Rambus Inc (NASDAQ:RMBS) Q4 2022 Earnings Call dated Feb. 06, 2023.
Corporate Participants:
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Analysts:
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Kevin Cassidy — Rosenblatt — Analyst
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Welcome to the Rambus Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year ’22 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Desmond Lynch, Chief Financial Officer. You may begin your conference.
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, operator, and welcome to the Rambus Fourth Quarter 2022 Results Conference Call. I am Desmond Lynch, Chief Financial Officer at Rambus; and on the call with me today is Luc Seraphin, our CEO.
The press release for the results that we will be discussing today have been filed with the SEC on Form 8-K. A replay of this call will be available for the next week at (866)-813-9403. In addition, we are simultaneously webcasting this call and along with the audio, we are webcasting slides that we will reference during portions of today’s call. A replay of this call can be accessed on our website beginning today at 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time.
Our discussions today will contain forward-looking statements, including our expectations regarding projected financial results, financial prospects, market growth, demand for our solutions, the company’s ability to effectively manage any supply chain shortages and the effects of ASC 606 and reported revenue amongst other items.
These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may be discussed during this call and are more fully described in the documents we file with the SEC, including our 8-Ks, 10-Qs and 10-Ks. These forward-looking statements may differ materially from our actual results and we are under no obligation to update these statements.
In an effort to provide greater clarity in the financials, we are using both GAAP and non-GAAP financial presentations in both our press release and on this call. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financials to the most directly comparable GAAP measures has been included in our press release in our slide presentation and in our website at rambus.com on the Investor Relations page under Financial Releases.
We adopted ASC 606 in 2018 using the modified retrospective method, which did not restate prior periods, but rather run the cumulative effect of the adoption through retained earnings as a beginning balance sheet adjustment. Any comparison between our results under ASC 606 and prior results under ASC 605 is not an accurate way to track the company’s progress. We will continue to provide operational metrics such as licensing billings to give our investors better insight into our operational performance.
The order of our call today will be as follows: Luc will start with an overview of the business. I will discuss our financial results, and then we will end with Q&A. I’ll now turn the call over to Luc to provide an overview of the quarter. Luc?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Des, and good afternoon, everyone. 2022 was an excellent year for the company, capped off by a solid performance in the fourth quarter with Q4 revenue and earnings in line with guidance.
Through outstanding execution, we were able to grow the business faster than the market despite a challenging macroeconomic environment. We delivered another record year of product revenue driven by memory interface chips, hit our annual revenue target for silicon IP and extended our strategic relationship with Samsung, which strengthens our long-term licensing foundation. In addition, we generated a record $230 million in cash from operations over the course of the year.
As we have grown the business, we have strengthened our balance sheet and consistently returned value to stockholders through share repurchases, strategic investments and debt retirement. We continue our focused investments in the technology and talent critical to our growth initiatives.
As we take a look at the details of our performance, memory interface chips led the way, delivering Q4 product revenue of $67 million, up 15% quarter-over-quarter. This brought the full year to $227 million, setting a new annual record for product revenue and significantly outpacing the market with 58% growth year-over-year. These results were driven by strong execution throughout 2022, with the team expanding our DDR4 qualification footprint and making significant market share gains.
We are well positioned for the ramp of DDR5 with our industry-leading offering and continue our product leadership with last week’s announcement of our Gen 3 DDR5 RCD. This latest generation chip extends the performance of our RCD family to 6,400 mega transfers per second and supports the road map of future server generations in the years to come.
Turning to 2023, we remain vigilant as we navigate through the dynamics of the industry transition to a new generation of memory. While we now have improved visibility of supply, we are seeing elevated inventory levels at some end customers. This is leading to softness in the first half that is reflected in our guidance, but we expect a stronger second half of the year with next-generation memory ramping in earnest.
The industry is still early in the transition to DDR5 with a server memory crossover from DDR4 projected for the first half of 2024, which is consistent with our view from last quarter. And with that, our memory interface chip product mix would continue to be dynamic as the industry prepares for production shipments of DDR5. We are actively working with our customers to manage inventory adjustments and the transition to DDR5 and we believe we are well-positioned for continued growth in 2023.
As we look to the longer-term evolution of the data center, CXL brings many exciting opportunities. Multiple applications with CXL attached memory are emerging, enabling new memory tiers in the data center. CXL enabled architectures promised to deliver higher performance and improved total cost of ownership in server generations to come. We continue to work in close collaboration with the ecosystem including cloud, OEM and DRAM makers and are well-aligned with the market needs and timing.
