Intel Corporation (NASDAQ:INTC) Q4 2022 Earnings Call dated Jan. 26, 2023.
Corporate Participants:
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Ross Seymore — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Vivek Arya — Bank of America — Analyst
Timothy Arcuri — UBS — Analyst
C.J. Muse — Evercore ISI — Analyst
Matthew Ramsay — Cowen — Analyst
Toshiya Hari — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Joseph Moore — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Thank you for standing by, and welcome to Intel Corporation’s Fourth Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, today’s program is being recorded.
And now I’d like to introduce your host for today’s program, Mr. John Pitzer, Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, Jonathan. By now, you should have received a copy of the Q4 earnings release and earnings presentation, both of which are available on our investor website, intc.com. For those joining us online today, the earnings presentation is also available in our webcast window. I am joined today by our CEO, Pat Gelsinger; and our CFO, David Zinsner. In a moment, we will hear brief comments from both followed by a Q&A session.
Before we begin, please note that today’s discussion does contain forward-looking statements based on the environment as we currently see it. As such, it does involve risks and uncertainties. Our press release provides more information on the specific risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. We’ve also provided both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures this quarter, and we will be speaking to the non-GAAP financial measures when describing our consolidated results. The earnings release and earnings presentation include full GAAP and non-GAAP reconciliation.
With that, let me turn things over to Pat.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, John, and good afternoon, everyone. Q4 revenue came in at the low end of guide and was impacted by persistent macro headwinds, which began in Q2 and underscored 2022 characterized by unprecedented volatility, which will continue in the near term. We made meaningful progress on several fronts in calendar year 2022, notwithstanding all the challenges, but we readily admit our results and our Q1 guidance are below what we expect of ourselves.
We are working diligently to address the challenges brought on by current demand trends and remain confident in our long-term plans and trajectory. Accordingly, we are even more aggressively executing on the cost measures we described in Q3, even as we keep the investments critical to our long-term transformation intact with a clear eye of making the right capital allocation decision to drive the most long-term value.
Today, I’d like to address three areas.
One, is our view on the macro and the markets in which we participate.
Two, the operational progress we made in 2022.
Three, as we enter the New Year outlining the commitments we are making to all our stakeholders.
First, on the macro. We expect macro weakness to persist at least through the first half of the year with the possibility of second-half improvements. However, given the uncertainty in the current environment, we are not going to provide revenue guidance beyond Q1. Dave will provide guidelines for capital spending, depreciation and adjusted free cash flow in his prepared comments.
Having said that, let me give you additional color regarding our view of our markets in 2023. To various degrees, all our markets are being impacted by macro uncertainty, rising interest rates, geopolitical tensions in Europe, and COVID impacts in Asia, especially in China. In the PC market, we saw a further deterioration as we ended calendar year 2022.
In Q3, we provided an estimate for the calendar year 2023 PC consumption TAM of 270 million to 295 million units. Given continued uncertainty and demand signals we see in Q1, we expect the lower end of that range is a more likely outcome. Near term, the PC ecosystem continues to deplete inventory. For all of calendar year 2022, our sell-in was roughly 10% below consumption with Q4 under shipping meaningfully higher than full year, and Q1 expected to grow again to represent the most significant inventory digestion in our data set. While we know this dynamic will need to reverse, predicting one is difficult.
Importantly, PC usage data remains strong, reinforcing that use cases brought on by COVID are persistent even as the economy has reopened. And as we highlighted in our recent PC webinar, strong usage and installed base, which is roughly 10% higher than pre-COVID levels and what we see as a conservative refresh rate supports a longer-term PC TAM of 300 million units plus or minus, post-this period of adjustment.
We intend to capitalize on this TAM through a strong pipeline of innovation and based on the growing strength of our product portfolio, customers are increasingly betting on Intel. We grew share in the second half of 2022, and we expect that positive momentum to continue in ’23. We remain clear-eyed on managing to near-term weakness in PCs but we also see the enduring and increasing value PCs have in our daily lives.
In the server market, the overall consumption TAM grew modestly in calendar year 2022, albeit at diminishing rates as the year progressed. Inventory burn drove server CPU shipments down mid-single digits year-on-year in calendar year 2022 with hyper-scale up, offset by declines in enterprise and Rest of World. Our share in calendar year 2022 was in line with our subdued expectations, and our revenue volatility was a function of TAM, especially given our outsized exposure to enterprise and China.
We expect Q1 server consumption TAM to decline both sequentially and year-over-year at an accelerated rate with first half 2023 server consumption TAM down year-on-year before returning to growth in the second half. While all segments have weakened, enterprise and Rest of World, especially China, continues to be weaker than hyperscale. However, we’d highlight that the correction in enterprise and rest of the world, where we have stronger positions are further along than hyperscale.
Lastly, in our broad-based markets like industrial, auto and infrastructure, demand trends throughout calendar year 2022 were strong but not completely immune to the macro volatility. Strong demand in these markets was mirrored by strong Q4 and record calendar year 2022 revenue in NEX, PSG, IFS and Mobileye. We see calendar year 2023 as another growth year for us in these areas even though the absolute rate is difficult to predict today. This is in contrast to the semi-market ex-memory, which third parties expect to decline low to mid-single digits. We entered 2023 with a view that much of the macro uncertainty of the last year is likely to persist, especially in the first half of the year.
As such, we are laser-focused on executing to our $3 billion in calendar year 2023 cost savings that we committed on our Q3 earnings call. We are making tough decisions to rightsize the organization and we further sharpened our business focus within our BUs by rationalizing product road maps and investments. NEX continues to do well and is a core part of our strategic transformation, but we will end future investments in our network switching product line, while still fully supporting existing products and customers.
Since my return, we have exited seven businesses, providing in excess of $1.5 billion in savings. We are also well underway to integrating AHG into CCG and DCI, respectively, to drive a more effective go-to-market capability, accelerating the scale of these businesses while further reducing costs. While it was important to focus on what we are doing to address the current macro uncertainty, it is also important to highlight that despite disappointing financial results, calendar year 2022 did see considerable progress towards our transformation. We remain fully committed to executing to our strategy to deliver leadership products, anchored on open and secure platforms, powered by at-scale manufacturing and supercharged by our people. Success starts with our people and execution follows culture.
