Domino’s Pizza, Inc (NYSE: DPZ) Q3 2022 earnings call dated Oct. 13, 2022
Corporate Participants:
Ryan Goers — Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Brian Bittner — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Sara Senatore — Bank of America — Analyst
John Glass — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Brian Mullan — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Gregory Francfort — Guggenheim — Analyst
Andrew Strelzik — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst
Andrew Charles — Cowen and Company — Analyst
Patrick — Stifel — Analyst
Lauren Silberman — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Jared Garber — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Dennis Geiger — UBS — Analyst
Alexander Slagle — Jefferies — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Third Quarter 2022 Domino’s Pizza Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today’s conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Ryan Goers, Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Ryan Goers — Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations
Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today for our conversation regarding the results for the third quarter of 2022. Today’s call will feature commentary from Chief Executive Officer, Russell Weiner; and Chief Financial Officer, Sandeep Reddy.
As this call is primarily for our investor audience, I ask all members of the media and others to be in a listen-only mode. I want to remind everyone that the forward-looking statements in this morning’s earnings release and 10-Q also applies to our comments on the call today. Both of those documents are available on our website. Actual results or trends could differ materially from our forecast. For more information, please refer to the risk factors discussed in our filings with the SEC.
In addition, please refer to the 8-K earnings release to find disclosures and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures that may be referenced on today’s call. Our request to our coverage analysts, we want to do our best this morning to accommodate as many of your questions as time permits. As such, we encourage you to ask only one, one-part question on this call.
Today’s conference call is being webcast and is also being recorded for replay via our website. With that, I’d like to turn the call over to our Chief Executive Officer, Russell Weiner.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Ryan, and thanks to all of you for joining us this morning. I’m encouraged by our global performance during the third quarter. Excluding the negative impact of foreign currency, global retail sales grew almost 5% in the quarter, resulting in a three-year stack of plus 28% versus Q3 of 2019. We and in our franchisees opened over 200 net new stores during the quarter and over 1,100 over the trailing four quarters. 44 of our international markets opened at least one net new store demonstrating the continued strong global demand for Domino. Our team members and franchisees around the world have continued to show the agility and perseverance required to operate in a volatile macroeconomic environment.
I wanted to start the call by going a little bit more in depth on our U.S. business and some key initiatives. First and most important, the Domino’s brand is as strong as ever. Our research shows the brand health remains at pre-pandemic levels and we have maintained our lead over relevant QSR competition in critical brand health metrics like net promoter score and taste and value. All of these are key indicators of short and long-term performance.
Next, same-store sales. Same-store sales in the U.S. were up 2% versus Q3 of last year. And when we look at our business on a three-year stack, which we’ll continue to do for as long as it remains useful to put in perspective any COVID impact, same-store sales were up almost 18% versus Q3 of 2019. This represents a sequential improvement in three-year comps from Q1 and from Q2.
Now carryout, carryout continues to be a growth lever and a massive opportunity for us. As you know, while Domino’s started as a pizza delivery company, we began targeting the carryout segment with specific offers in 2011. That effort has paid off as NPD share data shows that we became the number one carryout pizza brand in the U.S. at the end of last year. We continue to grow the carryout business in the third quarter. Carryout same-store sales were up almost 20% versus Q3 of 2021 with a three-year stack of plus 35% versus Q3 of 2019. Most importantly, we continue to see tremendous runway ahead in our carryout business.
On the delivery side, the pricing we took on our national offer for delivery performed as our proprietary research predicted, growing from from USD5.99 to USD6.99 on our delivery mix and match deal was the right move. Given the continued inflation we have seen, our analytics now indicate we should take pricing on our national carryout deal as well. We will continue to balance customer value and franchisee profitability by taking our carryout mix and match deal from USD5.99 to USD6.99 starting on October 17. From a delivery capacity perspective, we saw progress throughout the quarter, resulting from our initiatives in this area.
While we only have visibility to our corporate stores, the number of job applications and new hires have increased throughout the year. At the end of the quarter, we were more or less back to 2019 levels as far as applications and new hires per week. Staffing remains a constraint, but my confidence in our ability to solve many of our delivery labor challenges ourselves has grown over the past few quarters. Our delivery service also showed improvement throughout the quarter. While we still have work to do to get back to our high standards for delivery service, I am encouraged by the progress we’ve made so far. Estimated average delivery time has improved every quarter this year. Additionally, our system is all in on another boost week for Q4 indicating their confidence in handling the increased volumes. A boost week in each of three consecutive quarters represents a return to our pre-pandemic boost week cadence. Finally, with regard to the phone orders, around half our stores in the U.S. are now connected to call centers to help answer at least some of their call.
Now moving onto our corporate stores. The corporate stores there — we are continuing to make moves to strengthen that business and the Domino’s brand. We re-franchised corporate stores in Utah and Arizona after the end of the quarter. These transactions provided the opportunity to bring in several fantastic existing franchisees, who will further evolve and accelerate growth in these markets as well as three new franchisees ready for the opportunity to own and grow with the Domino’s brand. These transactions align with our strategy to utilize our corporate store platform to unlock growth by buying stores such as our transaction earlier this year to purchase stores in Michigan and selling stores such as the 2019 transaction to re-franchise in New York.