Finally, in silicon IP, the team executed very well, achieving over 30% revenue growth year-over-year. We continue to lead in our areas of focus for both interface and security IP. And while we expect challenging macro conditions, we remain confident in the long-term growth opportunities. We demonstrated strength with Tier 1 wins throughout the year and are well-positioned to address the long-term need for high performance and highly secure IP in advanced SoCs.
In closing, this was a tremendous year for the company. The team executed incredibly well and consistently delivered results. While we are now navigating cross currents in the first half of 2023, stemming from the overall economic environment and from a generational industry transition from DDR4 to DDR5, we continue to see solid growth opportunities in the data center. We remain committed to making focused investments in the resources essential to delivering differentiated high-quality products and innovations that address the critical performance bottlenecks between processing and memory.
I’m extremely proud of the team, and I’m confident that our strategy puts us in an excellent position for long-term profitable growth. And as always, I’d like to thank our customers, partners and employees for their ongoing support.
With that, I’ll turn the call over to Des to discuss the quarterly financial results. Des?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Luc. I’d like to begin with a summary of our financial results for the fourth quarter and for the full year 2022 on Slide five. Once again, we delivered a strong quarter with both revenue and earnings in line with our expectations. We had excellent financial results in 2022, and we ended the year very well-positioned, as we continue to make progress on our long-term growth strategy.
The excellent financial performance was coupled with a continual improvement in our balance sheet, which supports our growth initiatives. For the year, our cash from operations was a record at $230 million, up from $209 million in 2021. Our ability to consistently generate strong cash flows has enabled us to invest in our strategic initiatives and consistently return capital to shareholders. In 2022, we executed a $100 million accelerated share repurchase program, which retired 3.2 million shares and we retired 94% of our convertible debt using our existing cash on hand.
As we look to the future, we expect to continue to deliver strong cash from operation and drive shareholder value.
Let me walk you through our non-GAAP income statement on Slide six. We continue to execute and revenue for the fourth quarter was $122.4 million in line with our expectations. Royalty revenue was $41.4 million while licensing billings was $64.3 million. The difference between licensing billings and royalty revenue primarily relates to timing as we do not always recognize revenue in the same quarter as we bill our customers. Product revenue was $67.2 million, consisting primarily of memory interface chips and for the full year, we delivered $227.1 million, which was a record for the company.
Contract and other revenue was $23.8 million, consisting primarily of silicon IP. As a reminder, only a portion of our silicon IP revenue is reflected in contract and other revenue, and the remaining portion is reported in royalty revenue, as well as in licensing billings.
Total operating costs, including cost of goods sold for the quarter was towards the high end of our expectations at $85.4 million driven by higher cost of goods sold related to record memory interface chip revenue. Operating expense of $55.8 million were in line with our expectations as we continue to be vigilant in our expense management. And we ended the quarter with a total headcount of 765 employees.
Under ASC 606, we recorded $1 million of interest income related to the financing component of fixed fee licensing arrangements for which we have recognized revenue but not yet received payment. We incurred approximately $800,000 in adverse foreign currency exchanges during the period. After adjusting for noncash interest expense on the convertible notes, this resulted in non-GAAP interest and other income for the fourth quarter of $400,000. Excluding the financing interest income related to ASC 606, this would have been $700,000 of net interest expense. Using an assumed flat tax rate of 24% for non-GAAP pretax income, non-GAAP net income for the quarter was $28.3 million.
Now let me turn to the balance sheet details on Slide 7. We ended the quarter with cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $313.2 million, up from the previous quarter, primarily driven by strong cash from operations of $51.3 million. At the end of Q4, we had contract assets worth $150.9 million which reflects the net present value of unbilled accounts receivable related to licensing arrangements for which the company has no future performance obligations. We expect this number to continue to trend down as we bill and collect for these contracts.
It is important to note that this metric does not represent the entire value of our existing licensing agreements as each renewal opportunity, we restructured our patent agreements in a manner that allows us to recognize revenue each quarter.
Fourth quarter xapex was $8.7 million while depreciation expense was $7.1 million. We delivered $42.6 million of free cash flow in the quarter. As a reminder, the forward-looking guidance reflects our current best estimates at this time, and we continue to actively monitor the macro environment and our actual results could differ materially from what I’m about to review.
In addition to the financial outlook under ASC 606, we have also been providing information on licensing billings, which is an operational metric that reflects amounts invoiced to our licensing customers during the period adjusted for certain differences. As we have reported historically, licensing billings closely correlates with what we had historically reported as royalty revenue under ASC 605.