In calendar year 2022, we took important strides to rebuild the leadership team, promoting from within and adding fresh perspectives from the outside. This includes the Board of Directors, with the addition of Lip-Bu Tan and Barbara Novick, both of whom have already made significant contributions and the appointment of Frank Yeary as Chair. In addition, a year ago, we reestablished OKRs to drive accountability and transparency across the organization, and we reintroduced TikTok 2 to establish a rigorous methodology of design and product development. Both are key spark plugs to our execution engine.
Rebuilding the culture has begun to show benefits in manufacturing and design. Our progress against our TV roadmap continue to improve throughout calendar year 2022 and every quarter, our confidence grows. We are at/or ahead of our goal of 5 nodes in four years. Intel 7 is now in high-volume manufacturing for both client and server. On Intel 4, we are ready today for manufacturing, and we look forward to the Meteor Lake ramp in second half of the year. Intel 3 continues to show great health and is on track.
Intel 4 and 3 are our first modes deploying EUV, and will represent a major step forward in terms of transistor performance per watt and density. On Intel 20A and Intel 18A, the first nodes to benefit from RibbonFETs and PowerVia, internal test chips and those of a major potential foundry customer have taped out with the silicon running in the fab. We continue to be on track to regain transistor performance and power performance leadership by 2025.
Progress in TD continues to be validated by our IFS pipeline. I am happy that we were able to add a leading cloud edge and data center solutions provider as a leading edge customer for Intel 3 including prior customers. Such as MediaTek, we now have lifetime deal value of greater than $4 billion for IFS. We also have an active pipeline engagements with seven out of the 10 largest foundry customers coupled with consistent pipeline growth to include 43 potential customers and ecosystem partner test chips.
Additionally, we continue to make progress on Intel 18A, and I’ve already shared the engineering release of PDK0.5 with our lead customers and expect to have the final production release in the next few weeks. In addition, we are working hard to complete the Tower acquisition, which will further amplify our momentum as our foundry business becomes even more compelling to customers.
On the product front, the PRQ of Sapphire Rapids in Q3 and the formal introduction of our 4th Gen Xeon scalable CPU and Xeon CPU MAX series better known to many of you as Sapphire Rapids and Sapphire Rapids HBM, respectively, on January 10 was a great milestone. It was particularly satisfying to host a customer-centered event, including testimonials from Dell, Google Cloud, HPE, Lenovo, Microsoft Azure and NVIDIA, among many others. We are thrilled to be ramping production to meet a strong backlog of demand, and we are on track to ship 1 million units by midyear.
In addition, as part of AHG moves into DCAI. It is noteworthy that our Intel Flex series optimized for and showing clear leadership in media stream density and visual quality is now shifting initial deployments with large CSPs and MNCs, enabling large-scale cloud gaming and media delivery deployments. Our DCAI road-map only improves from here and will rapid to sampling and has completed power on with top OEM and CSP customers, and it remains on track to launch in the second half of 2023. Granite Rapids, our next performance core addition to the Xeon portfolio is on track to launch in 2024, running multiple operating systems across many different configurations. Further, our first efficient core product, CFR is also on track for 2024.
Lastly, it is appropriate to continue to highlight PSG for its standout performance delivering record Q4 revenue up 42% year-on-year. We are planning to have a more fulsome look at our progress in BCEI at our next investor webinar later in Q1. Stay tuned for the invitation.
In CCG, we continue to build on our market share momentum across the PC stack by focusing on delivering leadership products with our broad open ecosystem. I’m particularly pleased that our clear performance leadership at the high end drove record client ASPs in the quarter. In Q4, the 13th Gen Intel Core desktop processor family, codename, Raptor Lake, became available, starting with the desktop K processors and the Intel Z790 chipset. In partnership with ASUS, we officially set a new world record for overclocking, pushing the 13th Gen Intel Core past the 9 gigahertz barrier for the first time ever.
Hands down, we provide desktop enthusiasts and gamers with the best processors and features for overclocking in the PC industry. We also introduced our notebook Raptor Lake family at CES, including the world’s fastest notebook CPU and the first 24 cores. We look forward to ramping the more than 300 mobile design wins we have already secured in the first half of 2023.
Meteor Lake, our first disaggregated CPU built on Intel 4, remains on track for the second half of the year. And with Meteor Lake progressing well, it’s now appropriate to look forward to Lunar Lake, which is on track for production readiness in 2024, having taped out its first silicon. Lunar Lake is optimized for ultra-low power performance, which will enable more of our PC partners to create ultra-thin and light systems for mobile users.
In addition, as we outlined on our webinar, we are excited by the strength of the Evo brand. The introduction of Unison for leadership multi-device experience as we ramp the more than 60 design wins and the uniqueness of vPro in the enterprise market, helping our customers drive an almost 200% return on investment by deploying vPro platforms to their end users.
Lastly, as consumer graphics reintegrate into CCG, enthusiasm for our latest Alchemist-based discrete graphics products continue to build and we expect volume ramp throughout the year.
Turning to NEX and Mobileye. Both businesses have performed well in Q4 and calendar year ’22, partially insulated by some of the market forces impacting PCs and server. NEX hit the key product milestones with Mount Evans, Raptor Lake P&S, and Alder Lake and Sapphire Rapids to drive a second consecutive year of double-digit year-on-year growth in calendar year ’22. We expect market share gains and outperformance to continue in ’23. Mobileye increased revenue by almost 60% year-on-year in Q4 and is on a solid growth path for calendar year ’23. Calendar year ’22 design wins, including supervision, are projected to generate future revenue of approximately $6.7 billion across 64 million units.
