind of look to what happened in the third quarter. And as you’re looking out, kind of your thoughts on how that trend continues? Do you see it normalizing? Or do you think there’s further momentum into the next few years? Thanks.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Good morning, Heather. Yeah, I’d say that trend continues. There’s still people — our customers still are — they’re still attending job openings. Folks trying to attract talent, and trying to run their business and provide the levels of service that their customers expect. And when we have the ability to outsource items for them at very competitive rates. And again, many cases because we’re already there. Then that makes it quite attractive and it’s one of these, like, oh my gosh, you can take this off my plate, then please take it, take it off my plate. And we leverage that and we’ll continue to leverage that. So economic cycle aside, customers still need to take care of their customers and we can help them do exactly that. So we’ll be focused on providing that value and managing our cost structure so that we can do it at very competitive rates.
Heather Balsky — Bank of America — Analyst
All right. Thank you. And I guess as my follow-up, you discussed earlier that you are looking for M&A opportunities although you don’t know kind of when those might occur. I’m curious, can you talk about your priorities with regards to M&A? Are there white space areas you want to fill in? Is it geographic opportunities? Just what are your priorities? Thanks.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Good question, Heather. So, we’re interested in M&A, certainly in our Rental business, in our First Aid business and our Fire business. And we make acquisitions every year, every quarter. It seems in each of those businesses, but they’re usually reasonably small. Some of them are geographic expansion, some of them are tuck-in, so it’s a real mixture. And M&A tends to ebb and flow a bit. It’s tough to predict timing. But we’re interested in M&A, and all those businesses they have to be the right businesses, meaning, well-run businesses, but large, medium, small, we are interested in all in each of those businesses.
Operator
And our next question comes from Toni Kaplan from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead, Toni.
Toni Kaplan — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Thanks so much. Wanted to ask about your staffing right now. Are you being more cautious now because of the environment or not because I know you mentioned you haven’t really seen a slowdown yet in your customer base, so maybe nothing really changed. So just wanted to think about how you’re thinking of staffing going forward?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Toni, we’re — we like our staffing levels today. The labor market in general is easier than it was six months ago. It’s certainly not easy still. And so we’re focused on staffing at the levels to make sure that we provide really good customer service, and so that’s where we are. We will adjust accordingly if the economic cycle changes and we’re watching it really closely, as you can imagine to make sure that we’re providing the right service, the right value to our customers. But we certainly have a watchful eye out to understand if demand starts to change based upon what’s going on in the broader economy.
Toni Kaplan — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Terrific. And I wanted to ask about pricing. You mentioned a couple of times on the call that price contributed more this quarter versus in the past. And so is that — I just wanted to understand is this a function of — you had been raising prices a lot and now you’re sort of that and you’re still raising, or like is the rate of change on pricing still higher versus before or it’s just the prior price increases still coming in? Thanks.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, Toni, so. Our pricing, it varies based upon your pricing at a local subject. So, we handle it differently in different businesses and in different geographies. So, that being said, yeah, our pricing is above what it has been historically. That being said, the volume growth is the majority of our growth. And the reason being is the inflationary environment is such that — that we have to pass on a larger price increase than we do historically. Fortunately, the customers are — they understand that, they understand the environment and we’ve been very successful in providing the right levels of service so that they are open to those adjustments. We’re not here to give guidance beyond Q4. But certainly if — the work of the Fed is such that it brings inflation down, then we’ll manage our business accordingly to match that.
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Toni, I might just add that the pricing that Todd talked about earlier is relative to historical levels, not — we were not pointing out that there is sequential increase in that level of pricing. So if that’s where your question might have been coming from, it’s really that relative to the historical levels of pricing where we’re certainly above that, but not a real change in practice sequentially.
Operator
And our next question comes from Shlomo Rosenbaum from Stifel. Please go ahead, Shlomo.
Shlomo Rosenbaum — Stifel — Analyst
Hi, thank you very much. I want to ask back and kind of the questions Manav was asking about initially. Just in terms of the client base that you have, its interesting, like the ADP National Employment Report is talking about small businesses have been shedding jobs basically since August. Are you not seeing that at all in your client base? Or is it that you just skew more towards mid-sized and larger clients? So I just wanted to get a little bit further into how to read some of the kind of economic reports versus the very strong results that we’re seeing it Cintas?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Tthank you. Shlomo, for the question. We have a really diverse customer base. And so, no, we are not more geared towards the medium-size — small-medium large customers, geographic, different verticals. We have a really diverse customer base. And when you think about our business now, it is more geared towards the service economy than is just goods producing.
And so, you name it, we’ve got it. We’ve got some small customers that are struggling. We’ve got some that are thriving. And that’s really more dependent upon their business. Their — may be their particular environment. And the same goes for the medium and the larger customers, it’s a real mix. And we work with them.
So we have a customer who is particularly struggling, then we pivot and try to adjust accordingly if their demand is such that it’s coming down and we pivot and handle it accordingly. But again, we also have other products and services that they might be procuring elsewhere, where we might be able to help them and provide cost savings to them. So it varies based upon the customer, but we’re focused on providing that value and we’ll continue to focus on that.
Shlomo Rosenbaum — Stifel — Analyst
Okay, great. And then just following up on Toni’s question and the pricing. Is there any change at all in customer behavior in terms of the continued pricing? is there any more push back or it’s kind of the same that you’ve had over the last, say, two to three quarters?
