Pinduoduo Inc (NASDAQ: PDD) Q4 2022 earnings call dated Mar. 20, 2023
Corporate Participants:
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Lei Chen — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jun Liu — Vice President of Finance
Analysts:
Joyce Ju — BofA Securities — Analyst
Kenneth Fong — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Ellie Jiang — Macquarie — Analyst
Yang Bai — China International Capital Corporation — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to PDD’s Holdings Inc. Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2022 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to hand the conference over to your host today, Mr. Cheng Peng [Phonetic]. Sir, please go ahead.
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. My name is Cheng, and I will help host the earnings call. PDD Holdings earnings release was distributed earlier and is available on our website at investor.pddholdings.com, as well as through GlobeNewswire services.
Before we begin, I would like to refer you to our Safe Harbor statements in earnings press release, which applies to this call as we will make certain forward-looking statements. Also this call includes discussions of certain non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to our earnings release, which contains a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures.
Joining us today on the call are Chen Lei, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Lui Jun, our VP of Finance. Lei, will make some general remarks on our performance for the past quarter and our strategic focus; Jun, will then take us through our financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. During the Q&A session, Lei will answer questions in Chinese, and I will help translate. Please kindly note that all translations provided are for reference purposes only. In case of any discrepancy between the original remarks and the translated version, statements in the original language should prevail.
Now it is my pleasure to introduce our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Chen Lei. Lei, please go ahead.
Lei Chen — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Hello, everyone. Thank you all for joining us on our earnings call for the fourth quarter and the fiscal year of 2022. Let me begin by summarizing our results for Q4 and full year of 2022. Our total revenue for this quarter was RMB39.8 billion, which is a 46% increase compared to the previous year. Our total revenue for the past year was RMB130.6 billion, which represents a growth of 39% year-over-year.
In 2022, we focused our strengths in our core capabilities. We invested over RMB10 billion in research and development last year, which is the highest amount since our establishment. Although, this will further improve our technological know-how and bring the benefit of digitization to our users and ecosystem partners. We will continue to invest in R&D as a long-term commitment to better serve our users and society as a whole.
During the half year, we are encouraged to see many of our young colleagues take on more responsibilities and step into bigger roles. With young talent who have passion and creativity have demonstrated their ability to take on new challenges, explore different possibilities, and execute our vision with patience and determination. We will continue to provide more personal development opportunities for them to grow as future leaders.
As a young company still in the investment stage, we will remain agile and aggressive as we move forward, and we are committed to adapting to trends in consumer preferences. My team and I are eager to keep exploring and identifying the right opportunities, identify the right opportunities to invest and execute relentlessly to create value for consumers and the society.
In Q4, we observed rising sentiment among our users. To support the consumption recovery, we actively leveraged resources in a pivotal platform. During the promotion period, we stepup our investment to further improve consumer engagement and build their trust. For example, during the Double 11 period last quarter, we provided robust coupons and discounts in a simple and straightforward way, making shopping easier and more enjoyable for our consumers.
We are also working hard in large the diversity of products on our platform to address our consumers’ diverse needs. With efforts of our platform as well as merchants, we saw decent performance across various categories during the promotion season. For example, categories such as mobile phones and cosmetics saw encouraging growth among users with different demographics. The order volume of many seasonal agricultural products more than doubled with how to boost consumer awareness of various local agricultural production leaders.
As the Chinese New Year happened earlier this year, we launched the Chinese New Year promotion in late December to meet consumer needs. We worked closely with merchants all over the world who curate more products lectures for consumers. And we are happy to see that our efforts have paid off. With many imported produce, such as cherries or chili had the sale month for Norway receiving very positive feedbacks. We are glad to contribute to in supporting consumer confidence.