In addition, our manufacturing organization performed well throughout calendar year ’22. Starting the year, navigating the worst supply-constrained environment in over 20 years, only to have to pivot in Q2 to respond to rapidly changing demand signals, which are now driving near-term under-loading in our factory network. More importantly, we continue to push forward with the next phase of IBM 2.0 creating an internal foundry, evolving our systems business practices and culture to establish a leadership cost structure. This new approach is already gaining momentum internally.
As a reminder, the internal foundry model will place our BUs in a similar economic footing as external IFS customers, and will allow our manufacturing group and BUs to be more agile, make better decisions and uncover efficiency and cost savings. We have identified nine different subcategories for operational improvement that our teams will aggressively pursue.
In addition to establishing better incentives, this new approach will provide transparency on our financial execution, allowing us to better benchmark ourselves against other foundries and drive to best-in-class performance. We’ll also provide improved transparency to our owners as we expect to share full internal foundry P&L in calendar year 2024. Ultimately, allowing you to better judge how we are allocating your capital and creating value. We expect additional efficiencies as we implement our internal foundry model, which is a key element to accomplish our $8 billion to $10 billion of cost savings exiting 2025, as we outlined on our last call.
I want to remind everyone that, we are on a multi-year journey. We remain focused on the things that are within our control as we navigate short-term headwinds, while executing to our long-term strategy. While I remain sober that, we have a long way to achieve our financial expectations, I am pleased with the transformation progress that we are making. I can tell you, in addition to obviously focusing on the day-to-day running of the company we continue to examine numerous additional value-creating initiatives for 2023 as we always do. We will update you as we move along on any we deem appropriate. Rest assured, we remain committed to creating value for our owners and to delivering the long-term strategic road map we laid out at the beginning of this journey, and we are confident in our ability to do so.
We will, one, deliver on five nodes in four years, achieving process performance parity in 2024 and unquestioned leadership by 2025 with Intel 18A. Two, execute on an aggressive Sapphire Rapids ramp introduced Emerald Rapids in second half ’23 and Granite Rapids and CR4s in 2024. Three, ramp Meteor Lake in second half ’23 and PRQ Lunar Lake in 2024, and four, expand our IFS customer base to include large design wins on Intel 16, Intel 3 and 18A this year.
We also need to improve our cost structure and drive operational efficiency. On this front, we will one, return to profitability and deliver the benefits of our calendar year ’23, ’24, and ’25 efforts to reduce costs and drive efficiencies. Two, execute on our internal foundry P&L by 2024. And three, expand on the use of our smart capital strategy to leverage multiple pools of capital, including skips and chips in the US and Europe to balance our long-term capacity aspirations with near-term realities.
Before I turn it over to Dave, I’m going to close by saying, we take our commitments to all our stakeholders extremely seriously, and ultimately, we strive to create value for each of them. For our customers, it is rebuilding our execution engine to provide a predictable cadence of best-in-class products to support their ambitions.
For our employees is to provide them with the opportunity to develop and bring to market world-changing technologies. It is what inspires each of us inside of the company. For our external owners is to make thoughtful, deliberate decisions around capital allocation, which drives the highest return on investment we make with your capital. Our ambitions are equal by our passion, and our efforts across manufacturing, design, products and foundry are well on their way to driving our transformation and creating the flywheel, which is IBM 2.0.
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Pat, and good afternoon, everyone. We saw solid business execution in the fourth quarter despite persistent macroeconomic headwinds impacting the semiconductor industry. As Pat indicated, we expect challenging macro conditions to continue through at least the first half of the year. As outlined last quarter, we’ll continue to prioritize investments critical to our transformation, prudently and aggressively managed expenses near-term and drive fundamental improvements in our cost structure longer term. We’re executing well towards our $3 billion target in 2023 and $8 billion to $10 billion exiting ’25.
Fourth quarter revenue was $14 billion, landing at the low end of our range and down 8% sequentially. Revenue from DCAI and NEX were in line with expectations, while CCG was impacted by softening demand for PCs. Gross margin for the quarter was 44%, slightly better than we had expected for the low end of our revenue range. Q4 gross margins were impacted 220 basis points from factory underload charges offsetting a sequential 170 basis point benefit from an insurance settlement. EPS for the quarter was $0.10, $0.10 below our guide on lower revenue and increased inventory reserves operating cash flow for the quarter was $7.7 billion. Net capex was $4.6 billion, resulting in an adjusted free cash flow of $3.1 billion and we paid dividends of $1.5 billion. We finished FY ’22 with revenue of $63.1 billion, gross margin of 47.3% and EPS of $1.84. We generated $15.4 billion of cash from operations and an adjusted free cash flow of approximately negative $4 billion at the low end of the range we provided last quarter, despite approximately $3 billion of capital incentives that shifted from Q4 into 2023. When we spoke at Investor Day last February, we forecasted revenue of $76 billion and adjusted free cash flow of negative $1 billion to $2 billion for FY ’22.
As macroeconomic conditions deteriorated at a rapid pace in second half of ’22, we committed to optimizing the areas of the business within our control. Through reductions in spending and significant working capital improvements, we offset a $13 billion reduction to revenue expectations to come within $2 billion of our initial adjusted free cash flow guide, while still making the needed capital investments in support of our IDM 2.0 strategy, and to position ourselves for long-term growth in a market expected to reach $1 trillion by 2030. Our balance sheet remains strong with cash and investment balances of more than $28 billion, modest leverage and a strong investment-grade profile.
Moving to fourth quarter business unit results. CCG revenue was $6.6 billion, a decline of 36% year-over-year as PC TAM deteriorated faster than expected due to macroeconomic headwinds. Customer inventory remains elevated beyond our previous expectations and will continue to burn into the first half of ’23. CCG realized record CPU ASPs, up 11% year-over-year as we continue to see relative strength in our premium segments driven by leadership performance and attractive features of our EVO and vPro platforms. Q4 operating profit was $0.7 billion, down year-over-year on lower revenue and increased Intel 7 product mix.