Now let me turn to our guidance for the first quarter on Slide 8. Under ASC 606, we expect revenue in the first quarter between $107 million and $113 million. We expect royalty revenue between $25 million and $31 million and licensing billings between $61 million and $67 million. We expect Q1 non-GAAP total operating costs, which includes COGS to be between $87 million and $83 million. We expect Q1 capex to be approximately $9 million.
Under ASC 606, non-GAAP operating results for the first quarter is expected to be between a profit of $20 million and $30 million. For non-GAAP interest and other income and expense, which excludes interest income related to ASC 606, we expect approximately $500,000 of interest expense. We expect the proforma tax rate to remain approximately 24%. The 24% is higher than the statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to higher tax rates in our foreign jurisdictions. As a reminder, we pay approximately $20 million of cash taxes each year, driven primarily by licensing agreements with our partners in Korea.
We expect non-GAAP taxes to be between an expense of $5 million and $7 million in Q1. We expect Q1 share count to be 110 million basic and diluted shares outstanding. Overall, we anticipate a non-GAAP earnings per share range between $0.13 and $0.20 for the quarter.
Let me finish with a summary on Slide 9. I am pleased with our excellent 2022 results and the company’s execution in a challenging macroeconomic environment. Our top line growth was achieved by increasing our profitability and generating record cash from operations. In 2023, we are focused on execution while maintaining financial discipline. Our innovation drive a diversified and expanding portfolio, fueling product revenue growth. We continue to deliver value to our shareholders with a robust balance sheet and strong cash generation. We are well-positioned to continue executing on our long-term strategic growth plans.
Before I open the call off to Q&A, I would like to thank our employees for their continued teamwork and execution. With that, I’ll turn the call back to our operator to begin Q&A. Could we have our first question?
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator Instructions] The first question comes from the line of Gary Mobley of Wells Fargo. Your line is open. You may proceed. Gary, your line is open. You may proceed with your question.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Apologies, I appreciate you taking the question. I wanted to first ask about the different ebbs and flows in your product revenue as we transition through 2023. Luc, you communicated that you are uncertain — to paraphrase in terms of how DDR4 to DDR5 might impact your business, as well as excess inventories. May be you can share your view in how this transition may shape up because you’re guiding for $60 million in product revenue in the first quarter, which doesn’t sound too bad. So, is the risk really more into the second quarter that you might see some air pocket of weakness in your DDR5 product revenue? And then related to DDR5, have you started to see customers pick up their order trends, perhaps after they burn through some inventory that was built last year.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Gary, for your question. First of all, we’re very pleased with the year we had on the product revenue in 2022. As said in the remarks, $227 million, which was 58% growth over last year and the last quarter was a good quarter, as well as $67 million.
Now let’s look at what happened last year. Our customers started to build some inventory in advance for the DDR5 launch in the market. And because of some of the delays of the DDR5 platform, they had to pivot very quickly back to some DDR4 procurement in a supply-constrained environment. And that’s what is reflected in our Q4 revenue, if you wish, where the weight of DDR4 is higher than what we expected out of the $67 million.
Now what’s happening is our customers have to digest some of these orders that have placed on us. We are working with them in scheduling their backlog for the DDR4 orders. They are cautious as they also have to manage that transition to DDR5. And that explains the guidance we’re giving for the first quarter of this year.
But we’re confident to continue to grow throughout the year with the launch of DDR5. We very pleased that both AMD and Intel announced the launch of their platforms to DDR5. DDR5 is going to start in earnest mostly through the second part of the year. So as indicated last quarter, this coming quarter and the second quarter are going to be quarters where we’re going to adjust the backlog of our customers and the transition from DDR4 to DDR5.
I would like to say that we have backlog in place for DDR4. We don’t see order cancellations. We’re just negotiating the schedule of shipments of these DDR4 for parts and we are comfortable with the level of inventories on DDR5. So we just have to go through the transition. We will grow this year. We will continue to gain share this year, but that will happen mostly in the second half of the year.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Got it. Appreciate all the color, Luc, as my follow-up, I wanted to ask about the run rate at the Silicon IP business, if I’m not mistaken, last quarter, it was $125 million annualized run rate. Is it still at that level or have we seen some additional growth on top of that?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
So we had very nice growth last year on our Silicon IP business. It grew about 30% over the previous year. I think we will continue to grow that business this year but at a lower rate given the macroeconomic environment. And we see a growth of that business in 2023 in the low to mid single-digit number as opposed to the growth that we saw last year with the backdrop of the current economic environment.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Got it. Thank you, guys.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Gary
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Kevin Cassidy of Rosenblatt. Please proceed.
