Rambus Inc. (NASDAQ: RMBS) Q2 2022 earnings call dated Aug. 01, 2022
Corporate Participants:
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
McClain Culver — Rosenblatt Securities — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Good afternoon. Thank you for attending the Rambus Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Call. My name is Matt, and I will be your moderator for today’s call. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call and an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to pass the conference over to our host Desmond Lynch, Chief Financial Officer of Rambus. Desmond, please go ahead.
Thank you, operator, and welcome to the Rambus Second Quarter 2022 Results Conference Call. I am Desmond Lynch, Chief Financial Officer at Rambus and on the call with me today is Luc Seraphin of CEO. The press release for the results that we will be discussing today has been filed with the SEC on Form 8-K. A replay of this call will be available for the next week at 866-813-9403. You can hear the replay by dialing the toll-free number and then entering ID number 092-440 when you hear the prompt. In addition, we are simultaneously webcasting this call, and along with the audio, we are webcasting slides that we will reference during portions of today’s call. So even if you’re joining us via conference call, you may want to access the webcast with the slide presentation. A replay of this call can be accessed on our website beginning today at 5:00 PM Pacific Time. Our discussions today will contain forward-looking statements, including our expectations regarding business opportunities, industry growth rates, product and investment strategies, timing of expected product launches, demand for existing, and newly acquired technologies, the growth opportunities of the various markets we serve, the expected benefits of our merger, acquisition and divestiture activity, including the success of our integration efforts, the company’s ability to deliver long-term profitable growth, the long-term sustainability of the company’s increased product revenue and cash generated from operating activities, the company’s outlook and financial guidance for the third quarter of 2022 and related drivers, the company’s ability to effectively manage supply chain shortages, risks and the potential adverse impacts related to or arising from COVID-19 and its variants and the effects of ASC 606 and reported revenue amongst other things. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are discussed during this call maybe more fully described in the documents we file with the SEC, including our 8-Ks, 10-Qs and 10-Ks. These forward-looking statements may differ materially from our actual results and we are under no obligation to update these statements. In an effort to provide greater clarity in the financials, we are using both GAAP and non-GAAP financial presentations in both our press release and on this call. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financials to the most directly compatible GAAP measures has been included in our press release, in our slide presentation, and on our website at rambus.com on the Investor Relations page under Financial Releases. We adopted ASC 606 in 2018, using the modified retrospective method, which did not restate prior periods, but rather ran the cumulative effect of the adoption through retained earnings as a beginning balance sheet adjustment. Any comparison between our actual results under ASC 606 and prior results under ASC 605 is not an accurate way to track the company’s progress. We will continue to provide operational metrics such as licensing billings to give our investors better insights into our operational performance. The order of our call today will be as follows. Luc will start with an overview of the business, I will discuss the financial results, and then we will end with Q&A. I will now turn the call over to Luc to provide an overview of the quarter. Luc?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Des, and congratulations on your newly announced role as CFO. I know many on the call already know you, but I’d like to take a moment to introduce you before we dive into our results. Des brings over 20 years of finance experience to the table, including leadership roles at the major players like Renaissance, IDT, Atmel, and National Semiconductor. His deep understanding of Rambus and demonstrated success of the company make him an ideal choice as CFO.
I’m very pleased to have him in his expanded role on the senior management team and we’ll now turn to our results for the quarter. The company delivered a strong performance in Q2, with revenue and earnings at the high end of guidance, and generated $56.5 million in cash from operations. In Q3, we expect strong demand in the data center to drive our results even as the industry continues to be supply constrained. We are addressing the needs of the data center with our diverse portfolio of chips, silicon IP, and patents, each of which is contributing at scale and fueling the company’s long-term profitable growth.
Memory interface chips delivered another record performance driving $53.3 million in product revenue even in the face of a very challenging industrywide supply chain environment. The situation remains dynamic and the team continues to work very closely and proactively with our supply chain partners to help minimize the impact to our customers. As a leader in DDR5 memory interface chips, Rambus has a great opportunity for growth and some expansion as the industry transitions to DDR5. Our DDR5 RCD is in volume production with a growing qualification footprint. And just a few weeks ago, we expanded our DDR5 chipset offering with the introduction of our new companion chips, the SPD Hub and temperature sensor.