DCAI revenue was $4.3 billion in Q4, up 2% sequentially with higher ASPs offsetting demand softness and down 33% year-over-year driven by TAM contraction and competitive pressure. DCAI operating profit for the fourth quarter was $371 million. While still under satisfactory, profit was up more than $350 million sequentially on reduced factory costs. Operating profit was down substantially year-over-year, impacted by lower revenue, increased advanced node start-up costs and higher product costs.
Within DCAI, PSG achieved record Q4 revenue, up 42% year-over-year, along with record full-year revenue, up 29% year-over-year through increased ASPs, improved external supply and strength in the infrastructure segment. PSG enters 2023 with still significant unfulfilled backlog. NEX quarterly revenue was $2.1 billion, down 1% year-over-year as declining global GDP impacted the Edge business, offsetting growth in Xeon network CPUs and the ramp of our Mounts Evans infrastructure processing unit.
Despite second-half macro headwinds, NEX set another full-year record revenue at $8.9 billion up 11% year-over-year and marking consecutive years of double-digit revenue growth. Operating profit was $58 million in the fourth quarter, down on mix shift to lower-margin segments and higher factory start-up costs. AHG achieved record quarterly revenue of $247 million, up 34% sequentially and up 1 point year-over-year, supported by the launch of Sapphire Rapids HBM. Operating loss was $441 million, down $63 million sequentially, with inventory valuations negatively impacted by softer demand, especially for crypto processors.
Mobileye delivered another record revenue quarter of $565 million, up 26% sequentially and growth of more than $200 million and 59% year-over-year. Full-year revenue of $1.9 billion was also a record for Mobileye growing 35% year-over-year. Fourth quarter operating income of $210 million represents 71% growth year-over-year.
IFS achieved record quarterly revenue of $319 million, up 87% sequentially and 30% year-over-year on increased automotive shipments. Operating loss was $31 million, a $72 million improvement sequentially on higher revenue. We continue to reshape the company to drive to world-class product costs and operational efficiency. We remain committed to the $3 billion of ’23 cost savings outlined on our Q3 earnings call, while mindfully protecting the investments needed to accelerate our transformation and ensure we are well-positioned for long-term market growth.
Before turning to Q1 guidance, let me take a moment to discuss an accounting change that will impact our results beginning in the first quarter. Effective January 23, we increased the estimated useful life of certain production machinery and equipment from five years to eight years. This change better reflects the demonstrated economic value of our machinery and equipment over time and is more aligned with the business model changes inherent to our IDM 2.0 strategy. The growth of the IFS deal pipeline will extend the life of manufacturing nodes beyond what was practical within IDM 1.0. Disaggregated CPU architecture allows performance and cost optimization for each chiplet better leveraging older nodes. And we are optimizing our core business around more sustainable capacity quarters to improve equipment utilization and maximize ROIC.
The change will be applied prospectively beginning Q1 ’23. When compared to the estimated useful life in place as of the end of ’22, we expect total depreciation expense in ’23 to reduce by roughly $4.2 billion. An approximate $2.6 billion increase to gross profit, a $400 million decrease in R&D expense and a $1.2 billion decrease in ending inventory values. This change will not be counted towards the $3 billion short-term or $8 billion to $10 billion long-term structural cost improvements we committed last quarter, and is intended to provide the most accurate reflection of company financial results to our owners.
Now turning to guidance. For Q1, we expect first-quarter revenue of $10.5 billion to $11.5 billion. In addition to continued macro headwinds, we expect customers will burn inventory at a meaningfully faster pace than the prior few quarters in response to macro TAM softness impacting CCG, PCAI and the lines of business. We see potential for market conditions to improve faster than typical seasonality as third-party data shows macro headwinds easing in the second half of the year. While we’re progressing toward a $3 billion spending reduction with significant austerity across the company, given the fixed-cost nature of our business, we expect the sequential revenue decline will result in negative operating margin in the first quarter.
We’re forecasting gross margin of 39%, a tax rate of 13% and EPS of negative $0.15 at the midpoint of revenue guidance, inclusive of $350 million to $500 million of operating margin benefit from the useful life accounting change, split approximately 75% to cost of sales and 25% to opex. Factory underload charges are projected to impact Q1 like 400 basis points. We continue to evaluate all investments and will remain laser-focused on optimizing for ROI, adjusting for market conditions across operating expenses and capital assets. While we’re not providing guidance beyond Q1, I’ll touch on a few elements of our outlook. At Investor Day, we noted that during the investment phase of IDM 2.0 from 2022 through 2024, our model was to operate at approximately 35% net capital intensity.
For FY ’23, despite the lower revenue level, we expect to be at or below the 35% model. Embedded in our assumptions are capital offsets of around 20% to 30% of growth capex including our innovative Skip partnership with Brookfield. We expect FY ’23 operating expenses of under $20 billion, a roughly 10% year-over-year decline, consistent with committed cost-cutting measures totaling $2 billion, adjusting for the depreciation change. Adjusted free cash flow will be below our Investor Day guide of approximately neutral in the first half of ’23 and return back towards guardrails in second half ’23.
In closing, we remain committed to the strategy and long-term financial model we laid out at Investor Day last year. The opportunity for strong revenue growth across our business unit portfolio and free cash flow at 20% of revenue remains. While we’re not satisfied with near-term results, this market downturn represents an opportunity to accelerate the transformation necessary to achieve our long-term goals. I look forward to providing updates on our transformation journey as the year progresses.
With that, let me turn the call back over to John.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, Dave. We will now move into the Q&A portion of our call. As a reminder, we ask each caller to ask one question and a brief follow-up question where applicable.
With that, Jonathan, can we please take the first caller?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Certainly. [Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from the line of Ross Seymore from Deutsche Bank. Your question, please.
Ross Seymore — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Hi guys. Thanks for let me ask a question. I guess, Dave, to hit on some of the revenue questions or items you just said, do you expect the first quarter to be the bottom in absolute dollars through the year? And any color between the segments? It seems like it’s exceedingly a CCG problem right now in the quarter, or is it broader than that?