I visited our corporate stores in Houston in Q3 and was happy to see progress and get feedback on some of the operational initiatives we are testing. As we have said, it is critical that we drive efficiency and effectiveness to benefit our customers and simplify jobs for our employees. I look forward to sharing more about these initiatives as we continue to learn.
Now for more detail on Q3 results, I’d like to turn it over to our CFO, Sandeep Reddy. Sandeep?
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Russell, and good morning to everyone on the call. I’ll begin my remarks with updates on the actions I have previously outlined to improve our long-term profitability. First, we are continuing to examine and evolve our pricing architecture. During the third quarter, the average price increase that was realized across our U.S. system was 5.4%. As Russell mentioned earlier, we will adjust our carryout mix and match deal from USD5.99 to USD6.99 on October 17. As a result of this update, we expect to realize pricing to increase to approximately 7% in the fourth quarter.
Second, efficiencies in our cost structure as we seek to ensure that revenues consistently grow faster than expenses. We saw a sequential improvement in the year-over-year contraction of operating income margin as a percentage of revenues from 180 basis points in Q2 to 160 basis points in Q3. We need to continue this trend.
Third, we realize the sequential improvement in U.S. same-store sales from minus 2.9% in Q2 to plus 2% in Q3, mostly driven by a smaller decline in order count.
Now, our financial results for the quarter in more detail. Global retail sales decreased 1.6% in Q3 2022 as compared to Q3 2021. When excluding the negative impact of foreign currency, global retail sales grew 4.7% due to positive sales comps in the U.S. and sustained global store growth momentum over the trailing four quarters lapping 8.5% global retail sales growth excluding FX in Q3 2021. As we have discussed in the past, we believe it remains instructive we look at the cumulative stack of sales across the business anchored back to 2019 as a pre-COVID baseline and we’ll continue to do so for as long as we believe it is useful in understanding our business performance.
Looking at the three-year stack, our Q3 2022 global retail sales excluding foreign currency impact grew 28% versus Q3 2019. Breaking down total global retail sales growth, U.S. retail sales increased 4.1% rolling over a prior increase of 1.1% and are up more than 26% on a three-year stack basis relative to Q3 2019. International retail sales excluding the negative impact of foreign currency grew 5.2% rolling over a prior increase of 16.5% and are up more than 30% on a three-year stack basis relative to Q3 2019.
Turning to comps, during Q3, same store sales for our U.S. business increased 2% rolling over a prior decrease of 1.9% and were up 17. 6% on a three-year stack basis relative to Q3 2019, representing a sequential 0.9 percentage point improvement from Q2 on a three-year stack basis. Breaking down the U.S. comp, our franchise business was up 2.2% in the quarter, while our company-owned stores were down 1.9%. The estimated impact of fortressing was 0.7 percentage points during the quarter across the U.S. system.
The increase in U.S. same-store sales in Q3 was driven by an increase in ticket growth which included the 5% and pricing actions I mentioned earlier partially offset by a decline in order count. As we have previously shared, we believe it is instructive to break our U.S. stores into quintiles based on staffing levels relative to our fully staffed store to give a sense for the magnitude of the impact of staffing.
Looking at Q3 same-store sales, stores in the top 20% those that are essentially close to fully staffed on average outperformed stores in the bottom 20% those that are facing the most significant labor challenges by less than 6 percentage points. This is down sequentially from the 7 percentage point gap we saw in Q2 between the top and bottom quintiles showing improvement in the lower quintile stores ability to meet consumer demand.
Now I’ll share a few thoughts specifically about the carryout and delivery businesses. The carryout business was strong in Q3 with U.S. carryout same-store sales 19.6% positive compared to Q3 2021. On a three-year basis, our carryout same-store sales were up 35% versus Q3 2019. The gap between the top and bottom quintiles based on staffing levels remained relatively small during the quarter highlighting both strong consumer demand and the lower cost to serve relative to delivery orders.
Delivery business continued to be more pressured. Q3 delivery same store sales declined by 7.5% relative to Q3 2021. Looking at the business on the three-year stack, Q3 delivery same store sales were 8.4% above Q3 2019 level. When we look at the quintiles relative to the delivery business, we continue to see a more pronounced difference in performance. We saw an 8 percentage point gap in delivery same store sales between stores in the top 20% and those in the bottom 20%. While we continue to see a gap in performance between the top and bottom quintiles, this represents a sequential improvement from the 11 percentage point gap in the second quarter and the 17 percentage point gap in the first quarter.
A point to note is that despite the decline in same store sales in the past year, our pizza delivery QSR market share based on NPD data is up modestly over the prior year as we see a similar decline in the size of the delivery market over the past year. This decline in pizza delivery QSR is potentially attributable to a shift of delivery to dine-in as consumer behavior starts to revert to pre-pandemic habits. In fact, the pizza delivery QSR market is still up almost 30% versus three years ago despite the recent decline.