These chips along with the RCD are integrated into server memory modules and the SPD Hub is also used in PC memory modules. We are sampling to customers now and expect initial production shipments of the companion chips late this year with the ramp in 2023. This is a very exciting milestone for the company, but as we’ve discussed before, DDR5 is still in the early stages of its product life cycle and is dependent on the rollout of new computing platforms. As our customers continue to build ahead of next-generation server volume shipments, we expect the demand ramp for DDR5 to be somewhat lumpy in nature.
With that, our memory interface chip product mix may shift as we march toward the projected DDR4, DDR5 crossover. In addition, as we look at the longer-term evolution of the data center, we are seeing strong engagement across the entire ecosystem and getting great feedback on the needs of the market for CXL memory expansion and pooling solutions. We are working closely with key players including leading cloud service providers and major DRAM vendors on next-generation platforms addressed by our CXL initiatives.
We also amplified our world-class product team with the addition of Hardent and further strengthened the development of CXL-based data center solutions. Turning now to Silicon IP. We delivered another strong performance highlighted by key design wins and continued momentum across multiple markets. Data center and AI are driving robust demand for our high-performance Silicon IP solutions and we are seeing growth in edge, government, and automotive. Rambus continues to demonstrate leadership in our areas of focus with major five controller and security IP wins.
In closing, this was another strong quarter for the company with the team continuing to execute on our long-term strategy and deliver considerable growth from our key programs. We achieved revenue and earnings at the high end of guidance. We delivered another record quarter of product revenue driven by memory interface chips and expanded our fam with the addition of the DDR5 companion chips. Silicon IP remains on track for a record year with sustained momentum in the data center and strong inroads into adjacent markets. And finally, we have a solid foundation from licensing as part of a balanced and diverse portfolio of offerings with multiple revenue streams.
We continue to invest in critical programs that keep us at the forefront of advanced data center architectures and our unique combination of products and expertise will fuel sustained growth in 2022 and beyond. Before I turn the call back over to Des, I’d like to take a moment to thank Keith for his contributions during this interim period. He has done a very good job working closely with both me and Des to bring the company through a successful transition and we remain very well positioned for the future. With that, I turn the call over to Des to discuss the quarterly financial results. Des?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Luc, and thank you to Keith as well for his support. I’d like to begin with a summary of our financial results in the second quarter on Slide 5. Once again, we delivered a strong quarter and we are very pleased with the ongoing execution of our growth initiatives. We delivered financial results at the high end of our revenue and earnings expectations. During the quarter, we successfully completed the acquisition of Hardent, Inc. We are very excited about the acquisition as it adds an extremely talented group of engineers which will bolster our CXL initiative. Let me walk you through our non-GAAP income statement on Slide 6.
Revenue for the second quarter was $121.1 million at the high end of our expectations. Loyalty revenue was $48 million up from Q1 and in line with our expectation, driven by additional upfront revenue from several license agreements. Licensing billings were $66.1 million. The difference between licensing billings and royalty revenue primarily relates to timing, as we do not always recognize revenue in the same quarter as we bill our customers. Product revenue was $53.3 million consisting primarily of our memory interface chip business. Memory interface chip revenue was a record for the company despite the supply chain challenges seen in other industry and we are delighted to see such strong demand from our customers. Contract and other revenue was $19.8 million consisting primarily of silicon IP.
As a reminder, only a portion of our silicon IP revenue is reflected in contract and other revenue, and the remaining portion is reported in royalty revenue as well as licensing billings. Total operating costs including cost of goods sold for the quarter came in at $76.1 million. Operating expense of $54.9 million was in line with our expectations. We ended the quarter with a total headcount of 747 employees, an increase of 32 employees from the prior period, which includes the strong engineering talent added through the Hardent acquisition. Under ASC 606, we recorded $2.7 million of interest income of which $1.5 million related to the financing component of fixed fee licensing arrangements for which we have recognized revenue, but not yet received payment.
Additionally, we benefited from approximately $1 million in favorable foreign currency exchanges during the quarter. We incurred $300,000 of interest expense primarily associated with the convertible notes. This was offset by incremental interest income associated with our cash and investment portfolio. After adjusting for non-cash interest expense on the convertible notes, this resulted in non-GAAP interest and other expense for the second quarter of $2.4 million. Excluding the financing interest income related to ASC 606, this would have been $1 million of interest and other income.