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So you want to go first?
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
No.
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
So let me — I’ll start, and Pat’s going to add some color.
So on the $11 billion, we’re expecting most of the business units to be down sequentially, double digits. We’re not going to provide guidance for the rest of the year. But I did say that the first half is likely to be seeing these inventory corrections.
The other thing I would just add is maybe color to position the year is that we’re expecting Q1 to be the most significant inventory decline at our customers that we’ve seen in recent history.
So it’s — if you look back over the last four or five quarters of reduction, this will be meaningfully higher than all of those quarters. So, obviously, that is impacting the Q1 outlook.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And clearly, as we look at Q1, affected by macro significant inventory adjustments, and that’s affecting clearly clients but also data center as well. And we do see that year-on-year, quarter-on-quarter data center to be down as well. And we think that’s a macro statement across all segments across cloud, enterprise, government and uniquely China.
Part of our more positive expectation for the second half of the year is clearly from our customers and what we’ve heard from them but also with expected some level of recovery from China as well.
So overall, clearly, a major inventory correction cycle and coming after back-to-school and how do they refresh our customers clearly wanting to take more aggressive steps as they adjust. But that inventory adjustment is well below their sell-out rates. So for that, we do believe that we will see recovery as they have made those inventory adjustments, and we’ll see the business be stronger as we go through the year.
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Ross, do you have a follow-up?
Ross Seymore — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
I do. Quickly, Dave, I want to pivot to the gross margin side of things, excluding the change in the depreciable life side of the equation, I know revenue is the biggest headwind right now. But you had talked at the Investor Day last year about a 51% to 53% gross margin range and you want to operate within those bands. What does it take to get back to that? Is there a revenue level? Do you have to be above $17 billion, $18 billion? Are there offsets, any framework you can give to give investors confidence that we never thought we’d see a three-handle on your gross margin? And so we really want to know what it’s going to take to get back to a five-handle. And if that’s significantly changed from the last framework that you provided us?
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes, good question. So, obviously, revenue is the most significant impact to gross margins. We obviously did not expect to be down at these levels. That said, it’s a function of some significant inventory burn. So it’s not necessarily a reflection of the demand in the market. So, obviously, we would expect that to ever at some point, which will be a significant lift to the gross margins.
The other thing is, in the first quarter, we’re going to have about a 400 basis point impact on our gross margins just from under loading, because of the demand softness. And we would expect loadings to improve once we get past the inventory correction we’re currently experiencing. In addition to that, we have a number of initiatives underway to improve gross margins, and we’re well underway.
When you look at the $3 billion reduction that we talked about for 2023, $1 billion of that is in cost of sales, and we’re well underway on our way to getting that $1 billion. And then when you start click it further into the $8 billion to $10 billion that we want to hit by the end of 2025, about 66% of that, two-thirds of that is cost of sales improvement. And we’re getting a lot of that from our internal foundry model that Pat mentioned. We’re already seeing significant opportunities to be efficient — more efficient between our business units and our factories. And I think we’ll have a lot of things to say over the course of this year about areas that we see meaningful improvement.
Also, we have smart capital that was modest in 2022, it’s going to be more significant in 2023 and much of that smart capital does translate to a better cost structure for us that will help gross margin. So net of that, I feel very confident we will get back to 51% to 53% in the medium term. And in the long term, I feel very confident we will get back to 54% to 58%. And I think Pat said it in the past, we aim to beat that range.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, Ross. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please?
Operator
Certainly. And our next question comes from the line of Vivek Arya from Bank of America. Your question, please.
Vivek Arya — Bank of America — Analyst
Thanks for taking my question. I’m curious, how many weeks of PC microprocessor inventory is still in the channel? I’m trying to understand, whether the demand assumptions are not what they should be, right, or is it the supply assumptions? So when you say that, the consumption this year will be $270 million, right, which is the low end. How do we know that for sure?
What if the consumption rate is much lower than that? So just how many weeks of PC microprocessor inventory is there? And do you think Q1 is that clearing quarter, or you think even in Q2, you could be shipping below consumption levels?
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
So overall, as we said, we saw the range $270 million, $295 million. We believe the sell-through rate will be to the lower end of that. The consumption that we saw in Q4 was well below that, and the consumption rate or the sell-in rate in Q1 is more significantly almost 2x more significant below the consumption rate. Obviously, these are the macro effects that we can’t predict, and that’s what’s taken us a bit more to the low end of the range. But clearly, as we’ve been working with our customers and channel partners, we’ve been monitoring very carefully the sellout that they’ve seen. So we’re pretty comfortable with that range. Also, we would point to China and a very unique circumstance there as is well known. And we do expect that, there’ll be some level of economic recovery there, particularly we forecasted in the second half of the year. And this is a topic that we continue to work closely with our customers.
That said, overall, and as we updated on our PC webinar, we do expect that the long-term market is in the 300 million unit range. So as we overcome this inventory adjustment cycle, and some of this near-term economic. And I think as you heard from Microsoft, PC usage is up, the number of hours per PC continues to be up. The installed base has gone up. So all of those factors give us reasonable confidence that post this period of inventory correction that will have a very healthy $300 million unit plus or minus market that we’re selling into.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Vivek, do you have a follow-up question?
Vivek Arya — Bank of America — Analyst
Yes. Thank you, John. And thank you, Pat. Second question is on the data center. Historically, the semiconductor market likes incumbency, and there is only a share shift if and when the incumbent messes up. And right now, your competitor seems to be becoming a larger incumbent in a lot of cloud deployments, doesn’t seem to be messing up.
Doesn’t it make it harder to displace them? I’m just curious that what edge do you think Intel has to change the status quo of share shift in cloud server? Do you think your design will get noticeably better? Is it architecture? Is it manufacturing? What helps you specifically to change this current momentum of share shift in cloud servers, specifically? Thank you.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thank you. And I think the most important thing is what we just did with Sapphire Rapids, right? Our customers were anxious for a great product from Intel. Obviously, we would have liked it to be earlier, as we had initially estimated, but we are now shipping a very high-quality product with significant areas of leadership in areas like AI performance, power performance, security feature function, high-performance computing workflows that are five times the competition and features in areas like confidential computing and security that are quite differentiated from anything in the marketplace.
Obviously, share shift, right, particularly in the data center space, these designs were one a year ago, right, or two years ago. And so it takes some amount of time. And against that, we’re seeing a very strong outlook for Sapphire Rapids ramp through the year, as I said, 1 million units in the middle of the year, so very strong demand from our customers. And the other thing, as we’ve indicated, is have we rewon customer’s confidence that they could bet on our road map. And Emerald Rapids, looking very healthy for later this year. Granite Rapids and Sierra Forest looking very healthy for next year. And all of those, I believe, are rebuilding our customers’ confidence. And I believe with that, given the massive incumbency that Intel has, and I would just emphasize that even though we have seen the share shift in recent sell-in, the installed base is Intel, right? There’s an enormous on some — many of the cloud customers, 95-plus percent of their installed base is Intel that gives us a very strong incumbency that we get to renew as we rebuild our customers’ confidence.
So as you put all of those things together, yes, we realize that we stumble, right? We lost share. We lost momentum. We think that stabilizes this year, and we’re going to be building a road map that allows us to regain leadership for the long term in this critical market.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, Vivek. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please.
Operator
Certainly. Our next question comes from the line of Timothy Arcuri from UBS. Your question, please.
Timothy Arcuri — UBS — Analyst
Thanks a lot. Dave, I had a question on capex. I know you don’t want to guide for the full year, but you did say that 20% to 30% of the gross capex, whatever the number is this year, is going to off-sets. I know you don’t have a lot of visibility on the chips money you’re going to get. But it seems like, best case, revenue is going to be in the mid-50s roughly.
And if I take a little less than 35% of that, because you said that it’s still going to be 35% or less, that will be the net capex intensity. And I sort of divide the numbers, it implies a gross capex number, something in the range of $20 billion, give or take. Can you sort of help us just handicap that number?
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. So let me see if I can — obviously, we’re trying to avoid guiding beyond the first quarter given the murkiness. I would just say we are very focused on the appropriate level of investment necessary for the long-term strategy of IDM 2.0, while being very thoughtful around how much capex we spend to manage our free cash flow.
I think Smart Capital offsets will be pretty healthy this year, much better than last year. Partly, that’s because we’ll be fully along with SCIPs 1 with our partnership with Brookfield. We are expecting grant incentives to be a part of this year’s Smart Capital offsets. And then lastly, we do have already in place, the investment tax credit, which could have some benefit to us this year.
So certainly, Smart Capital will be healthy, but we are being very prudent around our gross capital spend through the year. And we’ll — as we kind of progress through the year, we’ll see how things develop, and we’ll — you can expect us to manage it accordingly. I think most importantly, we — we did not expect to be at this revenue level, obviously, for 2023 when we talked about this, net capex intensity of 35%. And yet we still maintain the discipline to stay at or below that 35% for the year. And I think that’s what investors should take away from that message.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Also, I’d just add, we do and Dave sort of implied it, but we do expect to do SCIP 2 this year as well, which is another source and also the credit center clearly there’s motivation on the part of commerce to get that underway and the rules making in place in the near future and start to dispense funds this year. Also, I’d point to Europe as well. So it’s EU chips as well as U.S. chip.
So all of those efforts are part of Smart Capital for us. We do believe that we’ll have the capital necessary to meet both our near-term, but more importantly, the strategic long-term investments. And that’s what we say we’re on track with IDM 2.0. We’re on track with the capital, the builds that allow us to restore leadership in our process technology as well as have the factory capacity to both deliver that for our products as well as for our foundry customers.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Tim, do you have follow-up?
Timothy Arcuri — UBS — Analyst
I do, John. Thanks. Yes. Dave, can you just sort of walk through maybe some of the gross margin puts and takes. I know that, again, you don’t want to guide for the full year. But can you just help us think about what some of the puts and takes might be? I mean, obviously, as volumes grow, that will help gross margin. But are there any other puts and takes that you would sort of call out for us? Thanks.
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. I think clearly, revenue is going to be the most significant driver of gross margins. We’re a high fixed-cost model. So we suffer the consequence of that, obviously, when revenue is declining, but we also get the benefit when revenue is expanding. And so what will — what is currently a headwind does turn to a tailwind as the business recovers.
The second most significant impact we have is the underload charges. So that’s 400 basis points or so this quarter. And we’ll make a determination as to what loading makes sense for the second quarter as we get closer to the second quarter. But we’re doing this to be appropriate in terms of our management of cash flow.
But again, as business conditions adjust, we will start loading the fab at a higher rate, and that will improve gross margins. I think beyond that, it really is around a lot of the cost initiatives we have underway. It’s the $3 billion for 2023, and it’s the $8 billion to $10 billion improvement over the course of the next few years that really will help drive the costs and drive the gross margins beyond just revenue and loadings.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, Tim. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please?
Operator
Certainly. And our next question comes from the line of C.J. Muse from Evercore ISI. Your question, please.
C.J. Muse — Evercore ISI — Analyst
Thank you for taking the question. Another question on capex. I guess bigger picture, can you speak to your capex philosophy in a slower demand environment? Is it finding the right number to fit a free cash flow model, or are you looking at your overall demand picture and saying, we need X minus Y wafer starts, and that’s why we can spend less? Would love to get a sense of how the slowdown here is potentially changing or potentially not your strategy of spending. And if it’s not, is it just simply delaying investments into 2024 and 2025? Thanks.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Thanks, C.J. I’ll start and ask Dave to jump in. We think about the capital budget with two lenses in mind, right? One is the strategic lens. Am I going to get back to leadership at 20A and 18A? Yes, am I going to make the capital investments required to do that? Absolutely. To some degree, do we scrub those? Could we look hard at those? Where can we save tens or hundreds of millions of dollars on those? Yes, we will. But we’re not going to diminish from the capital required for strategic leadership for the long-term. So strategic capital, largely unchanged.
The second bucket, of course, I’ll just call it, capacity capital, right, and adjusting to the near-term ebb and flows of the business requirement. And, obviously, in this macro environment, that’s been adjusted meaningfully downward and we’re finding everywhere we can to squeeze our existing capacity more effectively to be more aggressive in terms of how we work with our equipment suppliers in those areas and doing everything we can to minimize the capital that’s required for capacity-driven requirements as well. And that’s where the larger trade-offs have been.
And, of course, in a business as large as ours, we have labs and buildings and everything else. We are scrubbing those like crazy as you would want us to. Dave, what else would you add?
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
You took one of mine. Obviously, the opex area, yes, is an area that we’ve really focused on and Pat mentioned the lab piece, which is an area — one of the areas that we have found efficiency. And I guess the last thing is that we have seen our capital offsets be higher than our original expectation. We were planning for probably one-third of what we think we’ll get in 2023 when we announced our smart capital initiative in — at the Analyst Day. So that’s obviously coming in stronger. Of course, Pat already alluded to the fact that a lot of that is — SCIP has turned out to be a pretty powerful tool, and this will enable us to do a SCIP 2 this year as well, which obviously helps.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
C.J., do you have a follow-up?
C.J. Muse — Evercore ISI — Analyst
I do a quick one. And again, I know you don’t want to guide the full year, but as you look at different scenario analysis for 2023, how do you see return to positive free cash flow playing out? Is that something that could come in the second half, or that’s really a 2024 event?
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, 2023, we were thinking was a breakeven free cash flow year for us back at the Analyst Day last February. Obviously, in the first half of this year, we’re going to be below that model. But as we look into the back half of the year, we would expect to approach the model in ’23. And of course, ’24 is a bit away from where we are right now, but this is the thing that we spend a lot of time on. I would tell you one thing, if you look at our free cash flow for ’22, we came in roughly around minus $4 billion.
If you remember in the quarter before, we forecasted that we would be somewhere between minus $2 billion and minus $4 billion. We were actually assuming a higher level of capital offsets, which is still coming but pushed into 2023. And yet we still hit the high end of that range. And the way we did it was through working capital initiatives. So, this is a big part of our strategy around managing free cash flow, is more attention to working capital. It’s something that I think in the past may not have been a big focus here, but is a very big focus here. It’s how we — how our shipments are managed in terms of linearity, how we manage payments, how we manage our inventory.
The fact that we’re taking underload does affect the gross margins, but it also improves our cash flow, because we’re spending less on variable costs. So, these are areas that we think can be pretty beneficial to us and be a tailwind for us in terms of free cash flow as we progress through the year.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, C.J. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please.
Operator
Certainly. And our next question comes from the line of Matt Ramsay from Cowen. Your question, please.
Matthew Ramsay — Cowen — Analyst
Good afternoon, guys. Thank you. Dave, the first question, I get it a lot is, just with the challenges that you just mentioned at C.J.’s question on free cash flow. And I guess, well done to you and your team of extracting as much cash as you did out of working capital in the quarter. But I get questions about the security of the dividend all the time. And maybe that’s a Board-level decision, but maybe you and Pat could address it a bit. Is that the current levels of dividend? Is that sort of a sacrosanct thing at Intel in your current operating plan? Are there discussions around it either way? Don’t shoot the messenger, it’s a question I get a ton. Thanks.
David Zinsner — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Well, obviously, we announced a $0.365 dividend for the first quarter. That was consistent with the last quarter’s dividend. I’d just say the Board, management, we take a very disciplined approach to the capital allocation strategy, and we’re going to remain committed to being very prudent around how we allocate capital for the owners. And we are committed to maintaining a competitive dividend.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Matt, do you have a follow-up question?
Matthew Ramsay — Cowen — Analyst
Yes. Thanks, guys. Thanks, John. I guess, as my follow-up question, guys, I wanted to dig into the DCAI business a little bit. And that you guys talked about, I think, the PSG or Altera being up, I don’t know, 40-odd percent year-over-year, which, if you just kind of rough math, it means that the core cloud plus enterprise server business is down 40%, something like that.
And so, maybe, Pat, could you walk us through what — is that roughly right in terms of math and just where your — how you see share loss versus ASP versus weakness in the markets in China and enterprise? Just how do you break that down for us, what operationally is happening in the server share space? Thank you.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. So PSG did have a very good quarter, has a very strong backlog, and continues to grow. But I’d say the math that you suggest is quite incorrect, given the relative size of those businesses. So, we’ll happily offline talk a little bit more through that. That said, we did — we grew less than the market last year and saw some share loss. We see that stabilizing this year. The key factor is better products, right? And we’ve just released that with Sapphire Rapids and getting great responses and our announcement event on January 10 was a customer-centric ramp this baby product line. We had strong participation from all the CSPs, all of the OEMs, all of the ISVs, and end users.
So, it was seen as a very strong event. This year, we’ll be very much about ramping that and we’ll see the improvements in both market share position as well as ASPs as we ramp that product through the year, and the confidence in the road map. And that will be the determinant, okay, you have a better product now, great. Customers are building it on an installed base. But do we have confidence in your long-term?
So I’d say we’ve reestablished a very credible road map. You’ll see lots of news coming from us this year as we start delivering on samples, et cetera, of the next-generation products as well as the continued ramp of Sapphire Rapids with highly differentiated features and capabilities. So, we feel like we’ve put the worst behind us, right? And we’re now coming back to the front foot in this business area. And I’ll say in a very customer-centric, ISV-centric way that delivers our customers the use cases that they need in their business.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, Matt. Jonathan, can we have the next question, please.
Operator
Certainly. One moment for our next question. And our next question comes from the line of Toshiya Hari from Goldman Sachs. Your question, please.
