Commercial Metals Co (NYSE: CMC) Q4 2022 earnings call dated Oct. 13, 2022
Corporate Participants:
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Emily Chieng — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Timna Tanners — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Seth Rosenfeld — Exane BNP Paribas — Analyst
Phil Gibbs — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Hello and welcome everyone to the Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2022 Earnings Call for Commercial Metals Company. Today’s materials including the press release and supplemental slides that accompany this call can be found on CMC’s Investor Relations website. Today’s call is being recorded. After the company’s remarks, we will have a question-and-answer session and we’ll have a few instructions at that time.
I would like to remind all participants that during the course of this conference call, the company will make statements that provide information other than historical information and will include expectations regarding economic conditions, effects of legislation, US steel import levels, US construction activity, demand for finished steel products, the expected capabilities and benefits of new facilities, the company’s future operations, the timeline for execution of the company’s growth plan, the company’s future results of operations, financial measures and capital spending. This and other similar statements are considered forward-looking and may involve certain assumptions and speculation and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these expectations. These statements reflect the company’s beliefs based on current conditions but are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including those that are described in the Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Statements sections of the company’s latest filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the company’s latest annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
Although these statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs, CMC offers no assurance that these expectations or beliefs will prove to be correct and actual results may vary materially. All statements are made only as of this date. Except as required by law, CMC does not assume any obligation to update, amend or clarify these statements in connection with future events, change in assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or circumstances or otherwise. Some numbers presented will be non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations for such numbers can be found in the company’s earnings release, supplemental slide presentation or on the company’s website. Unless stated otherwise, all references made to year or quarter-end are references to the company’s fiscal year or fiscal quarter.
And now for opening remarks and introductions, I will turn the call over to the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Commercial Metals Company, Ms. Barbara Smith. Please, go ahead.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, everyone and thank you for joining CMC’s fourth quarter earnings conference call. As reported in the press release, it was an outstanding quarter. And I’d like to thank CMC’s roughly 12,000 employees for their continued hard work and focused efforts on behalf of our customers and stakeholders. You make these results possible. I would also like to thank our customers for their continued trust and partnership with CMC. I will start today’s call with a few highlights from CMC’s historic performance in fiscal 2022, then discuss our fourth quarter results before providing an update on the current market environment. Paul Lawrence will cover the quarter’s financial information in more detail and I will then conclude with our outlook for the fiscal first quarter, after which we will open the call to questions.
Before starting my prepared remarks, I would like to direct listeners to the supplemental slides that accompany this call. The presentation can be found on CMC’s Investor Relations website. On behalf of CMC’s entire team, I’m pleased to report that fiscal 2022 marked the best financial performance in our company’s 107-year history. CMC generated its highest ever full year net earnings as well as EBITDA. At the segment level, both North America and Europe reported record results. This strong performance translated into an annual return on invested capital of 25.5%, up over 10 percentage points from the very healthy level achieved the prior year.
During each of the last 14 quarters, a period that includes the global pandemic, widespread supply chain dislocations, labor force challenges, and a war in Ukraine, CMC has generated annualized ROIC well above 10%. This indicator alone is a confirmation of the strength of our strategy, the consistency of our execution, which is delivering superior value to our shareholders. Overall, our fiscal 2022 results clearly demonstrate the impact of the thoughtful and decisive strategic actions we’ve taken over the last several years, as well as our team’s ability to execute within the strong market conditions present throughout 2022, not to mention the flexibility in our operating model to respond to unforeseen changes and macro events.
Our achievements extend beyond CMC’s financial record. During fiscal 2022, we continue to deliver on our strategic growth plan, evolve our capital allocation framework and advance our sustainability efforts. All of the actions taken by CMC in fiscal 2022, I am extremely proud of the way of our Polish team responded to the needs of Ukrainian refugees fleeing the war in their home country. We have discussed this before but it’s worth repeating. CMC employees opened their homes to refugees, they volunteered at the border on their own time and they helped transport Ukrainians across the border to safety. CMC’s local management opened up company facilities to refugees and provided them with basic necessities. These selfless acts of kindness provided hundreds of people in need of food, shelter, comfort and security speaking to the character of our people and the culture of our company. I will add that our team in Poland did all this while navigating a volatile business environment and avoiding disruptions related to the war, the ongoing European energy crisis and supply chain challenges.