As the consumption continue to recover and consumer sentiment continues to improve, everyone can see the potential to opportunities in this market. As the industry evolves, we noticed a number of recent moves at our peers. I believe a healthy competition is beneficial in this industry. But sometimes, when competition intensifies, some companies may take different actions. For us, we will always adhere to our [Indecipherable] beauty as a company, focus on our own sustainable development, embrace competition even when sometimes it involved unsustainable practices from peers.
We always think about how to better serve our consumers. We are also fully aware that we still have a long way to go before we can fully meet consumers’ evolving needs. We are committed to deepening our value proposition of More savings, More fun. In addition, we will continue to invest in supply chain, to improve supply chain efficiency and satisfy consumers increasing need for quality product.
In the manufacturing sector, for example, Pinduoduo can quickly gather consumer insights to help manufacturers make more inform decisions on project design and production. This enables the creation of products that doesn’t match consumer needs and passes on the savings to consumers. In the past year, we rolled out multiple initiatives to help manufacturers directly engaged with end consumers.
Take a manufacturer in the personal care sector as an example. We use our insights to identify opportunities for personalized quality products among the younger generation. As a result, the manufacturer developed personal care products with impressive features and designs, which received excellent market feedbacks. This also helped the manufacturers to gradually establish its own brand.
Over the past several years, we have helped incubate thousands of manufacturers’ brands in this way. Our supply chain insights and technology has helped manufacturers better position themselves, develop popular products in the rapid changing markets and reduce uncertainty in production. We are dedicated to build a platform that is accessible to all merchants and brands, regardless of size.
In the agricultural sector, we continue to utilize our resources and technology to promote digital inclusion and generate a positive impact. We devote ourselves to facilitating the ad hoc options of agritech solutions. Since 2020, Pinduoduo has hosted a flagship Smart Agriculture Competition for three consecutive years, offering a stage for young agricultural researchers and growers to explore practical technology solutions that improve yield, shorten production cycle and promote sustainability.
We also have teams from previous competitions to commercialize their technical solutions on a large scale. By promoting agritech adoption, we hope to push forward agricultural modernization. Another key driving force is the training of new farmers. These young new farmers have returned to their hometown after years of experience in large studies. They are tech-savvy about our latest tools such as live streaming and they are full of energy and drive.
With the help of insights from our platform, they can develop good understanding of consumer needs and play an important role in their local communities. On average, one such new farmers can bring five to 10 other young people into e-commerce, creating around 50 local job opportunities, directly or indirectly. In addition, our efforts in supply chain have generated a meaningful positive impact for the society.
For example, last quarter, bad weather in winter caused a supply chain disruption, which prompt us to quickly assemble a dedicated team and launch a nationwide campaign with People’s Daily. Through our Help the Farmers channel on Pinduoduo platform, we provided dedicated traffic support to help effective farmers to sell the unsold seasonal produce by reaching more end consumers in a short period of time.
Our total grocery teams all across the country also have played an important role as each team visited various agricultural production regions in their province, sourced unsold produce directly from farmers and quickly matched it with local consumer demands to sell it. With our teams’ strong efforts, we were able to sell nearly 15,000 tons of agricultural produce nationwide during this campaign. And we are encouraged to see that our supply chain capabilities and create tangible value for the sector and the society.
We are proud to receive FAO 2022 Innovation Award from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, which recognize innovation that creates an impact in agricultural supply chain. This award is a vote of confidence in our holistic and proactive approach to agriculture. And it motivates us to keep forging ahead, so that more and more people can enjoy the benefits of digital inclusion and technology adoption in agriculture.
Here, I will also like to provide an update on Temu. The new global online marketplace that we launched in September 2022. Temu and Pinduoduo are sister companies under a parent company, PDD Holdings, which has built the sourcing, logistics and fulfillment capabilities developed to support its various businesses. We try to create our own unique value with Temu. So we always start from the fundamental consumer needs, and explore how we can serve them well.
People will stick to the values of empowerment, diversity and inclusion, integrity, as well as social responsibility. As we enter new year, we remain committed to creating value for all stakeholders. And therefore, we will remain patient and invest for the long-term. Our goal is to further improve the services we provide to consumers and to bring more businesses into a digital economy to increase opportunities for local communities and small businesses.