Using an assumed flat timeframe of 24% for non-GAAP pre-tax income, non-GAAP net income for the quarter was $36.1 million. With disciplined execution, and focus we again delivered earnings that was at the high end of expectations. Now let me turn to the balance sheet details on Slide 7. We ended the quarter with cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $351.6 million, an increase from the prior quarter as cash flows from operations of $56.5 million were partially offset by payments made to the final settlement of the previously announced debt repurchase and cash paid for the Hardent acquisition.
At the end of Q2, we had contract assets worth $211.9 million, which reflects the net present value of unbilled accounts receivable related to licensing arrangements for which the company has no future performance obligations. We expect this number to continue to trend down as we bill and collect for these contracts. It is important to note that this metric does not represent the entire value of an existing licensing agreement. As at each renewal opportunity, we restructure our patent agreements in a manner that allows us to recognize revenue each quarter. Second quarter capex was $8.9 million, while depreciation expense was $6.2 million.
We delivered $47.6 million of free cash flow in the quarter. Looking forward, we expect capex for the third quarter to be approximately $8 million. As a reminder, the forward-looking guidance reflects our current best estimates at this time and our actual results could differ materially from what I’m about to review. In addition to the financial outlook under ASC 606, we have also been providing information on licensing billings, which is an operational metric that reflects amounts invoiced to our licensing customers during the period adjusted for certain differences.
As we have reported historically, licensing billings closely correlates with what we had historically reported as royalty revenue under ASC 605. Now let me turn to our guidance for the third quarter on Slide 8. Under ASC 606, we expect revenue in the third quarter between $104 million and $110 million. We expect royalty revenue between $29 million and $35 million and licensing billings between $63 million and $69 million. We expect Q3 non-GAAP total operating costs, which includes COGS to be between $81 million and $77 million. Under ASC 606, non-GAAP operating results for the third quarter is expected to be between a profit of $23 million and $33 million.
For non-GAAP interest and other income and expense which excludes interest income related to ASC 606, we expect approximately $1 million of interest expense. We expect the pro forma tax rate to remain approximately 24%. The 24% is higher than the statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to higher tax rates in foreign jurisdictions. As a reminder, we pay approximately $20 million of cash taxes each year, driven primarily by licensing agreements with our partners in Korea. We expect non-GAAP taxes to be between an expense of $5 million and $8 million in Q3, we expect Q3 share count to be 113 million basic and diluted shares outstanding.
Overall, we anticipate a non-GAAP earnings per share range between $0.15 and $0.21 for the quarter. Let me finish with a summary on Slide 9. We continue to profitably grow our business demonstrating strong cash flow generation while having minimal debt. This financial leverage allows us to continue to focus on our strategic investments, both organically and inorganically. This has allowed us to develop a diverse set of products and solutions and leverages our strength in the data center and cloud markets.
In addition to the success of memory interface chips delivering another record quarter, I am pleased with the success in silicon IP. Silicon IP continued its momentum and remains on an annual run rate of $120 million to $130 million. With ongoing discipline and focus, we are well positioned to continue the strong execution of our long-term strategic plans. Before I open up the call to Q&A, I would like to thank our employees for their continued teamwork and execution. With that, I will turn the call back to the operator to begin Q&A. Could we have our first question?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Certainly. The first question is from the line of Gary Mobley with Wells Fargo. Your line is now open.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Hey guys, good afternoon. Des, let me extend my congratulations on the appointment. I’m most curious to start out asking about your buffer chip revenue, your memory interface revenue, on the chipset side specifically. And I’m curious if you were able to grow your backlog considering the deferred shifting trends in the demand dynamics as well as incremental supply and presumably you’re getting more supply coming on maybe there is some fungible capacity with your foundry partner? Maybe you can just share some additional details there?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Gary. I’ll start and then Des can comment. We’ve seen an environment where demand is much higher than supply. In the first half of this year, we had a meaningful gap between supply and demand and that was — that’s the case again for Q3. We are working on a weekly basis with our suppliers and our customers to manage our backlog and our orders. We have large orders on the books, we’ve not seen any cancellations on these orders, what’s happening is in the supply-constrained environment, we’re shifting the backlog in our quarters as we work with our suppliers. We have a little more visibility into the front-end capacity for Q4, but it remains very, very tight because we are still in a technology node that is quite tight. So we trun also our attention to the back-end. And at this point in time between managing the backlogs, managing our suppliers, the shift of crossover between DDR4 and DDR5, we still believe the street estimates that we have for Q4 [indecipherable] for Q3 are the right assumptions. Des?