On the strategic front, CMC took several actions that we expect will provide significant benefits in the years ahead and form the path of meaningful growth for our company. The acquisition of Tensar Corporation, which we completed in April provides us with a significant new growth platform and enhances our ability to provide valuable solutions to construction customers across a wide variety of end-use applications. Tensar was already on a strong growth trajectory as a leader in innovative geosynthetic and geotechnical construction solutions. In combination with CMC, we expect to accelerate Tensar’s growth by leveraging CMC’s strong commercial relationships and opening new doors for Tensar to demonstrate the value of their unique construction solutions expertise.
Another major strategic growth initiative is CMC’s Arizona 2 project, which remains on track for a spring 2023 startup. This new manufacturing site will once again see the first micro mill in the world capable of producing both rebar and merchant bar while also pioneering the Q1 power systems capability of directly connecting to renewable energy sources, while also providing additional production efficiencies. Arizona 2’s commissioning looks to be well-timed to support the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which should begin to increase public infrastructure construction activity next year.
We intend to focus initially on ramping up rebar production with the commissioning of merchant products to follow soon after. Currently, we expect to produce a mix of approximately two-thirds rebar and one-third merchant bar on a run rate annual basis. But the beauty of Arizona 2 is the flexibility to seamlessly change that mix based on market demand. An important part of building for the future is CMC’s intent to construct a fourth micro mill to be located in the Eastern US. We view this as a major strategic step towards strengthening our position in this key market, enhancing our ability to optimize production and logistics across our network of mills and improving customer service capabilities. We will work through the final site selection process. While we work through the final site selection process, we remain committed to the project and confident in its financial and strategic merits. We look forward to sharing more details once a site selection is finalized.
To give you a sense of the scale of these three strategic initiatives I just outlined, we expect the combined effect will be to increase CMC’s through the cycle EBITDA by more than $200 million, not including future commercial synergies related to the Tensar acquisition. During last year’s fourth quarter earnings call, we indicated that CMC was evolving its capital allocation framework to enhance distributions to shareholders. The intent was to continue emphasizing value accretive growth while increasing cash returns to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases. In light of the strategic actions just outlined, and a 300% increase to cash distributions, we are certainly making good progress on both goals.
During the fourth quarter alone, CMC repurchased approximately $106 million of common stock, equal to approximately 3 million shares. Our financial strength provides us with the ability to continue executing against our current program and we intend to do so. In addition to share buybacks, we are also utilizing CMC’s dividend policy to return more cash to shareholders. This week, our Board of Directors approved a $0.02 increase to CMC’s quarterly dividend. This represents a 14% increase to July’s level and a 3% increase to the amount paid in July of last year.
Before I turn to our fourth quarter results, I would also like to take a moment to emphasize the advancement of CMC’s sustainability effort. Since our inception as a single recycling location over 100 years ago, environmental stewardship has been central to our purpose and culture. We continue that legacy in fiscal 2022 with the launch of our RebarZero line of carbon-neutral long steel products. By combining CMC’s steel, which already has among the lowest Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions in the industry with renewable energy credits and high quality carbon offsets, we are now able to provide customers with solutions that are net zero from the mill gate to the job site.
RebarZero neutralizes Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions at both our mills and fabrication shops and ensures our environmentally-focused customers can remain at the leading edge of sustainable construction. Reporting on CMC’s sustainability programs and providing meaningful disclosures on a timely basis remains a high priority for our company. To that end, we will be issuing our enhanced annual sustainability report in December.
Turning now to our fourth quarter ’22 performance. CMC generated net earnings of $288.6 million or $2.40 per diluted share on net sales of $2.4 billion. Excluding the impact of non-operational items that Paul will discuss, adjusted earnings were $294.9 million or $2.45 per diluted share, the second best quarterly results in our company’s history. CMC generated core EBITDA of $419 million, an increase of 64% from a year ago. With this quarter’s strong performance, CMC achieved an annualized return on invested capital of 24%. Our past and current strategic actions have clearly created consistent and substantial value for shareholders and we are poised to continue doing so.