Thank you for your continuous support. And now let me turn you over to Jun to update you on our financial performance.
Jun Liu — Vice President of Finance
Thank you, Lei. Hello, everyone. Now let me walk you through our financial performance and the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. In terms of income statement, our total revenues increased 46% year-over-year to RMB39.8 billion in the fourth quarter and 39% year-over-year to RMB134.6 billion for the full year of 2022. This was mainly driven by an increase in revenues from online marketing services and transaction services.
Revenues from online marketing services and others were RMB31 billion this quarter, up 38% compared to the same period of 2021. This was primarily due to an increase in merchant activities as a result of improvements in consumer sentiment. Our transaction services revenue this quarter were RMB8.8 billion, up 86% versus the same period of 2021.
Moving on to cost and expenses. Our total cost of revenues increased 37% from RMB6.5 billion in Q4, 2021 to RMB8.9 billion this quarter. For the full year, our total cost of revenues decreased 1% to RMB31.5 billion. Total operating expenses this quarter were RMB21.8 billion on a GAAP basis versus RMB13.8 billion in the same quarter of 2021. On a non-GAAP basis, our total operating expenses increased to RMB19.3 billion this quarter from RMB12.3 billion in Q4 2021.
During the fourth quarter, we devoted more resources to better address recent needs, encourage their consumption confidence, as well as step-up investments in our long-term focus areas such as R&D and agriculture. As such, our total non-GAAP operating expenses as a percentage of total revenues have increased from 45% in Q4 2021 to 48% in this quarter. For the full year of 2022, total GAAP operating expenses were RMB68.7 billion, up from RMB55.3 billion last year.
Looking into specific expense items, our non-GAAP sales and marketing expenses this quarter were RMB17.3 billion, up 59% [Phonetic] versus the same quarter of 2021. We offered various forms of promotion and subsidies and increased advertising spending in Q4 to support consumption recovery. On a non-GAAP basis, our sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of our revenues this quarter was 43% compared with 40% for the same quarter in 2021.
For full year non-GAAP sales and marketing expenses increased from RMB43.2 billion in 2021 to RMB52.2 billion in 2022. Our non-GAAP general and administrative expenses were RMB360.8 million in Q4 versus RMB195.8 million in same quarter of 2021. Our annual non-GAAP general and administrative expenses were RMB1 billion in 2022 versus RMB748.4 million last year. Our non-GAAP research and development expenses were RMB1.7 billion in the fourth quarter, an increase of 34% from RMB1.3 billion in the same quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in headcount and the recruitment of more experienced R&D personnel and server cost.
As a technology-driven company, the value we create cannot be achieved without our R&D efforts. We need to further grow our R&D capabilities to understand the constantly evolving consumer demand and drive innovation to satisfy their needs more effectively. In addition, we continue to leverage our technology background to improve digital technology adoption factors such as agriculture and manufacturing. Also it is worth noting that for full year, our annual gap R&D expenses to cost RMB10 billion for the first time. We aim to continue to step-up investment in this area to form a solid foundation for the long-term development.
Operating profit for the quarter was RMB9.1 billion on a GAAP basis and RMB11.6 billion on a non-GAAP basis. Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders was RMB9.5 billion for the quarter and RMB31.5 billion for the full year. In the fourth quarter, basic earnings per ADS was RMB7.42 and the diluted earnings per ADS was RMB6.52 versus basic earnings per ADS of RMB5.26 and diluted earnings per ADS of RMB4.66 in the same quarter of 2021. Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders was RMB12.1 billion for the quarter. In the fourth quarter, non-GAAP diluted earnings per ADS was RMB8.34 versus RMB5.88 in the same quarter of 2021. That concludes the income statement.