Toshiya Hari — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Hi, good afternoon. Thanks so much for taking the question. Pat, I was hoping you could talk a little bit about the demand environment in DCI across cloud, enterprise and perhaps your comms customers. I think in your prepared remarks, you talked about the inventory correction in enterprise being ahead of cloud. So do those comments kind of imply that going forward, cloud could — the demand there could moderate or decline as we progress through the year, or if you can expand on that, that would be helpful? Thank you.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Great. Thank you, Toshi. The — what we said, clearly that we did see demand softening through the year in data center overall. That’s a market statement. Obviously, we have more exposure to enterprise in China, which we believe weakened our position a little bit more in the year, but we’re seeing those same characteristics now with the cloud providers as well. So, we see all of them weaker in the first half of the year. We are, I’ll say, a touch optimistic that China will come back and enterprise will come back more rapidly than the cloud. And with our stronger exposure in those segments, we believe that is potentially good news for us as we go through the year relative to the competition.
The networking space is one where we have very sustained leadership and strength in areas like vRAN and O-RAN are ones that our platform is dramatically better than competitors. And with that strong market share through the year, we also expect some level of softening there in those in the networking area, but not as much as some of the other segments that we would have. The first half of the year, we expect to be down year-on-year in the second half of the year to return to growth.
So inventory adjustments, a weaker market in first half, and recovery in the second half of the year is what we expect. Overall, and obviously, the relative position, we believe that we have is stabilizing and the markets that we’re stronger in, we’re optimistic that they’ll come back a little bit stronger as we go through the year.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Toshiya, do you have a follow-up?
Toshiya Hari — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
I do. Thanks, John. Pat, you also talked about your focus and commitment toward value creation, you mentioned how you guys are pulling future investments from the switching business. As you look across your portfolio as of today. I think to your point, you’ve done quite a lot since coming back. Like where is the incremental opportunity as you think about improving the portfolio going forward and creating value? Thank you.
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. And I’ll just say here without being too specific and some of these things are under evaluation, discussion with customers and the best way to handle it. We’re doing a thorough analysis across the portfolio. And I would say we are looking at every aspect of the portfolio, where we’re getting good returns, where we’re not. And we’re making decision after decision to optimize the portfolio. And as you say, we haven’t been hesitant to make those decisions inside the back. And we have a few more that we’re looking carefully at. But we’re also looking at every area of the business.
Dave suggested in his comments, hey, can we do a better job with our line? Could we do a better job with our building assets? We’ve also discussed as part of the internal foundry model that we’re making major steps to improve our automation and ERP efficiency to run the company more. Some of our people actions. We’ve been very scrutinizing and benchmarking ourselves against best-in-class in every aspect of how we run the business.
So one-by-one, we’re saying we’re going to be world-class as measured by benchmarks in these areas and all the business areas that we’re in, we believe they’re strategically important and yielding good results with our shareholders’ investments.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks, Toshiya. Jonathan, we have time for one last question, please.
Operator
Certainly. Then our final question for today comes from the line of Joseph Moore from Morgan Stanley.
Joseph Moore — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Great. Thank you. We’re going to talk about the reception you’re seeing with Sapphire Rapids. And in particular, it seems like it’s a really good chip. But I think the price at the platform level is getting more expensive, DDR5 is more expensive. What’s it like right now migrating to a more expensive platform and environment or budgets are under pressure, does that change the ramp relative to other CPUs that you have?
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thanks, Joe. And you are touching on a very important issue, the memory. And obviously, the memory pricing for DDR4 has collapsed, right, and making that pricing gap versus DDR5 very visible currently. That said, customers don’t buy these platforms on memory prices. They buy them on TCO, right? The total cost of the operations that they get the performance as they put them into operations. So, the memory price is one piece of that. But I’d also say DDR prices are expected to decline as we go through DDR5 price and the gap to DDR4 is widely forecast to decline, and that gap will diminish as we go through the year. However, right, you contrast that to the significant performance capability. And in some areas like AI, we’re seeing 5 times to 6 times performance benefits. And when you put that into a TCO calculation, it’s overwhelmingly positive. Security is not measured on TCO. It’s measured on absolute statements of security and confidential computing.
So overall, we are driving this ramp very aggressively through the year. We have strong demand of customers. We’re ramping our factories quickly. And we do believe that we’ll have a strong ramp of the Sapphire Rapids platform as we go through the year.
John Pitzer — Corporate Vice President of Investor Relations
Joe, do you have a quick follow-up?
Joseph Moore — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Yes. I also just wanted to touch on, I mean — you mentioned the migration of the ASG business into DCI and CCG. Is that — is there a change there in any of the priorities, or is it just a restructuring of where those businesses reside?
Pat Gelsinger — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. It’s a restructuring of where the businesses reside. And as we move past this, I’ll say, launch phase of those products. And we’re now into the scale phase of those product lines. And for instance, discrete graphics, driving the attach rate and channel motions with our enormous client business. In the data center, bringing a broader portfolio across HPC, our Flex product line, the AI capabilities that we have that we’re uniquely delivering through data center. So all of this is about is the efficiency and scale of those business areas. And we’ve been having numerous discussions with our customers about these changes, and they have been very well received.
And I’d say all the products that we launched out of AXG, the Flex product line, the discrete graphics product line, the MAX product lines. All of those products are continuing forward, and we believe all of those will have strong ramps in their volumes, revenues and market impact as we go through the year.
So with that, let me just wrap up our time together. First, thank you. We’re grateful for you joining us today, the opportunity that you’ve given us to update you on our business. And clearly, the financials aren’t what we would hope for. But we’re also pleased with the execution progress we made. And as a result, we’re confident in the strategic outlook that we have for our business. Though the macro is difficult. It was difficult in Q4. We expect it to remain difficult as we go through the first half of the year, but we’re laser-focused on controlling the things that we can and every aspect of our execution, cost management and transformation is in our hands and we are well underway in executing against those paths.
So with that, we look forward to seeing many of you throughout the quarter, updating you on our progress next quarter. Thank you very much.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]