I would now like to turn to CMC’s market environment starting with North America. We are well aware of the recessionary concerns that are growing in the investment community and being reported in the financial press and we are monitoring these conditions closely. However, looking at our business, we see no meaningful signs of a slowdown. Demand in the fourth quarter was strong across our product lines in major geographies with the exception of some inventory destocking that resulted from customers carrying higher inventory than historical norms in order to manage ongoing supply chain constraints. The indicators that lead rebar consumption by 9 to 12 months remained strong. These indicators include both external and internal metrics that have been historically reliable in our indices we often reference in our market commentary.
Let me review several of the key external indicators we monitor. The Architectural Billings Index has been in expansionary territory for over a year, signaling future growth in private non-residential spending. Additionally ratings have been consistently positive for each of the project types tracked; commercial and industrial, institutional and residential. Strength in residential is being driven by increased activity in multifamily developments. In August, multifamily housing starts reached the highest monthly level in 37 years.
The Dodge Momentum Index, another measure of non-residential projects entering the planning phase, hit a 14-year high in September. The rating was published just last week and highlighted strong growth in both the commercial and institutional components of the index. Data centers, education, healthcare and recreation were reported as areas of particular strength. CMC’s own internal view mirrors the picture provided by these external sources. Our downstream bidding activity remained at historically high levels during the fourth quarter, driven by a broad basket of project types in both the public and private sectors.
So, to sum up our near-term view. While we certainly don’t discount the economic concerns making headlines, the best indicators of future construction activity continue to point towards strong go-forward demand. Beyond the near term, we believe there are structural trends underway that will bolster domestic construction activity. The first is a federal infrastructure package signed into law last November. At full run rate, this plan is expected to increase federal funding for core rebar consuming projects such as highways, bridges and related structures by 65% compared to the FAST Act that it replaced. We estimate the impact will be roughly 1.5 million tons of incremental annual rebar demand within the domestic market of roughly 9 million tons, representing an approximately 17% increase in consumption.
Spending is expected to ramp up over five years and assuming typical timeframes for project approval, bidding and awarding. We should begin to see the impact on construction activity in calendar 2023. Supporting this view, third-party data that tracks projects in pre-design and design phases indicates a large volume of work is now moving through the pipeline. Projects should translate into healthy future flow of CMC bidding, booking and backlog activity in the coming quarters.
Another meaningful structural trend is the re-shoring of critical industries. As previously mentioned, the massive scale and pace of construction of new semiconductor facility. Since our last earnings call in June, there has been at least three new major announcements, including a $100 billion multi-phase development in upstate New York, a $15 billion memory chip plant in Idaho and a $5 billion silicon wafer plant in Texas. CMC is well situated geographically to participate in each of these projects.
These recent announcements are in addition to five large projects that are already underway in the US. CMC will participate in all of these projects with two each in Arizona and Texas and one in Ohio. These plants are massive consumers of rebar given the decision needed on the work floor, which necessitates rigidity and foundation in building structure. Plant announced or under construction planned in multiple phases, meaning that it’s consumption of rebar will carry well into the future. Semiconductor chip and wafer plants are the highest-profile examples of re-shoring, but other industries are also experiencing increased activity or project planning. This would include LNG facilities for the export of natural gas as well as the automotive supply chain with a particular focus on electric vehicles and battery production.
The last three years have exposed the vulnerabilities of concentrated global supply chains, structured to operate under stable conditions with cooperative political regimes. Pandemic and geopolitical events have reminded us of the need for a more distributed set of sourcing options ensuring reliability and flexibility and securing critical materials and equipment. Potentially, we expect to re-shoring to extend well beyond the areas we just discussed. Turning to merchant bar, underlying demand conditions and end use OEM markets are generally stable. We did experience a short-term destocking during July and August, which can be seen in our reported volume figures. Destocking was triggered by the expectation for the first downward price adjustment for merchant bar in over two years. That looks to have run its course as service centers appear to be purchasing in line with real demand levels.
Based on conversations with OEMs and September’s service center order rates, we anticipate merchant bar volumes to be strong in the first quarter. As you might expect, market conditions in Europe are more challenging. Overall construction activity continue to grow on a year-over-year basis during the fourth quarter. However, residential activity, which has been strong for more than a year began to show signs of slowing during the quarter due to the impact of rising mortgage interest rates. In addition, as a result of the ongoing energy crisis, industrial activity in Central Europe is now contracting. This has impacted demand for merchant bar and some wire rod products. Turnaround in this activity likely depends on the success of the European Union’s efforts to lower energy prices from their current historically high level.
General destocking among end-users and intermediaries negatively impacted volumes for most products during the fourth quarter. This reflected the unwinding of the panic buying that took place in March and April and a portion in May following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, as well as the uncertainty surrounding newly announced trade sanctions. Built the destocking was reflected in CMC shipments in the early part of the fourth quarter. Encouragingly, volumes rebounded nicely and we anticipate that this improved pace will carry into our first quarter.
As illustrated on slide 9 and supplemental presentation, the energy crisis combined with trade sanctions has impacted historical trade flows in the region. This benefited Poland on a relative basis. Poland’s net rebar import position has declined significantly compared to a year ago looking at trade flows with countries both inside and outside the European Union. Poland’s trade with EU countries has benefited from a relatively advantageous energy cost position whereas the average spot price for electricity was up over 280% on a year-over-year basis across Germany, France and Italy. It was up a more modest 98% in Poland.
With regards to rebar trade within countries outside the EU, little foreign material has entered the Polish market to offset the loss of Russian and Belarusian rebar. Imports have increased significantly into the broader EU but this material has gone to countries that are more logistically accessible and are experiencing higher energy costs. One less note on Europe. The tendency to see might be to view our fourth quarter performance as a large reduction from the historical heights of the third quarter. The third quarter was extraordinarily unusual and unlikely to be repeated. From a humanitarian perspective, I certainly hope it’s just never repeated.
Looking at the fourth quarter in a broader historical context, however reveals it was an excellent result with adjusted EBITDA at 3 times the average rate of the past — fiscal year. This becomes even more impressive when you consider the difficulties being faced across the EU steel industry. Such a strong financial performance in an uncertain environment is one of the many reasons we are confident in CMC Europe’s competitive position. Finally, as stated in our press release, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.16 per share of CMC common stock for stockholders of record on October 27, 2022. The dividend will be paid on November 10, 2022. This represents CMC’s 232nd consecutive quarterly dividend with an annual — with an amount paid per share increasing 14% from quarter three of fiscal 2022 and represents as I said earlier in meaningful increase in our return of capital to shareholders.
With that overview, I will now turn the discussion over to Paul Lawrence, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer to provide some more comments on the results for the quarter.
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Barbara. And good morning to everyone on the call today. As Barbara noted, we reported fiscal fourth quarter 2022 net earnings of $288.6 million or $2 $0.40 per diluted share compared to prior year levels of $152.3 million and $1.24, respectively. Results this quarter include a net after-tax charge of $6.3 million, the majority of which relates to CMC’s acquisition of Tensar. These costs were in the form of acquisition expenses and purchase accounting adjustments related to inventory write-ups. The quarter also includes a small asset impairment charge taken in North America. Excluding the impact of these items, adjusted earnings were $294.9 million or $2.45 per diluted share.
Core EBITDA was $419 million for the fourth quarter of 2022, representing a sharp increase from the $255.9 million generated during the prior year period. Slide 11 of the supplemental presentation illustrates the strength of CMC’s quarterly results. Our North America segment drove the significant year-over-year earnings growth, while Europe held steady at a strong level. Core EBITDA per ton of finished steel reached its second highest rate ever coming in at $269 per ton compared to $155 per ton, a year ago.
Reviewing our results by segment for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, CMC’s North American segment generated adjusted EBITDA of $370.5 million for the quarter, equal to $327 per tonne of finished steel shipped. Segment adjusted EBITDA improved 75% on a year-over-year basis, driven by significantly increased margins on steel and downstream products over their underlying scrap costs. Partially offsetting this benefit were higher controllable costs on a per tonne of finished steel basis due primarily to increases in unit pricing for alloys, energy and freight. Selling prices for steel products from our mills increased by $204 per ton on a year-over-year basis and were essentially flat from the prior quarter. Margin over scrap on steel products increased $251 per ton from a year ago. In comparison to our third quarter, metal margin increased $79 per ton in the fourth quarter due to reduced scrap costs. However, not all of this benefit was realized in the quarter as we were selling material produced with higher scrap costs from the prior quarter.
The average selling price of downstream products increased by $334 per ton from the prior year, reaching a new record of $1,348. The spread of our downstream average selling price above our cost of scrap at the mill also reached a new record of $876 per ton. This is a good measure of the total margin available to CMC through our integrated production network. This trend should continue into fiscal 2023, as our backlog continues to reprice higher. Shipments of finished product in the fourth quarter were down modestly from a year ago and followed a typical seasonal pattern compared to the third quarter. End market demand for our mill products remain robust. However, as Barbara mentioned, shipments were impacted during the quarter by destocking in the merchant bar supply chain, which are now appears to have abated.
Additionally progress on construction sites in certain geographies continued to be slower than normal, due to constrained supply of labor and materials. We expect this situation to dissipate heading into the winter months. CMC’s downstream shipments increased by roughly 4% from the prior-year period, driven by the growth in our construction backlog, which more than offset the impact of the slower job site performance just mentioned.
Turning to slide 13 of the supplemental deck, our Europe segment generated adjusted EBITDA of $64.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to adjusted EBITDA of $67.7 million in the prior year quarter. Margins over scrap increased $138 per ton on a year-over-year basis reaching $453 per ton. This was the result of $125 per ton increase in average selling price and a $12 per ton reduction in the cost of scrap utilized. This margin benefit was offset by higher costs for energy and alloys and the negative P&L impact of selling higher cost inventory into a falling price environment as well as a weakening Polish zloty relative to the US dollar. CMC’s energy hedge position once again paid significant dividends as actual costs were well below the levels that would have been paid had we purchased solely on a spot basis.
Europe volumes decreased 7% compared to the prior year as a result of supply chain destocking that Barbara outlined previously. Demand conditions within Central Europe were mixed. The Polish construction market continued to grow while industrial production has entered a contractionary phase as a result of the ongoing energy crisis. We believe CMC is well positioned for this current period of volatility in Europe. We are a low cost leader with operational flexibility to adjust and serve a changing market condition.
Tensar generated EBITDA of $10.2 million during the fourth quarter. Excluding the $6.5 million adjustment related to purchase accounting effect on inventory, EBITDA amounted to $16.7 million on net sales of $74.1 million, yielding an EBITDA margin of 22.5%. As a reminder. Tensar performance will be included within CMC’s existing segments, but we intend to provide visibility into business results and developments. Of the $16.7 million in EBITDA, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, $13.8 million was included within CMC’s North American segment, while the remaining $2.9 million was reported within the Europe segment. It should be noted that at this time we do not expect any further purchase accounting adjustments related to this acquisition.
Moving to the balance sheet, as of August 31, 2022 cash and cash equivalents totaled $672.6 million. In addition to cash and equivalents, we had approximately $647 million of availability under our credit and accounts receivable facilities, bringing total liquidity to slightly over $1.3 billion. CMC’s $330 million of 2023 notes have moved into current maturities on our balance sheet. These notes do not have any early call provisions and we are currently evaluating refinancing alternatives that are consistent with our commitment to maintaining a healthy balance sheet, financial flexibility and a strong liquidity position, as well as utilizing cash to lower CMC’s overall gross leverage.
During the quarter, we generated $458.6 million of cash from operating activities, which included approximately a $90 million release of working capital, principally driven from the lower scrap costs. For the year, CMC generated $700 million of cash from operations despite investing $573.2 million in working capital. Our free cash flow in fiscal 2022 amounted to $250 million defined as our $700 million in cash from operations less $450 million of capital expenditures. That figure does not include the $315 million harvested from asset sales to support our overall strategic vision.
Our leverage metrics remain attractive and have improved significantly over the last several fiscal years. As can be seen on slide 17, our net debt to EBITDA ratio now sits at just 0.5 times even after the purchase of Tensar. We believe our robust balance sheet and overall financial strength provide us the flexibility to finance our strategic organic growth projects and pursue opportunistic M&A while continuing to return cash to shareholders. CMC’s effective tax rate in the quarter was 14.8%, driven by the timing of recognition of research and development and foreign tax credit. Looking ahead to fiscal 2023, we currently expect our full year effective tax rate to be between 22% and 25% with our cash tax rate to be slightly lower at approximately 20%.
Turning to CMC’s fiscal 2023 capital spending outlook. We expect to invest $450 million to $500 million in total, roughly a third of which can be attributable to Arizona 2. As Barbara noted, our announced fourth micro mill project remains in the site selection phase. As a reminder, we assess projects like this viewing the three of the cycle cash flow generation of projects. So, while the site selection has taken longer than anticipated, we remain very encouraged by the strategic merits of this project. Lastly, CMC purchased roughly 3 million shares during the fiscal fourth quarter at an average price of $35.48 per share. Transactions since the initiation of the buyback program have amounted to roughly $161.9 million, leaving $188.1 million remaining under the program.
This concludes my remarks, so I’ll turn it back to Barbara for comments on our outlook.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Paul. We are entering fiscal 2023 in a strong position with the downstream backlog and bidding activity at historically high levels, giving us confidence in the near-term outlook for volume. Additionally, we look forward to the startup of our newest micro mill, Arizona 2 in the spring of next calendar year, which will greatly enhance CMC’s ability to capitalize on the strength we see in construction market. We anticipate another strong financial performance in the first fiscal quarter. We expect good demand for our products to continue in North America, while conditions in Europe are more uncertain.
However, as I discussed earlier, CMC’s operations in Poland are very well positioned to compete given their cost leadership position and operational flexibility. Margins over scrap in both North America and Europe are likely to compress slightly from the fourth quarter levels in order to remain competitive with raw material price changes and increased long steel supply. Once again, I’d like to thank all of the CMC employees for delivering yet another outstanding quarter and Europe performance.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. And at this time we will begin our question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Emily Chieng from Goldman Sachs. Please, go ahead Emily.
Emily Chieng — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Good morning, Barbara and Paul and thank you for the update this morning. My first question is just around the North American construction markets and what you’re seeing here. Could you perhaps provide some color as to how many months your order book length is now sitting at and how we should be triangulating the comment around customer destocking activity starting to ease and the expansion of backlog levels? Is that implication that, that we should be seeing shipments in the next couple of quarters trend higher?
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Emily, our backlog extends well into 2023 and so we’re sitting in an excellent condition and with a lot of confidence in terms of the comment I made around a really solid first quarter and fiscal 2023. Whenever there is a raw material price change, particularly a downward trend in raw materials, you will tend to see customers go through a bit of destocking. They don’t want to be saddled with high-priced inventory, so they will adjust their order rate temporarily and work through the inventory that they have on hand. And clearly, we know there have been any number of supply chain disruptions over the last three years starting with the pandemic and macro issues and the war in Ukraine.
I think the supply chain issues while they’ll continue to persist to some degree, certainly the initial shock is behind us and I think that’s another reason why customers were adjusting inventory levels. But based on what we’re seeing here early in the quarter that gives us confidence to say that destocking effort is behind us. And so the market fundamentals are going to kick in and we would expect a really solid first quarter. You always have seasonality that approaches around the holidays and — but otherwise we see strong rebound in our shipments.
Emily Chieng — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Right. I appreciate the color there, Barbara. A follow-up question if I may, just around the controllable costs and I think you flagged some pressures along the freight, alloy and energy cost side of the equation there. But perhaps if you could talk to a direction of travel for each of those three components, both in the US and Europe, that would be helpful? Thank you.
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sure. If we look Emily at the US, I think the, we had a combination in the energy market of an extremely hot summer, as well as the global challenges with natural gas and other energy costs. And so if we look at our cost profile in the US market, certainly energy was the leading area of inflation, but also as we cited increases in consumables and alloys and freight, I think where we’re at today is really we can see our go-forward controllable costs being somewhat in line with what we experienced in the fourth quarter with relatively minor puts and takes in the components of the overall cost structure, but see that as being the environment in which will operate in 2023.
In Europe, it is strictly a story of energy costs and as we outlined and specifically I think Barbara mentioned, slide 9 of the supplemental slides, we’re fortunate to operate in Poland. Despite the overall inflationary environment in energy in Europe, Poland is much more advantageous in relation to other countries given its domestic source for much of its energy needs. And so combining the low cost, lower cost of energy in Poland with the hedges that we have in place, which are at least a good portion of our hedges are of a long-term nature, position us well to really be competitively in a strong position in relation to competitors for a long time to come. But in Europe, it is principally energy, the same alloy inflation that we’re seeing, but it’s relatively small in comparison to the energy.
Emily Chieng — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Right. Thanks, Paul.
Operator
And our next question is coming from Timna Tanners from Wolfe Research. Please, go ahead, Timna.
Timna Tanners — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Good morning. Thanks very much for all the detail. Two things I wanted to explore a bit more with you is, if you could characterize more of the import pressure you talked about in both markets. I know in the US, definitely a 25% tariff still has a pretty big impact on many countries with the Section 232 and it seems that Turkey is pretty hobbled with Europe also hobbled from energy prices. I’m just wondering if you could talk a little bit more about how much pressure you’re seeing and if that’s pervasive in both markets?
Second question is, you talked about housing in your on Europe, but I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about what you’re seeing on the housing side in the US?
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thank you, Timna. I don’t think we want to overemphasize and for pressure and all that data is very public as you know, but year-on-year if you look at ’21 versus ’22, there has been more foreign product available here in the US market and a good bit of that coming on the wire rod side and there were a number of production issues at various competitors last year that made it necessary for some customers to avail themselves of those imports. And so, as you know, you’ve been around this industry for a long time, we deal with that on an ongoing basis. And as you point out that we are still in a really strong trade environment that deters the illegal and dumped sources of material coming from foreign and you rightly point out the struggles that are going on in Turkey, which is the primary offender as it relates to our products. So, we monitor it all the time and we respond accordingly. But again, we think we’re still going to enjoy a good trade environment.
In terms of housing in the US, you know it’s an interesting one because housing has been incredibly strong for a long period of time here, but now you have a rising interest rate environment and interest rates that folks haven’t seen in quite a period of time unlike myself, for my first mortgage rate was close to 12% and you wait. I think we’re seeing a shift potentially from single-family to multifamily and that is evident in some of the external data that we track. There is still the need for housing formation and so if interest rates are a deterrent to single family then you tend to see an increase in multifamily, which is actually a higher intensity of rebar in structural in the multifamily. So, we certainly think that overall that it’s not going to have a meaningful impact to our business because as I pointed out, we still have the infrastructure that is not even really kicking in at this point.
Timna Tanners — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Okay, great. And if I could sneak in one more. Just ask about the European first quarter if you’re expecting to see that 15 million carbon credit you’ve seen the last several years again?
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
We are Timna, it’s going to be, the amount is yet to be determined and fully approved by the EU. That’s expected to occur next week, but all indications are that, that the amount will be similar in zloty, then that we’ve received over the last couple of years. Obviously the translation back to dollars is reduced but we do expect that the final approval of that program to take place next week.
Timna Tanners — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Okay, super. Thanks, again.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Timna.
Operator
Our next question is coming from Seth Rosenfeld from PNB Paribas. Please, go ahead, Seth.
Seth Rosenfeld — Exane BNP Paribas — Analyst
Good morning, thanks for taking our questions today. Another question please on the European market. In your prepared remarks, you commented on destocking early in Q4, but perhaps reversal of amortization of destocking late in the quarter. Can you provide a bit more color on the scale of that downward pressure and I guess the degree of confidence about it come to an end and your optimism would perhaps stand out from other channel checks in Europe that are still seeing additional destocking pressure looking into the four calendar quarter? I’ll start there, please.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
You’re popping a lot, Alex [Phonetic], so I’m not sure I captured everything. But I’ll start and Paul can, excuse me, he can continue if he or re-ask your question. We think the destocking is behind us. Clearly, a lot depends upon just where does the economy in Europe go and everybody has their own view of that. I think we just try to emphasize that we have a strong position relative to other alternatives and we’re very reliable. Our cost and operational flexibility is [Technical Issues] so we think the destocking is largely behind us.
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. And Seth, I would just note that I think there is a big dichotomy between the long product area and the flat rolled space. I think in flat rolled it’s continuing to destock but on the long steel side in which as you know, that’s where we play, it’s a different market. The underlying — there is more strength and we certainly did see the volumes bounce back significantly as Barbara said.
Seth Rosenfeld — Exane BNP Paribas — Analyst
Thank you very much. And the second question, please in Europe, earlier in the year, your team spoke publicly about some interest and perhaps expanding your capacity within Europe either organically or inorganically. Obviously the macro conditions have changed a great deal since then. Love to hear your thoughts on the attractiveness of investing in Europe in the current environment. Thank you.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Alex, thank you. We’re always evaluating organic, inorganic every opportunity to to look at growth and I would just say that we take a very long-term view on growth and we also have a very disciplined process for evaluating any of those types of things and we use peak of cycle kinds of market conditions in which to evaluate projects like that. And so there is nothing specific that we have to talk about that as given this current moment but we’re always evaluating things with a very, very long-term view.
Seth Rosenfeld — Exane BNP Paribas — Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] And our next question is coming from Phil Gibbs from KeyBanc Capital Markets. Phil, please go ahead.
Phil Gibbs — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Hey, good morning.
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Morning, Phil.
Phil Gibbs — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
The first question is just on fabrication pricing, nice step up this quarter. I know the backlog pricing continued to move up over the last several months as rebar prices escalated and a lot of that tends to lag as we know. So, how many quarters do we have looking ahead where pricing could actually continue to move to move up or have we leveled out here?
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Phil, I’ll start and Barbara can add. If we look at our current activity that Barbara alluded to is strong in the fourth quarter and really we continue to see good levels on the downstream work. And as a result, really the backlog is made up of what’s in there and new stuff. So, assuming no significant degradation in the pricing of new work going in, we would expect over the next two quarters or so for the backlog pricing to continue to catch up with the current price levels.
Phil Gibbs — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Okay, that’s helpful. And I know you gave some color on capex for this year, $475 million or so at the midpoint. Is there anything baked in there for the new potential mill in the Northeast, whether it’d be permitting or due diligence or is that going to be something that phases into the out years?
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Phil, there’ll be a little bit — there is a little bit in there. I don’t know the hard number off the top of my head but as you can appreciate, the first step is to go through the permitting process which can have some long duration to it and — but we will do. We will begin the engineering phase and other things. And so the bulk of it would probably come in the following fiscal year.
Phil Gibbs — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Okay. And then my last question is just on net working capital. Assuming that you have scrap stay around current levels plus or minus and you’ve got, let’s just say broader pricing downstream and rebar stay around current levels, what do you expect net working capital to be a use or a source in fiscal ’23? Thank you.
Paul Lawrence — Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Phil, if we hold all of those things relatively constant to where they are today, we would really see working capital being relatively flat from where we are for the year. We’ll have our seasonality throughout the year, but for the full year view, if we assume things are going to be pretty consistent, the level of working capital will also be consistent.
Phil Gibbs — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Thank you.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Phil.
Operator
At this time there appears to be no further questions. Ms. Smith, I will now turn the call back over to you.
Barbara Smith — Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you. Thank you, everyone for joining us on today’s conference call. We look forward to speaking with many of you during our investor calls in the coming days and weeks. Have a great rest of your day. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]