Now let me move on to cash flow. Our net cash flow generated from operating activities was RMB26.6 billion for Q4 and RMB48.5 billion for full year of 2022, compared with RMB16.4 billion in the same quarter of 2021 and RMB28.8 billion in 2021, primarily due to the increase in net income and the changes in working capital. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had RMB149.4 billion in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Thank you. This concludes my prepared remarks.
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Thank you, Jun. Next we will move on to the Q&A session. For today’s Q&A session, Lei and Jun will take questions from analysts on the line. And we could take a maximum of two questions per analyst, and Lei will answer questions in Chinese and I will help translate his remarks for easier reference.
Operator, we may now take questions on the line.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from Joyce Ju with Bank of America. Please ask your question.
Joyce Ju — BofA Securities — Analyst
Thanks management for taking my questions. I have two questions. The first one is, as now Pinduoduo developed into an e-commerce conglomerate with multiple business initiatives globally, how could management actually prioritize different business lines? And can management share more about your latest strategies going forward? Have you shifted your strategy after you have expanded your business lines globally? And how do you position yourself in the global markets?
And my second question is actually related to the revenue. Your online marketing service revenue grew 38% year-over-year last quarter ahead of industry growth and peers. But at the same time, we have seen this withstand a deceleration from the third quarter. How should we understand the growth and how should we actually expand the momentum going forward?
[Foreign Speech]
Lei Chen — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
[Foreign Speech]
Hello, Joyce, and thank you for your questions. And I can take your question on strategy first.
[Foreign Speech]
First of all, we are still in our development stage instead of a stabilized stage. And we still have a long way to go in terms of serving consumer as well. And to better serve consumers, we will firmly stick to our strategy, which is to create long-term value through our R&D and technology.
[Foreign Speech]
We are a technology-driven company and more than half of our employees are engineers. Also many of our core management team members are also from a technical background. So from the perspective of creating more value for users, many areas such as understanding the rapidly changing user preferences and continuously iterating our services, all of these areas are inseparably linked to our R&D capabilities, and we firmly believe that the key to serving our users well in the future as to further strengthen our R&D capabilities.
[Foreign Speech]
At the same time, we will continue to focus on supporting the agriculture and the manufacturing industries through technology. For agriculture, we will continue to invest in the various mix along the agriculture value chain with our technical expertise. So that we can facilitate the efficient distribution of agricultural produce, and we will also leverage our resources on the Pinduoduo platform to bring more agritech solution to the market faster. As for the manufacturing sector, we will devote more resources and help many more manufacturers as well as factories to go through digital transformation and improve their efficiency.
[Foreign Speech]
And we have very clear a long-term strategy to strengthen our R&D capabilities and to improve the efficiency of the agricultural and manufacturing supply chain. Our strategic direction as well as at the investment level, we’ll not be affected by short-term external trends or fluctuations, and we will continue to make long-term and patient investments.
[Foreign Speech]
And as for your second question regarding our revenue growth, well, throughout the past quarter, we saw a strong resilience and also bigger in the consumption markets and we are confident toward the prospects of this market. During events such as the Double 11 and the Chinese New Year promotions, we collaborated with more merchants and also brands and provided consumers with a broader selection of high-quality products and many consumers showed a good shopping demand at the same time.
[Foreign Speech]
And under the backdrop of consumption recovery, we have also devoted more resources to better for few consumer demand. In the fourth quarter, the Pinduoduo platform leveraged its focus on serving the fundamental needs of users and sales volume of daily essential products on their platform showed steady growth. Furthermore, as consumer demand toward high-quality merchandise is growing, categories including mobile phones, beauty, cosmetics, and maternal and baby care products, all had decent growth.
[Foreign Speech]
At the same time, we are fully aware that the competition in the market is intense and consumers have many different e-commerce platforms and shopping formats to choose from. We still have a lot to further improve. So as a result, our team must continue to work hard and we plan to step-up investment, strengthen our core competencies and continue to provide consumers with more savings — more fun shopping experience. Thank you.