Our market share in total Pizza QSR, which includes delivery, dine-in and carryout, has held steady over the past year and is up by more than 200 basis points versus three years ago. The overlap of our customers who order both delivery and carryout continues to be relatively modest and is trending slightly above our historical overlap rate of 15% pointing to each channel as a relatively unique business.
Shifting to unit count, we and our franchisees added 24 net new stores in the U.S. during Q3 consisting of 27 store openings and three closures bringing our U.S. system store count to 6,643 stores at the end of the quarter, which brought our full quarter net store growth rate in the U.S. to 2.7%. With our strong four-wall economics, we remain bullish on the long-term unit growth potential in the U.S. and we maintain our conviction that the U.S. can be an 8,000-plus store market for Domino’s. New store paybacks remain strong with stores opened in 2018 averaging around three-year paybacks and stores opened in 2019 on track to deliver a similar performance.
Same store sales excluding foreign currency impacts for [Technical Issue] declined 1.8% rolling over a prior increase of 8.8% and were up more than 13% on a three-year stack basis relative to Q3 2019. Similar to the second quarter, we faced the headwind of the negative year-over-year impact of the expiration of the 2021 VAT relief in the UK, our largest international market by retail sale. This resulted in a negative comp for the quarter for international versus a slightly positive comp without this unfavorable UK VAT impact. The year-over-year impact of expiration of the 2021 UK VAT relief will continue while we lap the reduced rates to March 31, 2023, but with a lower impact as the UK VAT relief was reduced from 15% the 7.5% last year on October 1.
Our international business added 201 net new stores in Q3, comprised of 263 store openings and 62 closures. Our closures were driven by our master franchisees exit from the Italian market as well as another round of closures in Brazil as our master franchisee there [Technical Issue] to optimize the store base in the market. This brought our current full quarter net store growth rate in international to 8.1%. When combined with our U.S. store growth, our trailing four quarter global net store growth of 6.2% continues to fall within our two- to three-year outlook range of 6% to 8%.
Turning to revenues and operating income. Total revenues for the third quarter increased approximately $70.6 million or 7.1% from the prior year quarter driven by higher supply chain revenues due to a 13.4% higher market basket pricing to stores and U.S. stores revenues resulting from retail sales growth. These increases were partially offset by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which negatively impacted international royalty revenues $7.9 million during Q3. Our consolidated operating income as a percentage of revenues decreased by 160 basis points 16.5% in Q3 from the prior year quarter primarily driven by food basket and labor cost increases. These impacts were partially offset by pricing actions and G&A leverage.
Our diluted EPS in Q3 was $2.79 versus $3.24 in Q3 2021. Breaking down that $0.45 decrease in our diluted EPS, our operating results benefited us by [Technical Issue], changes in foreign currency exchange rates negatively impacted us by $0.17, our higher effective tax rate negatively impacted us by $0.48, $0.36 of which was driven by changes in tax impact of stock-based compensation, lower net interest expense benefited us by $0.02, and a lower diluted share count driven by share repurchases over the trailing 12 months benefited us by $0.08.
Although we faced operating headwinds, we continue to generate sizable free cash flow. During the first three quarters of 2022, we generated net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $330 million. After deducting for capital expenditures of approximately $50 million which consisted of investments in our technology initiatives and investments in our supply chain centers including our new facility in Indiana, which will begin serving stores next week, we generated free cash flow of approximately $280 million. Free cash flow decreased $154 million from the first three quarters of 2021 primarily due to changes in working capital, the timing of payments for accrued liabilities and receipts on our accounts receivable and lower net income.
During the quarter, we repurchased and retired approximately 491,000 shares for $196 million at an average price of $399.52 per share. As of the end of Q3, we had approximately $410 million remaining under our current Board authorization for share repurchases. During the quarter, we drew down $120 million on our existing variable funding note facility to fund additional return of capital to shareholders through share repurchases. Subsequent to the quarter, we also closed on a new additional $120 million variable funding note facility with terms that are substantially similar to our existing facility and paid down $60 million of the $120 million drawn on the existing facility during the third quarter. We are very pleased with the competitive terms we were able to achieve given the current volatile interest rate environment.
In addition, as Russell mentioned, subsequent to the end of the quarter on September 26, we completed transactions to re-franchise all our corporate stores in Arizona and Utah to certain franchisees for approximately $41 million. We will provide further details of the financial impact of the transaction when we report our fourth quarter results next year.
Before I close, we would like to update the guidance we previously provided for 2022. Based on the continuously evolving macroeconomic environment, we now expect changes in foreign currency exchange rates to have a negative impact of USD29 million to USD31 million compared to 2021, an increase USD22 million to USD26 million we were expecting to see in July. We now expect capital expenditures to be approximately $100 million for the year, down from the previous guidance of approximately $120 million, and we now expect G&A to be USD415 million to USD420 million, down from the previous guidance of USD420 million to USD428 million.