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, well, there’s always push back from customers. Always has been and always will be. The current environment with inflation levels make it an opportunity for us to do so better than historical, larger than historical. But I wouldn’t tell you that the environment has changed dramatically. But certainly inflation is starting to — it appears to come down and so we’re managing our business accordingly and we’ll manage our customers accordingly as well.
Operator
The next question comes from Scott Schneeberger from Oppenheimer. Please go ahead, Scott.
Scott Schneeberger — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Thanks. Good morning, everyone. I guess on — the focus on margin question. Could you provide a little bit of attribution, a 110 basis points just operating income improvement year-over-year is really impressive. Could you kind of provide — what was that via the top-line as opposed to where were you getting efficiencies on the cost line? And maybe elaboration, to the extent you’re able of what was — what was smart truck? What was this automation in the facilities? What was the SAP? Is really that’s where the question is focused. On the cost lines, where you’re getting the most — most benefit presently? Thanks.
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, Scott. Look, it starts with great growth. And when we are growing our top-line at healthy levels, we are — we are going to get some nice leverage. I talked a little bit about in a previous response I talked a little bit about that, the cost structure of having some costs that are a little bit in that infrastructure type of a bucket that when we grow really nicely we get some great leverage, and that happened in all of our businesses. The growth that we saw in the third quarter was broad-based in all four of our businesses. And that leads to some really nice leveraging in each of those businesses.
I talked a little bit about that amortizing aspect of material cost, particularly within the rental business. And again, that allows us to see things coming and it allows us to plan accordingly. And so, again the growth helps in that area, but it also allows us to think about things like process improvements, smart truck that you mentioned. And in all of our businesses, we’ve got those kinds of initiatives and all of them are — we’re hard at-work in all of them.
And so we’re seeing benefits from process improvement. Some are just simply better improvements, better training, and some are technology-related like the smart truck. We’ve got all of them in each of the businesses and that is adding to it. Now, certainly, the First Aid margin moving from 12.4% last year to 20.4% this year, there is the mix benefit that we’re certainly getting in that space. But we also have lots of other good things going on in there. We are sourcing better in First Aid and Safety and we do have some really nice process improvement opportunities going on there, and we’ve initiated smart truck in the First Aid and Safety business and in the Fire business. So certainly First Aid has been a big part of that margin improvement, but we’ve seen it off. So it’s hard, I don’t have specific numbers to give you, Scott. But it starts with great growth and leverage and then we get into better sourcing, process improvement, technology gains and certainly then healthy mix, all of those things have contributed.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Scott. I would just like to add. Certainly, what Mike was talking about, such a great growth. That is so critical to us. But part of our culture here is we’re focused on extracting inefficiencies out of our business and we’ve — and I spoke earlier that there is a lot of inputs to revenue growth and there’s a lot of inputs to margin improvement, and Mike went through a list which was pretty darn comprehensive. But generally speaking, I’ll just say that we’re focused on — and we’re not going to just grow through pricing and we’re going to find a way in these types of environments to extract the inefficiencies so that we can grow margins, which in these type of inflationary environments are suddenly is very challenging, but the team has done a heck of a job and we’re quite proud of them.
Scott Schneeberger — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Sounds good. I appreciate the overview. Sounds like a lot of good momentum. You all touched upon My Cintas portal earlier. It sounded like it may be a little bit more you’re willing to share. Just curious what percent penetration do you have there? Where do you anticipate that to go? And you mentioned that gets used at all hours of the day, but I’m just wondering what inning are we in? And any quantification of benefit of, if customers are using that, how much more is that efficient and financial if there’s anything you can share on that? Thanks.
Todd M. Schneider — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Certainly, Scott. The — it is, you’re talking about changing behavior within customers. So it tends to be a higher percentage of new customers that are are coming on-board, that are participating at a high-level. And the reason being is, it’s new behavior period. So then changing the customer behavior — current customer behavior takes longer. And because they’re used to a certain way of how we’re doing business and some are leaning into it faster than others, but we’re — we see a very long runway here of benefits that we’re going to get. And where does it show up? It shows up in so many places, but certainly trying to be easier to do business with is a focus here, and it makes it easier to do business with us. So, I think you’ll see that benefit for years to come.
J. Michael Hansen — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
So little bit of an evolution with My Cintas in that — in that, a customer starts to use it and they like the benefits and so there’s — they then start to grow in the way that they use it and expand and as we continue to see that growth too, we can add more options and other functionality to that, that over time grows and grows, and so this is not a — we have flip the switch on My Cintas, and now let’s see how many people we get — how many customers we get adopting. This is really we’ve opened it and this is going to grow, just the product itself is going to continue to grow and add opportunity for us. So more and more customers will be added, but also more and more functionality will come with it into the future. And so to Todd’s point, this is a — this is a journey and it’s an evolution and we are in the very early stages of it.
Operator
And at this time there are no further questions, I’d like to turn the call-back over to Paul Adler for closing remarks.
Paul F. Adler — Vice President, Treasurer and Investor Relations
Okay, Ross. Thank you all for joining us this morning. We will issue our fourth quarter of fiscal ’23 financial results in July, and we look forward to speaking with you again at that time. Good day.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]