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Hi, operator. We can take next question on the line.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Kenneth Fong with Credit Suisse. Please ask your question.
Kenneth Fong — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Hi, thank you management for taking my question. I have two questions. First is, could management comment on the latest competitive landscape? Specifically, we saw a number of your peers rest importing of low-price. Do you have any plan or program in response? How do you position yourself to achieve quality growth in such an environment?
And my second question is about sales and marketing, which I — we saw an acceleration in sales and marketing expenses of 56% year-over-year to around RMB18 billion in the fourth quarter. So what investment opportunities that you see as consumer sentiment improve? Are you becoming more aggressive in term of investment? Or does this just reflect a temporary seasonal hike?
[Foreign Speech]
Lei Chen — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
[Foreign Speech]
Hi, Kenneth. So I will first share my views on your question on competition. The e-commerce market in China is huge and it is full of energy. Also with the optimization in pandemic control measures, it continues to show strong resilience. And I believe it is easy for everybody to see the opportunities in this market. Therefore, I think it is natural and also logical for e-commerce peers to choose to raise branding, which makes our competition more intense as a result.
[Foreign Speech]
Also, we have noticed the recent moves in the industry and we saw that different companies may form different strategies in face of competition. And as I have mentioned in my remarks, we believe that healthy competition is a beneficial to our consumers and the entire industry. But when competition intensifies, sometimes a peer’s reaction could go in a different direction. And we will always keep our duty in mind, focus on our own healthy development, and embrace industry competition even when sometimes it’s in loss on sustainable practices from peers.
[Foreign Speech]
For us, we believe that serving our consumers better is the key to creating long-term value and we will continue to provide consumers with more savings, more fun shopping experience. Therefore, we start from our own unique value propositions and our team and I are exploring how to provide more value through consumers. And towards this end, we will continue to focus on R&D, so that we can better understand the new needs and preferences of consumers, improve their shopping experience. And in this way, we can increase consumer satisfaction.
[Foreign Speech]
At the same time, we are fully aware that we still have a lot to improve. So as a result, we will further step up investments, especially in the areas of agriculture and manufacturing sectors, as well as improve supply chain efficiency so that we can create more values for consumers and deepen our More savings, More fun proposition. So this is my view, industry competition. As for your question on sales and marketing expenses, I will leave it to Jun to answer your question. Thank you.
Jun Liu — Vice President of Finance
Hi, Kenneth. This is Jun. Let me take the question on sales and marketing expenses. Well, during the fourth quarter, we saw consumption recovery trends continue. And given this background, we offered various types of promotions and subsidies to support consumption as I just mentioned in the remarks. And these offers are reflected in the financial number and you can see that our sales and marketing expenses in Q4 increased. And actually we’re always carefully evaluating ROI for every investment for all of our projects. We hope to allocate resources to places that can generate long-term high-quality development. When we see good opportunities that can create value, we invest certainly. Thank you.
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Hi, operator, we can go to the next analyst on the line.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Ellie Jiang with Macquarie. Please ask your question.
Ellie Jiang — Macquarie — Analyst
Thank you management for taking my questions. I have two regarding our overseas product, Temu. We saw that you’re now introducing Temu to Canada and Australia, although we saw exciting commercials being put out on Super Bowl. Can management share with us some latest developments and operational updates? How would Temu differentiate from the more well-established players in the current market?
The second question is on the relative impact on the fourth quarter financials. How did Temu’s revenue being booked? Any operating metrics that management could share regarding the estimated loss levels, order size for unit economics? Do we have any GMV or growth target for Temu going forward? Thank you.
Lei Chen — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
[Foreign Speech]
Hi, Ellie. So let me take your question on global business. So for this initiative, we aspire to create our own unique value. For example, using our supply chain know-how that we have accumulated over the years, we can offer our consumers curated selection of quality goods at attractive prices. And also through evolving our product features, we hope to improve consumers’ shopping experience.