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Luc. And I should mention, we’ve been delighted with the growth of our product revenue in Q2 was another quarterly record at $53 million. We were able to gain up slightly for the Q3 midpoint. And when we look at the sort of back half of the year, Gary, I think most analysts have it modeled somewhere between $200 million to $210 million for product revenue, which is I think relatively flat Q3 and Q4 revenue number. Given the ongoing supply challenges and the uncertainty of the DDR5 ramp I think that’s a reasonable assumption and that would assume our growth rate year-over-year being about 40% versus fiscal year ’21. Demand remained strong and we remain very optimistic about our product business.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Well, thank you for all the detail, both of you. I want to extend the conversation and ask about your view on the substantial ramp of DDR5. And so I think your Intel and Sapphire Rapids was official last week that that is delayed to the very end of the year I think best case and more so into next year. Is that kind of how you view your official DDR5 ramp?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Yes, Gary. As you know, we started to ship our DDR5 chips in the second half of last year, in the second half of 2021 because the module makers go into production, ahead of the initial product builds. So we are monitoring what both Intel and AMD are doing. We think that the crossover between DDR4 and DDR5 in volume might be slightly shifting from the end of 2023 to the beginning of 2024. But we are shipping to the first queues, we’re getting orders from our customers. And I think we’re just monitoring this very, very closely. It’s going to be lumpy in nature, the transition between DDR4 and DDR5. But the market is going to be there and we are confident in our position in that market, it’s just going to be lumpy.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Okay. Thank you, guys. Appreciate it.
Operator
Thank you for your question. The next question is from the line of Mehdi Hosseini with SIG. Your line is now open.
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Yes. Thank you for taking my question. Luc, you had a very strong product revenue in Q2, up 70% year-over-year and up almost 12% on a sequential basis. And this is despite the fact that DDR5 is somewhat pushed up because of Sapphire Rapids. So can you please help us understand the dynamics behind this strength and why shouldn’t it go through like some sort of a pause before DDR5 adoption accelerates when Sapphire Rapids is available? And I have a follow-up.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Mehdi. One of the main reasons we continue to post a growth that is much higher than the market growth is because we had a very strong design win footprint in the last generation of DDR4. Many times on this call we explained that the footprint that we have in qualification translates a few quarters later into market share. And this is what happened with the DDR4 Ice Lake platform. We had a very strong footprint with our three customers, that platform Ice Lake, is lasting a bit longer than expected precisely because of the delay of DDR5 and that explains why we see this growth year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter. The other thing is we’ve literally worked very, very closely with our supply chain partners on a weekly basis and with our customers on a weekly basis to make sure that we optimize supply and backlog management through that period of supply-constrained environment. Regarding DDR5, as we said, we believe it’s going to be lumpy in nature. But DDR5 is going to ramp. We have received orders from the end of last year we continue to see orders, but I think the transition may take a little longer than we expected earlier. But the demand that is not going to be fulfilled by the Sapphire Rapids platform is going to be fulfilled by the Ice Lake platform. So we’re just monitoring that transition every week.
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Got you. And one quick follow-up. Based on ASC 605, your revenue growth for Q3 implies that $1 million incremental increase but your total cost is going up by $3 million to $4 million. How should I think about this dynamic and would your cost moderate after Q3 or cost increase will moderate after Q3?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Mehdi. This is Des. Looking at the Q3 guidance, we guided total operating costs and expense which includes costs of goods sold at $79 million at the midpoint. This was up a few million dollars versus Q2 mainly driven by the timing of some favorable R&D expense. If we look at the back half of the year for opex, we would expect SG&A to remain relatively flat with what you saw in this sort of first half of the year. But we will from time to time see some increases in variable R&D to support some of our R&D programs are expected to ramp in the back half of the year.