Thank you all for joining the call today. And now I will turn it back to Russell.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Sandeep. Before we open the call for questions, I wanted to talk a little bit about the macro environment and the potential impact on the QSR industry, particularly delivery. There are a couple of dynamics that we’re watching in the broader restaurant delivery segment. First, as consumers return to some of their pre-COVID eating habits, the sit-down business that was once a source of volume for restaurants delivery over the past few years is rebounding and bringing back with it some of the orders that were delivered when the sit-down was constrained.
The second dynamic is inflation. We believe that inflation will impact delivery more than carryout due to the added expenses of fees and tips in that [indecipherable]. Our research shows that relatively higher delivery costs might lead some customers to prepare meals at home. This could be exacerbated as consumer spending becomes more constrained around holiday. As we begin Q4, I believe Domino’s is poised to emerge from these volatile times stronger than ever. This is what our business model was built for. I joined Domino’s in 2008 during another tough economic environment. What I learned then is even more true today now that we’re the number 1 pizza company in the world. In a world where consumer confidence is shrinking and inflation is high, Domino’s will succeed as we have strong profitable franchisees, a team that makes disciplined decisions based on insights and have the digital supply chain and delivery expertise to offer best-in- class value and customer experience.
We delivered around one out of every three pizzas in the United States before the pandemic and we deliver around one out of every three pizzas today. One important thing we have today that we didn’t have in 2008 is a strong carryout business. As a more complete restaurant company today, I have never been more confident in the future of Domino’s Pizza. With that, we’ll open the call to questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Brian Bittner from Oppenheimer. Your line is open.
Brian Bittner — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Good morning. Russell, I want to ask about the promotional strategy and I know you touched on a tougher macro at the end of your prepared remarks, but specifically you’ve had the 20% off everything discount in place since around September 6 and it’s been happening at a time where I think staffing still does remain a headwind, even though it’s been improving and and I would think franchisees margins are also being pressured by inflation. So can you just help unpack the strategic thinking around this strategy, you know, and it is still in place from what I can see, so is it accomplishing what you initially wanted it to accomplish?
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, Brian. Thanks for the question. On the 20% off, there were really two strategic reasons why we went ahead and did it. And as you said, it’s kind of at the end of the quarter. The first is, as a brand what Domino’s tries to do is whenever there is a big tension in society and obviously now the macro tension is around inflation, we try to do a brand action that shows that we are the advocates for our customers and so in a time where there is inflation and everything is going up, Domino’s being able to offer 20% off was really a more strategic communication move than it was anything else. Secondarily, as I said in my opening remarks, we’re about to evolve our carryout offer from USD5.99 to USD6.99 next week. And so, part of what 20% off does, it gives us a little bit of room between where we were and where we’re going from a communication standpoint.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
And Brian, I’ll just add something to that. The 20% off promotion of the mix and match promotion from a profitability standpoint is not significantly different, it’s just a different way of delivering a promotion to the consumers, so from a margin standpoint, our franchisees and our corporate stores have not been really impacted in a significant ways with this transaction — with this promotion. And so we feel really good about that piece of it as well.
Brian Bittner — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for next question. And our next questions comes from the line of Peter Saleh from BTIG. Your line is open.
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Great, thanks. Russell, I just wanted to come back to those comments you just made, the tension on inflation, we’ve had double-digit inflation really all year. yet, it seems like the commentary and the rhetoric around the impact on the consumer seems a little bit more I guess pronounced right now. So can you just talk about what you’re seeing and maybe what’s changed there? Let me if you feel like I guess has the inflation just caught up with the consumer more broadly or just what’s changed on that side, given that we’ve had really double-digit inflation for really three quarters so far this year?
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Peter, thanks for the question. For us, here at Domino’s, our approach to whether it’s an inflation environment or non-inflation environment is we need to be the best relative value out there in the QSR industry. Interestingly enough, and it was exactly what our internal research predicted when we went from USD5.99 to USD6.99, we still remain a great relative value on the delivery side. Things have changed, prices, cost inputs have changed, and our research now indicates we can do the same thing on the carryout side and we’ll still remain a large relative value. So really that’s our role within this inflationary environment is to be a strong relative value in QSR for our customers.
Peter Saleh — BTIG — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for next question. Our next question comes from the line of Sara Senatore from Bank of America. Your line is open.
Sara Senatore — Bank of America — Analyst
Hi, thank you. Two-part question if I may. One was just on company margins and how to think about that versus franchisees. Labor hours or labor cost was sort of stable, the pressure was stable quarter over quarter even though your comps were a lot better. So is that signaling more wages or more hours in response to driver shortage and are franchisees seeing something similar?