[Foreign Speech]
And since we launched this platform in September of last year, it has only been about half a year and instead of focusing too much on competitors right now, we actually paid more attention through our own development and product iteration. We see that different markets in different regions, they have different — many differences and we still have a lot to learn and a lot to improve. So we will remain patient, iterate constantly and create — strive to create long-term value.
[Foreign Speech]
And in addition, we also appreciate that the support coming from consumers and merchants who have chosen our platform at this early stage of development. Their support motivates us to do this business well, and they have also given us many valuable advices to improve our services. As for the second part of the question, the financial booking — revenue booking and financial impact of our Temu business, I will hand it over to Jun to further discuss.
Jun Liu — Vice President of Finance
Okay. Allow me just the questions on revenue booking and financial impact of our global business. Well, on Temu, it’s just started out roughly half a year ago. And given its early stage nature and the financial impact from this business in Q4, it’s relatively small. And in terms of revenue booking, this business record as a 3D model. And we are entering new markets. So we need to understand consumer demand better and experiment how to meet their demand effectively.
And we are not driven by financial metrics, instead, the most essential thing for us right now is to build our own unique value of the lockdown. Over time, financial metrics are just a reflection of the value we can generate. And in terms of future investments and the financial impact, as always will we continue to carefully evaluate different opportunities with respect to our investment discipline and key pathways to our high ROI standard. Thank you.
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Okay. Hi, operator. I think we still have time to take two questions from one more analyst.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from Yang Bai with CICC. Please ask your question.
Yang Bai — China International Capital Corporation — Analyst
Hi, thank you for taking my question. My first question, can management share with us some update on your total grocery business? We understand that online grocery business is slowing down. And are you still expanding that business? Or do you focus more on efficiency and cost control right now?
And my second question is about the profitability. We noticed that your profitability margin decreased from the last two quarters, given Q4 is usually a strong quarter in term of the profit. Does that mean that you have shifted focus on margin growth and what opportunity are you spending extra up for that?
[Foreign Speech]
Lei Chen — Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
[Foreign Speech]
Hi, Bai Yang. So let me take your question on our Duo Duo Grocery business. Pinduoduo started by selling agricultural produce and agriculture is one of our key long-term strategies. Through our Duo Duo Grocery business, we leveraged a technology to improve agricultural distribution efficiency and matched local supply and demand effectively. This business plays a very critical role for leveraging our unique positioning in agriculture and creating our own unique value.
[Foreign Speech]
And in our Duo Duo Grocery business, we have seen the value that we can generate by improving supply chain efficiency in areas such as offering more choices of local produce, increasing fulfillment efficiency, and improving user experience. At the same time, the Duo Duo Grocery business also creates positive social values.
[Foreign Speech]
Let me give you a recent example here, that in the fourth quarter, we launched a dedicated campaign to help sales through seasonal unsold agricultural products to consumers directly. And the local teams of Duo Duo Grocery went upstream into the agricultural production regions to source agricultural produce directly and match these products efficiently with local demand.
[Foreign Speech]
We are still in the early stage in our agricultural investments. And we see a lot of areas that can be further improved with technology. So for Duo Duo Grocery, we are still a far away from the best level of services and there is still a lot to improve. As a result, we will remain down to earth and continue to make long-term investments in order to further create values for our consumers. Thank you.
Jun Liu — Vice President of Finance
This is Jun. Let me take your question on the profitability. And — well, we are in our development stage. We still see many areas to improve and create more value for users. We will continue to step-up investment in key areas to strengthen our R&D capabilities, the poor agriculture and manufacturing through technology and improve our service offerings to users. And profitability is not our current priority. With that said, we always practice financial prudence. For every investment, we carefully evaluate the ROI and asked ourselves, if it can create long-term high-quality developments for us. When we see good opportunities we’ve invested firmly. Thank you.
Cheng Peng — Investor Relations
Okay. Thank you everybody for joining us on the conference call today. That concludes the call and have a great day.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]