Kevin Cassidy — Rosenblatt — Analyst
And congratulations on the good results. And congratulations also for introducing the third generation DDR5. And as you’re speaking with your customers, do you have an idea of what the bell curve or what the distribution will be for each one of those speed ranges, Gen 1 through Gen 3?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Kevin. The qualification cycles for the RCD chips are quite long and complex, and they’re based on the performance of the chips. They are based on interoperability between the memory and the processors and signal integrity. And to give you a little bit of background, the DDR5 ramp that will happen this year that is happening this year on the Separative and General platform is based on our Gen 1 RCD, which we announced in September of ’17.
The second generation of RCD, we announced it in October ’21, some time ago, and that will address the follow-on products, which will be introduced to the market in 2024. And the third generation, which we just announced right now on 5,400 mega transfers per second is going to address again the following generation that will be introduced in the market of 2025. It’s always very important for us to be ahead of the market to engage with the ecosystem to go through these very complex qualification processes with our customers so that we continue to grow our share as we move. So this year, generation 1 of RCD is going to be the one in production. Generation 2 will start to be in production next year and Generation 3, which we just announced will start to be in production in 2025.
Kevin Cassidy — Rosenblatt — Analyst
I see. very clear. Thank you for helping me out with that. And maybe if you could give us the status of your — the other chips that are going on to a DDR5, the temperature controller, the SPD Hub. Just an update on the status of those devices?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Yes.So we announced the SPD hub and the temperature sensor in July of last year. we’re well ahead with the qualification with our customers as we speak, and we expect those products to start generating revenue towards the end of this year. That’s where we are at the same status as last quarter.
Kevin Cassidy — Rosenblatt — Analyst
I see, great, thank you.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Kevin.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Mehdi Hosseini of SIG? Please proceed.
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Yeah, thanks for taking my question. One for Luc and one follow up for Des. I just want to go back to the silicon IP and wanted to understand how the mix would change especially as we migrate from first half and the second half. Would there be opportunity with the CXL 2.0 where you can actually use the existing [Indecipherable] slot to add DDR4. Would that create kind of opportunity for you, especially with CXL 2.0 and memory controller. And i have a follow-up
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
So, thank you, Mehdi. So, when it comes to CXL, we have introduced last year a series of IP that address CXL markets. We announced CXL 2.0 IP in January of last year. We announced CXL 3.0 towards the end of the year, as well as PCIe Gen 6. So we continue to have design wins in the CXL space with SoC vendors that build SoCs for the CXL market. The CXL market will start in earnest towards the end of next year. That’s where for us, we are going to start to see product revenue. So, from an IP stand point as we said, the view we have on our IP business this year is that it’s going to grow in aggregate low to mid single digits because a lot of the design slots have been accessed at this point in time.
Given the economic environment, we do see a slight slowdown of design [Indecipherable]. But CXL will start. It’s just said the IP business related to this or the IP business in general is going to grow at a lower rate this year than it was last year. This being said, we will start to the CXL product revenue towards the end of next year.
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
Okay. Thanks for clarification. And the follow-up question for Des is the buffer chip gross margin had a dip. Should I — and –I remember for calendar year 2022, you had guided to 60% to 65% gross margin. but you exited the year at 58%. How should we think about progression of buffer chip product — product buffer chip gross margin throughout this year?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Mehdi, thanks for your question. As Luc mentioned, our product revenue execution and growth has been exceptional as we continue to grow the business. I think if you look on the full year basis for 2022, our product gross margins were right at 61%, which was in line with our long-term target of 60% to 65%. When we look as a company we manage our gross margins the long-term and depending where we are in the product cycle, and what products we are shipping, you can see our gross margins moving around quarter to quarter. That is reflected in Q4, Product gross margins were [Indecipherable] this range, which was entirely driven by product mix in the quarter. And we do expect to see a similar product mix in Q1.
With improvements in product mix and continued manufacturing cost reductions as we go throughout the year, we do expect product gross margins for 2023 to be within the long-term range of 60% to 65%, Mehdi.
Mehdi Hosseini — SIG — Analyst
.
Okay, great, thank you.