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you for your question. The next question is from the line of Sidney Ho with Deutsche Bank. Your line is now open.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Thank you. Congrats on the solid results and Des also on your CFO appointment. My first question is on the supply-constrained side. You talked about supply constraints impacting last quarter and probably going forward as well. Is there any way you can help us understand the impact in the past quarter in terms of revenue and margins? And what’s your expectations going forward and Des, what kind of flexibility in terms of supply constraints do you have beyond 90 days?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
If you’re talking about the last couple of quarters, the impact on supply constraint is that we could have had higher revenue, had we had this supply to support that revenue. We had a meaningful gap between our supply and our demand as a result of that, we had to shift some of our customers backlog into Q3 and Q4. So that’s the main impact. We are trying to maintain our cost of goods to the right level. So we are posting the margins that we said we would make despite this supply environment. And as I said, we were working week after week with our suppliers and customers to optimize that equation until we get out of that situation.
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Sidney, maybe, I would just add to the gross margin question as well. We’ve consistently talked about a blended product gross margin being between 60% to 65%. If you look at our gross margin for Q2 on the product side, we were around 62%, which was relatively flat to sort of Q1. So we’ve been operating in the first half of the year in the middle of this sort of product range that we mentioned. We’ll continue to watch the underlying sort of product mix but on a sort of a long-term basis, we remain committed to the 60% to 65% product gross margins.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
That’s helpful. Any my follow-up question is no [Technical issue] So you announced the SPD Hubs and the temperature sensor, Can you just remind us the timing of when you recognize revenues from these opportunities, what is the revenue potential versus your existing RCD chips? And what do you expect the attach rate with the RCD products and how do you expect that over time?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Yes, Sidney. So, as we say we are sampling customers as we speak these two companion chips are added to the DDR5 memory modules. So the ramp of those companion chips also going to depend on the DDR4, DDR5 transition. What I mean by this is, at the time on these parts, when DDR5 starts in the market. We are not expecting any meaningful revenue this year, this will ramp next year. And there are several suppliers for these types of products. So we don’t expect either a one-to-one attach rate to the RCD. But the RCD remains the main component on these memory modules for DDR5. We believe the companion chips could add some sam to the buffer chip. When we look at the market size for companion chips in 2024 when DDR5 is going to be out there, that has a sign of about above $400[phonetic] million in total to the [indecipherable], and we’re going to compete for a share of that sam.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Okay, that’s fair. Mind if I ask one more question?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Absolutely, yeah. Please go.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Yeah, just on the Hardent acquisition, what does it bring to the table that you don’t already have? And how does that change the timeline for your own CXL chips? Thanks.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Sidney. So the Hardent acquisition brings a couple of advantages to our CXL program. The first one is that they are very knowledgeable in some specific technologies like ECC and these kind of things. And secondly, and probably more importantly for us, they have a long experience at complex SOC design. Rambus is known for buffer chips, buffer chips is a small chip with signal integrity being the most important aspect of those. CXL chips are going to be much larger chips, SOC chips and this is something that we didn’t have in-house. So we’re bringing a team that had many years of experience building large SOCs together as a team and that’s going to help us in the back-end design of our CXL chips.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Thank you.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Sidney.
Operator
Thank you for your question. The next question is from the line of Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is now open.
McClain Culver — Rosenblatt Securities — Analyst
Hi. This is McClain Culver on for Kevin Cassidy. Thanks for taking my question.And congratulations Des, on your appointment. I know you touched on it in the remarks, but have you experienced any slowdown in licensing activity? And is that activity more weighted to memory interface, CXL or security? Thanks.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
I’ll start and let Des comment. The silicon IP business can be lumpy in nature because we’re going after a lot of customers and a lot of designs. But as Des said, we are on track to deliver $120 million to $130 million from that business. And if you look back to last year, that’s about $20 million to $30 million more. So the trajectory is a trajectory of growth, but we do see some I’d say variation from quarter to quarter depending on the timing of the designs that we win. We are winning designs across the board between interface IP and security. In the security IP, we address market beyond data centers and AI. This is with the security IP that we have our first wins with automotive or government types of applications.
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
And just the outlook[phonetic], we’ve been very happy with the momentum in pricing in the silicon IP business. We did reconfirm the $120 million to $140 million range for silicon IP in the prepared remarks, it’s really great to see this business growing and approaching scale. And as you mentioned, this comes from the combination of Interface IP and the security offerings that we have.
McClain Culver — Rosenblatt Securities — Analyst
Great, thank you.
Operator
Thank you for your question. There are currently no further questions registered. [Operator Instructions]
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Okay. So if there is no more question. Thank you. I’d like to thank you to everyone who has joined the call today for your continued interest and time. And we look forward to speaking with you again soon. Have a great day. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]