And then second, I guess if you were to choose to re-franchise the Michigan market to help mitigate the impact of on company margins, is the refranchising strategy a headwind to doing that? I know you talked about 70 basis points of comp headwind, which is pretty much unchanged, but just trying to understand the appetite for that. Thanks.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Sara. I’ll take the first part of the question and then Russell will pick up on the second piece on the re-franchising opportunity. So I think on the company margins or what we saw there was a multitude of headwinds, definitely the food basket and some investments in labor that we had to make over there, but I was going to step back a little bit and talk about total company margins and a number one, the refranchising of these two markets essentially will be margin accretive to total company margins and it will start showing up in the fourth quarter, but I think specifically talking about corporate stores margins, we’ve talked about this in the previous quarters as well. But from a pricing standpoint, I think we were slightly behind where the franchisees were in taking pricing and I think as the inflationary headwinds have actually built, whether it’s the food basket or the investments in labor that we have to make in our stores, that has been a pinch point for company operating margins. As we’ve talked about, we are evolving even the national offers right now on the carryout side and this benefit will come into the company-operated stores as well as the franchisee stores obviously and I think with what we’ve actually done in terms of changes that we’ve talked about since the last quarter, we’re really pleased with the sequential improvement that we saw in same-store sales, it went from minus 9% to minus 1.9% in the second quarter and the third quarter. So that’s very encouraging and this ends up being a leading indicator of where we can take our profitability of the corporate stores going forward. So it’s not going to be an overnight fix, but a lot of the actions, including pricing already underway. So I think it’s more a question of time to actually see this play out in terms of total profit margins. So, Russell, on franchising.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Thanks for the question, Sara. The the franchising or refranchising strategy for us is really more I would think of it as a growth strategy. In USA, our corporate store markets are there to unlock growth in two ways, like sometimes, we’re going to buy a market like we did in Michigan and there it was to kind of redistribute stores and own some ourselves and unlock what is the market that we think have a lot of upside. In some cases, the unlocking of growth and the creation of franchisees that are going to be our future is done through refranchising and that’s what was done most recently in our markets in Phoenix and Salt Lake City. And I would like to spend a few seconds just talking about what it means when we refranchise stores in this particular instance because really it’s what makes Domino’s so special and maybe there are people who are listening to the call now who are interested in drivers positions and let me tell you why you should be interested because our drivers become franchisees, right. We sold stores, we refranchised stores to our franchisees in Arizona and Utah, 11 franchisees purchased those, three of them were first time franchisees, right. Two of them were former corporate employees. Remember, 95% of our franchisees started out as employees making Pizza or driving. Six franchisees purchased the first store they ever worked in and so that’s part of the American dream which is Domino’s. So in this case, we don’t run locking growth and new franchisees.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for next question. Our next question comes from the line of John Glass from Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.
John Glass — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Thanks, good morning. Can you talk about the outlook for the global unit growth balance of year or maybe into next year? You signaled that U.S. would slow, I think you’re seeing that. international closures were higher. I’m not certain if this is all just contained in this quarter, but can you sort of talk about how you think about that, and just more generally, are you starting to see some constraints on international development given inflation, given supply chain, are there any concerns that you might see further deterioration or slowing, I should say, in international store growth ex those closures given changing macro environment? Thanks.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
John, this is Sandeep, and I think on the outlook for global unit growth, we are really bullish, I think things are looking very strong in terms of where the potential for growth exists, we’ve talked previously about 10,000 potential stores on top 15 markets, that hasn’t changed in terms of the calculus, looking at the more specific recent quarter, we’ve already flagged that in the U.S. but it’s been the permitting and construction delays that we were dealing with, we’re going to see a slowdown. The slowdown has come. So we saw that as a part of it and I think specifically internationally, we talked about the exit of the Italian market by master franchisee as a key driver of the decline. And I think in Brazil, we had our master franchisee that are continuing to optimize the market, there were some stores that closed in the first quarter and they closed some more stores in the third quarter. So, I wouldn’t really read through much into this in terms of where the long-term international trends are going, it is very strong in terms of potential. I talked in the prepared remarks about the paybacks on our U.S. stores. They’re very compelling. They are around three years — from more recent years by 2018 and 2019 seems to be on track as well. I can assure you that the international paybacks are even better. So, the runway that you’ve got over there is very, very strong and we’re very confident of that.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for next question. Our next question comes from line of Brian Mullan from Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.
Brian Mullan — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Hey, thank you. I think in the prepared remarks, you said it was an 8-point gap between the top quintile and the bottom quintile of stores this quarter in delivery, another sequential improvement. My question is, can you give us a sense of what the historical gap between the top and bottom quintiles for delivery was prior to COVID and when you get back to that normal gap, is that an indicator that the driver issue is getting close to solved in your mind just at that we’re measuring that internally as you make progress?
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Brian, thanks for that question. You are right, I mean the 8-point gap that we’re seeing on delivery is higher than we’ve seen historically, but again, let’s just keep in mind, it was 17 points in Q1, it was 11 points in Q2 and now it’s 8 points. It is still higher. And there is still a bit more work to be done, but we continue to make progress as Russell talked about in the prepared remarks. So the key over here is we have to restore service to the levels that our customers are accustomed to. And we also need to make sure that we’re able to fulfill all the demand that comes our way. It’s when those things actually happen that we know we’ve actually returned to where we need to be and I think as far as we’re concerned, we continue to look for progress points as we make sequential progress through the year and we’re very confident that the answer is probably within the system like we’ve talked about previously, but I think we continue to look at proof points, we’ll keep talking about it as we go through the next quarter.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of John Ivankoe from JPMorgan. Your line is open. Hi, thank you. It’s John Ivankoe. The question was on U.S. unit development. I know we talked about, your slowdown has come I think Sandeep your quote. But looking at the 172 units year-over-year of the 2.7%, is that — I guess is that the bottom in terms of growth, I mean how should we be thinking about the next fourth quarter firstly, but also the next 12 months in terms of those levels that you have achieved in the previous 12 months. I mean is that stable, higher or lower from here? I guess it’s the first question. And then secondly, I just wanted to understand if there is any symbolism in terms of the modest cutbacks in G&A and the more significant cutbacks in capex, is that more timing oriented or are there other changes in the business that are going to be more lasting? Thank you.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, John. Appreciate the questions, though I think in terms of the U.S. units, so we flagged this back at the end of the second quarter when we talked about the expected slowdown was due to the permitting and construction delays that we were seeing, I think it’s expected to impact definitely the balance of the year, as we’ve talked about earlier, and frankly until we see the permitting and construction delays completely abate, it is going to be a headwind, but I think what we do see is, once we get past that headwind, the demand is very strong from our franchisees. So we should see [Technical Issue] to prior norms in terms of growth rates and that’s why we really are very convinced that we are on our way to that 8,000 plus mark and I think it’s more a question of getting past these macro disruptions that we’re seeing over here.
And then I think when it comes to the G&A and capex adjustments to guidance. I’ll take the G&A one first. Now. the G&A is impacted a little bit by the refranchising of stores that we talked about, right. So with the some of the — corporate stores in Arizona and Utah now moving into the franchise P&L, the G&A structure that was going with those stores when they were corporate stores wouldn’t really hit our G&A and it’s part of the driver of it and there are some other small elements of adjustments in terms of expenses that actually went into that as well. So, but it’s not, it’s not major, it’s just more of a reclass between corporate stores and franchise stores.
And I think on capex, if you look at our run rate on capex, the $120 million was a bit of a tick up. We expected to have heavier spend on some of our supply chain investments. We just pretty much sliding it forward. So I don’t think it’s going to change the cadence of how much spend we’re going to have, it’s just more of a timing impact starting forward.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for next question. Our next question comes from the line of Gregory Francfort from Guggenheim. Your line is open.
Gregory Francfort — Guggenheim — Analyst
Hey, thanks for the question. Russell, I have a question about just pricing elasticity and I think it’s interesting that a a lot of your competitors have taken the delivery prices up 25%, 30% above their in-store prices and you guys. It’s pretty consistent. But you guys I think have a little bit higher delivery fees. Is that because of maybe some work on the elasticity of pricing in the delivery fees versus in the menu and is there an opportunity to widen out maybe the delivery prices versus the in-store pricing over time for Domino’s? Thanks.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Gregory, thanks for the questions. As we’ve said on prior calls, delivery fees and the menu prices are both franchisees’ decision on what to make. What we do there though is we provide them with what the competitive context is at a local level and there is certainly our recommendations that are based on data on where you need to be versus the competition. And all that’s taken into account when they set their pricing relative to our national pricing.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question comes from the line of Andrew Strelzik from BMO. Your line is open.
Andrew Strelzik — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst
Hey, good morning. I was hoping you could elaborate a little bit on your comments about efficiencies in the cost structure, which is something you mentioned in prior quarters as well. But are you continuing to find incremental efficiency opportunities in recent months or is this more kind of execution of the initiatives you’ve been talking about? And then, is there anything at the store level technology or otherwise that you’re exploring to potentially help from an efficiency perspective?
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Andrew, thanks for the question on — in terms of efficiencies in the cost structure. I think from the beginning of the year, we’ve been talking about, continue to look at it, I think it’s a combination of are there cost that actually could be eliminated if it makes sense to eliminate, but more importantly it’s resource allocation, how do we redeploy resources to the best returns and so I think in terms of the journey that we’re on those, it’s not really changed that much from what we talked about when I first talked to you in April, and I think we’ll continue to do this as we move forward, not just in the fourth quarter, but into ’23 as well. And so from that standpoint, there’s nothing I think more than that, but I think from a technology and supply chain standpoint, if you had a question, Russell will add some comments to that on that.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I think you’re absolutely right on the efficiency standpoint, it’s something we’ve been looking to drive and we’ll continue to look to drive it. I think there are really two ways that we’re doing it. One is in the physical circle of operations and bringing in and codify as best practices that we’re going to talk about in a future call for this part of what I told you I was so excited to see when I was down in Houston. In addition to what we can do with the physical circle of operation, we have a next generation suite of store systems that we’ve already launched and we’re going to continue to launch, that really just tries to automate some of the more manual decision making and optimize the efficiency and the effectiveness of our stores. So we’re looking at from a human centered design standpoint and also how can technology help us.
Operator
One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Andrew Charles from Cowen. Your line is open.
Andrew Charles — Cowen and Company — Analyst
Great, thank you. Russ. I know you said brand health scores are pre-COVID highs. But I wanted to dig in a little bit more just around the evolution in modernization recent years with things that drove your success in the prior 10 years, menu innovation, loyalty, digital and advertising and really my question is looking beyond boost weeks and beyond 4Q, what work is being done to advance the ball on these core four parts of the playbook to help you guys grow traffic in 2023 and beyond in a more competitive delivery environment as well as pizza category?
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Andrew, thanks for the question. I mean you’re right. Certainly, during the last couple of years, we were adjusting as things kind of came our way. So the long-term planning and kind of the stories you’re used to seeing from Domino’s maybe took a little bit of a backseat to just trying to adjust to what was going on the environment, but I fully expect obviously we can talk about the future, but what you’ve seen from us before, which are these, Oh, yes, we did stories that are adjusting to what’s going on in society, technology innovation, not only for the customer but in store. From an innovation standpoint, I think we’re really unique and we will continue to be unique and that we just don’t launch products for product stake that we’re spending all this money and then they come out of the market. We launched incremental platforms and those platforms work really well into our mix and match deal, and we know when we work them into our mix and match deal, it increases items per order. And that’s a healthy way to drive ticket. So I think you’re right on in how you assessed the way we’ve grown the business and that’s how we’re going to be focused moving forward.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for next question. Our next question comes from the line of Chris O’Cull from Stifel. Your line is open.
Patrick — Stifel — Analyst
Thanks guys, this is Patrick on for Chris. My question relates to the supply chain. Am I right in thinking that unit volumes remain down year-over-year along with transactions, and if so, what opportunities are there to improve volumes outside of unit and transaction growth in that segment? Would you consider adding new products or potentially some other alternative that makes strategic sense of the business as a whole?
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Chris — sorry, Patrick, thanks for the question. And I think specifically on supply chain. If you go and look at the most recent quarter, yes. Unit volume was down just because I think there was a driver — there was a partial offset to the fact that market basket pricing was up by 13.4%. But I think overall when we look at the actual dynamics of what happened in the margin, there were two different things. I think you had fuel and labor costs, basically were also a headwind that actually impacted the supply chain margins in the quarter which sequentially was a change. It was actually a hardening impact compared to the second quarter and that’s why you saw margins shift a little bit downwards in terms of the gap versus the prior year and just a reminder. I think we’ve said this before but supply chain margins in an increasing cost environment will contract because we have a constant dollar margin on whatever food product we sell, in the opposite situation where cost decline and food cost decline, it would be seeing improving margins. So this is nothing new in terms of our business model and the model that we apply to how we price for the franchisees and so we expect to see this headwind for the balance of the year given where we’re projecting the food basket.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Lauren Silberman from Credit Suisse. Your line is open.
Lauren Silberman — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Thanks so much. I wanted to ask about the increase in the [indecipherable] mix and match for carryout [indecipherable]. Can you talk about the decision to change the carryout price now versus increasing it in March alongside delivery? Is elasticity lower than expected to get more comfort raising it on carryout or any other factors that went into the decision? Thank you.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Lauren. I think what’s really important is really think about the philosophy on how we would look at pricing in the company and it’s not new, it’s not decided this year, it has been happening over the last decade or more and I think there is key elements to it. One is, I think we would look at our input costs and essentially what it does in terms of long-term store profitability for the franchisees and our own corporate stores, but then we also look at the relative consumer price points and competition in the marketplace. So when do you actually peel back to the decision to adjust the delivery mix and match back in March, all of these factors were taken into consideration. But I think we saw that there have been some hardening in costs was in the labor side and because delivery is a more labor intensive channel of business, we had visibility to that where the increases tend to be more permanent in nature and to drive the contribution margin that was needed on the delivery side, we believe it was needed to make that adjustment to the mix and match price of delivery in March. While food basket had already started going up, what has happened historically is it’s been very volatile, it can go up, but it could also reverse. So we wanted to make sure that the increase in costs that we are seeing on the food basket were likely to sustain and also we’ve examined over the last six months, how competitive pricing has actually evolved in the marketplace. So when you take both those elements into consideration, competitive price shift as well as the fact that the food basket has continued to harden, we believe now is the right time to make the change in the carryout mix and match as well to drive that profitability for the franchisees and for ourselves.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Jared Garber from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.
Jared Garber — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Hi, thanks for the question. Russell, you made some comments around maybe the shift that you’re seeing or potentially will see in the delivery business versus the carryout business as it relates to consumer demand and some more pressure on the consumer. Can you talk about that dynamic in international markets as well. And maybe give us a little bit of a sense of the breakdown on carryout versus delivery there and I know we heard some good color on the UK market, some of the bad impact there, but certainly the macroeconomic outlook in broader Europe is a little bit more challenged as we go forward. So, any color on how we should be thinking about that or how you’re thinking about that and what you’re hearing and seeing from franchisees would be great. Thanks.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah Jared, I think just a couple of points on that before I get into the international markets, which I think was the bulk of it talking about the demand change. So I think what we talked about in the prepared remarks was specifically on delivery, there could be some pressure due to the macroeconomic environment and inflationary environment. But I think overall from a carryout standpoint versus delivery, as we’ve said in the prepared remarks is very little overlap between the two businesses. I think there’s two pretty unique businesses. So we don’t necessarily see switch out between the two channels, but I think overall when we talk about the impact of inflation, it is not just a domestic impact, it’s international as well. So the same dynamics that we talked about being a pressure point would be impact internationally, including the UK that we talked about and I think the risk is when you have a very significant inflation, consumers may actually switch to cooking at home and preparing food at all and that’s just the risk factor. We are in unprecedented inflationary times. So how consumer behavior evolves right now is still a little bit more to be seen, but our testing model show that there is a higher likelihood of switch if inflation remains at these elevated levels.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I would add to that what Sandeep said is when pricing hits on the delivery side, people tend to more go to cook at home. When pricing hits on the carryout side, folks tend to look at relative value, and that’s really where we win. And a lot of the growth I mentioned earlier, we’re the number one carryout pizza brand at least in the U.S. but the fact is we also source a lot of our carryout volume from other QSR, so during times globally where pricing is going up on our carryout business is actually should be a source of volume.
Operator
Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Dennis Geiger from UBS. Your line is open.
Dennis Geiger — UBS — Analyst
Thanks for the question. Sandeep, you spoke a strong franchisee demand to open new stores in the U.S., particularly as you get past the supply chain and the permitting delays. So I’m just wondering if you could speak a little bit more to sort of franchisee health across the U.S., as we think about the cost pressures that the industry has been facing as well as now sort of higher interest rates, just sort of where sentiment is now broadly for for your franchisees here in the States.
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, you know, I think when we talk to our franchisees and obviously when we went through this recent refranchising transaction as well, significant discussions around potential growth. And I think every time we actually have these discussions, we’re talking about good potential, so the growth pipeline is very clearly seen by our franchisees and they partner with us very extensively on how the tap into that growth pipeline and. And so this comes from multiple conversations that are happening across the organization, they happen with all of our leadership and the organization with Russell of course and I’m really confident because I’ve seen the level of confidence building since I have come in. So when I came in in April I think things were pretty much at the toughest point they were, but I think every quarter that I have been over here sequentially. I’ve seen an improving sentiment because solutions are being found, I think collectively, we’re seeing improvements in performance. And I think the latest decision that we’ve actually taken on the national offer has been very well received by our franchisee system and we’re all excited to drive long-term profitability.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
And I would just add to that, for me, working and with Domino’s franchisees is leave it as part of my job. Next week, we have our franchisees coming in, annually, we have an economic summit. And so this is something we do every year and I’m looking forward to seeing them again and I thought maybe as we get towards the end of the conversation, I would tell you a little bit about what I’m going to be talking them, how excited I am at what they’re doing. So Sandeep talked about sequential improvements, that means Q3 better than Q2 better than Q1. So same-store sales one year and three-year, Q2 is better than Q1, Q3 is better than Q2. Service times, they got better in Q2 than Q1, they got better into Q3 than Q2. The gap between the first and fifth quintile is shrinking every quarter. The boost week performance, their service time in the second boost week was better than their service time in the first boost week and they are all in on future boost weeks getting back to how we used to do prior to the pandemic. They delivered one out of every three pizzas before the pandemic and they deliver one out of every three pizzas post. What is new and what they should be congratulated for is we’ve emerged now is a number one carryout brand. And so from a total pizza market share standpoint, we’re up 200 basis points versus three years ago, and that’s just an amazing accomplishment. Maybe one more question.
Operator
Thank you. We do have one last question. Our last question comes from the line of Alexander Slagle from Jefferies. Your line is open.
Alexander Slagle — Jefferies — Analyst
Hey, thanks guys. Follow-up question on the G&A, as you have ratcheted that down — down the outlook fairly meaningfully through the year and talked about the refranchising impact but curious if there is a deeper structural change beyond this that can extend past this year and is it possible we see G&A spend next year ramping less than typical or conversely is there — are there some timing shifts that might drive more of an increase in ’23?
Sandeep Reddy — Chief Financial Officer
So, Alex, so on this I think I would just go back to what I said previously on G&A. The big driver of it was the refranchising transaction. Our G&A basically shifts out of corporate stores into the franchisee system. And I think — but in terms of how we would look at it, we’ve always continued to make investments to fuel growth. We will continue to make investments to fuel growth. The growth algorithm is very much intact for the company. And so I don’t expect to have structural reductions in G&A. But at the same time, we just need to be very — very thoughtful about where we allocate the resources that we are investing in and that’s really more the focus of it than absolute reductions in G&A.
Operator
Thank you. That’s all the time we have for Q&A, I’d like to turn the call back over to Russell for any closing remarks.
Russel Weiner — Chief Executive Officer
Well, thanks everyone for joining this morning, we appreciate it and Sandeep and I will look forward to speaking with you in our full year ’22 results. Have a great day and great weekend.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]