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. And the next question comes from Sidney Ho of Deutsche Bank. Please proceed.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Thanks for taking my question. Just first one is just to follow up with the gross margin question. Just want to make sure I understand the product mix that you’re specifically talking about, is it the mix between DDR4 versus DDR5? Is it — just any color around that will be helpful in terms of when — also try to think about when these headwinds going to start going the other way?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks for your question. You’re exactly correct on that one. We did see in Q4 a higher mix of our DDR4 revenue from there. And that’s what we expect to see going into sort of Q1. I think what we’ve talked about is that on the product side, we do expect to see softness in the first half of the year which Luc mentioned in his prepared remarks, with the recovery in the second half of the year, mainly driven by the DDR5 sort of revenue from there. And with that, we will see our sort of gross margin to improve and come in line with the targeted range of the 60% to 65% that I’ve mentioned.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Okay. That’s clear. Thank you. Maybe a follow-up question is, I think you guys — and to an earlier question, you talked about you expect your product revenue in aggregate for the full year to grow year-over-year. But did I also hear correctly that you expect Q1 to be the trough quarter as well and then start growing from there? And how should I think about the mix as you exit the year, even a range will be helpful between DDR4, DDR5 and maybe some companion chips?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
Sidney, thanks for your question again. What we’ve said is our visibility beyond sort of Q1, it’s limited on the sort product transition. Your customers are digesting the inventory in advance of the product transition from there. But I think, overall, we do expect to grow our sort of product revenue with growth in the sort of back half of the year is the way that I would describe it from there. I think overall, our execution and growth in the product side has been exceptional from there.
I think we’re not going to really break out the DDR4, DDR5 mix. Again, our visibility is sort of limited as the customers work through some of these transitions from here. But I think overall, for the year, we do expect grow our product revenue.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Okay. Maybe if I could sneak in one quick one. If I — looking at your operating expenses, excluding the cost of goods sold, it’s up a bit from the Q4 level in your guidance. How should we think about the rest of the year given the current macro environment?
Desmond Lynch — Chief Financial Officer
That’s a great question, Sidney, thanks. We’ll continue to be disciplined and vigilant in our operating expense management given the macro challenges. For Q1, we did guide our total operating costs, which includes cost of goods sold to be relatively flat to Q4 at $85 million. If you really look specifically our operating expenses in 2022, our quarterly operating expenses were relatively stable around the $55 million to $56 million per quarter. with R&D at $35 million to $36 million per quarter and SG&A is roughly $19 million to $20 million.
In Q1, we will see some seasonal payroll increases, which will increase our sort of cost basis from there. But our expectation is that we will keep our operating expenses relatively flat from Q1 to Q2. And really looking at the sort of back half of the year, we’ll continue to be prudent in our expense management and really strike the right balance to ensure that we continue to fund the right investments to ensure that we maintain our leadership positions in key programs.
And I think you’ve seen us the discipline throughout the year, so we’ve seen nice operating expense leverage from there.
Sidney Ho — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Okay, thank you.
Operator
The next question is a follow-up from Gary Mobley of Wells Fargo. Please proceed.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Hi, guys, thanks for taking my follow-up. You have shipped DDR5, again chipsets, and so I am curious to know the order of magnitude for the price increase for the RCD, specifically in DDR5 versus DDR4. May be in the initial days of DDR5, there maybe as well taking a view with more commercial volumes? And then with respect to the companion chips, the data buffer — I’m sorry, not the data buffer, but the SPD hub and the temperature sensors, how would you calibrate your share in those particular end markets vis-a-vis your RCD share knowing that you have a broader set of customers in those companion chips?
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Gary, for your question. Regarding DDR5 pricing, typically, when there’s a change of generation, we do see a reset of pricing especially at the very beginning when the volumes are small. But when we go in production in earnest towards the second half of the year, we will see this price erode over time, starting from a much higher level. This is typical in that kind of generation would change. And that’s why we believe, as indicated by Des earlier that our margin should improve throughout the year. And we still see us meeting our margin targets of 60% to 65% for the whole year.
So that’s how we do see the transition from DDR4 to DDR5.
With respect to the companion chips, these companionships are in qualification now with customers. We expect them to be in production with customers towards the end of this year. The qualification cycles for these companion ships are much shorter than it is for [Indecipherable] series. They are much less complex. So it’s easier to gain market share earlier. It’s a bit earlier to predict what our market share is, but we have good relationships, good contracts with our customers. So we expect to get some good revenue from these companion chips when we introduce them into the market. But the qualification cycles are much, much shorter than what they are for RCD chips, for example.
Gary Mobley — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Thanks for the questions.
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
There are currently no additional questions registered at this time. [Operator Instructions].
Luc Seraphin — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, everyone, who has joined us today for your interest and time. We look forward to speaking with you again, too. Have a very good day. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks].