— Net revenues soared by 227% to $14.6 million versus $15.08 million expected.
— Afrezza net revenue jumped by 46% primarily driven by higher product demand, including the first shipment to Brazil, a more favorable mix of Afrezza cartridges and price.
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— Collaborations and services revenue surged to $8.19 million from $82,000 last year, primarily driven by the license agreement with United Therapeutics, which began in the fourth quarter of 2018.
— Research and development (R&D) expense decreased by 23% year-over-year, primarily attributable to a decline in clinical trial spending.