Udemy, Inc. (NASDAQ: UDMY) Q3 2021 earnings call dated Dec. 08, 2021
Corporate Participants:
Unidentified Speaker —
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Sterling Auty — J.P. Morgan — Analyst
Joshua Baer — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Terry Tillman — Truist Securities — Analyst
Robert Oliver — Robert W. Baird & Co. — Analyst
Stephen Sheldon — William Blair & Company — Analyst
Nat Schindler — Bank of America — Analyst
Jason Celino — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Ryan MacDonald — Needham & Company — Analyst
David — Jefferies — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Thank you for joining the Udemy’s Third Quarter Fiscal 2021 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, today’s conference call is being recorded.
I would now like turn the conference to your host, Mr. Taylor Jao [Phonetic] to cover the Safe Harbor.
Unidentified Speaker —
With me today are Gregg Coccari, Udemy’s CEO; and Sarah Blanchard, Udemy’s CFO.
Before we begin, during this call, we may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal security laws. These statements involve assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed or anticipated. For a complete discussion of risks associated with these forward-looking statements, we encourage you to refer to our SEC filings, including our quarterly report from Form 10-Q for this quarter, which ended September 30, 2021 filed with the SEC on December 8, 2021. Our forward-looking statements are based upon information currently available to us. We caution you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and we do not undertake and expressly disclaim any duty or obligation to update or alter our forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.
In addition, during this call, certain financial performance measures may be discussed that differed from comparable measures contained in our financial statements prepared in accordance with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles referred to by the Securities and Exchange Commission as non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures assist management and investors in evaluating our performance and comparing period-to-period results of operations in a more meaningful and consistent manner as discussed in greater detail in the supplemental schedules to our earnings release. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures is included in our earnings press release submitted to the SEC. These reconciliations together with additional supplemental information are available at the Investor Relations section of our website. A replay of today’s call will also be posted on the website.
During this call, we reference an ESG risk rating developed by Sustainalytics. The use of the ESG risk rating and the information included therein is subject to limitations. For more information, see our earnings press release.
I will now turn the call over to Gregg.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Thank you, Taylor, and thank you all for joining us on our first call as a public company. It’s been an exciting journey so far. We’re grateful to our employees and instructors for their incredible commitment to our mission of connecting people everywhere to the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in a rapidly changing world. We’re also grateful to Udemy Business customers and learners for trusting us as they upskill and reskill to meet the needs of the modern workplace. Thanks to them all, we had a successful IPO and a strong third quarter.
As of the quarter-end, Udemy had over 46 million paid and free learners and over 9,500 customers subscribing to our Udemy Business offering. In the third quarter, we grew revenue to $129.6 million, up 9% year-over-year. Udemy Business grew 84% year-over-year with an ending ARR of $207 million. As expected, the consumer business was down 13% year-over-year due to the extraordinary top line growth last year during the early waves of the pandemic.
Driving Udemy Business’ strong year-over-year growth was increasing demand for our content. Its quality, its depth, its breadth, its freshness, which is a direct result of our differentiated global knowledge marketplace. It provides both the content and significant leads that fuel our Udemy Business offering, which meet the specific needs of our business users. For Udemy Business customers specifically, we’ve recently expanded our Udemy Business offering with new language collections in Italian and Russian, as well as immersive learning and cohort-based learning offerings.
For those of you who are new to Udemy, I’d love to start with our founder story because it reflects Udemy’s commitment to making education and knowledge accessible and obtainable. Eren Bali grew up in a small village in rural Turkey, where he attended a one room school house far from any city or university. He had an early interest in math and chess, but no one nearby to mentor him. Then his parents bought the family a used computer and Internet access, and everything changed for Eren. Suddenly he could tap into the world outside his village, and soon he was searching for math problems online and learning from experts in the field. Eventually, he would win a national mathematics competition, move to the US and become a serial entrepreneur. Online learning changed Eren’s life. And he founded Udemy, so that people everywhere could access the world’s knowledge and pursue their dreams.
But Eren did more than simply launching online learning platform, by using a marketplace approach that allows experts anywhere to share what they know with learners anywhere, Udemy disrupts the way knowledge is shared and learned across the globe. Our marketplace serves as an ideal platform for the continuous upskilling and reskilling necessary in a changing world. Both training and education solutions whether online or not rely on an outdated publisher model. This legacy model hinders the speed of course development, limits the pool of potential instructors and their creativity. And it makes it difficult to localize globally at scale. The publisher model is simply too slow for the kind of rapid, continuous content creation necessary today, and it’s not built to leverage user feedback to improve content quality in any timely way.
By contrast, Udemy’s dynamic two-sided marketplace model allows instructors to quickly develop an update content to meet learner demand. Our consumer and business learners provides also proof and feedback at scale through enrollments, ratings and reviews, which in turn give instructors the information they need to continuously improve their offerings. We also offer instructors comprehensive analytics and insights to help them improve the quality and increase engagement. And then there is the financial incentive, the potential to earn real income that motivates our instructors to produce the best, most relevant content they can.
The efficiencies of the marketplace model have enabled us to build a vast catalog of high-quality courses to provide a comprehensive and immersive learning experience through video and interactive exercises. Learners can communicate directly with instructors through Q&A functionality. Machine learning and AI capabilities in our platform enhance course discoverability by personalizing recommendations for each learner. We offer local content and pricing to meet learners’ needs across the globe. Again, we believe our marketplace approach allows us to be more affordable and accessible than other solutions, while providing the highest quality, deepest and broadest catalog of courses to our customers and learners.
We estimate our market opportunity and online learning to be over $200 billion. According to the World Economic Forum, in the next six months, around 40% of the workers will require reskilling and nearly all business leaders report that they expect employees to pick up new skills on the job as digital acceleration continues. To keep up with the pace of innovation, both individuals and companies must continuously upskill and reskill. Udemy offers the ability to learn these skills with 5,000 new courses created each month, eight-thirds of which are in languages other than English to serve an increasingly global workplace.
In order to maintain our position in the market, we’re continually innovating our platform and developing new immersive learning products. We launched Udemy Business Pro, which features labs and assessments in a number of technology verticals. We also acquired a company called CorpU, which specializes in cohort-based leadership training for Fortune 500 companies. And in the quarter, we also incorporated new machine learning capabilities to enhance our search functionality and improve conversion and retention within the consumer business.
Global distribution continues to be a strategic focus. Earlier in the year, we announced a strategic partnership with Woongjin ThinkBig, one of the largest Korean education companies to expand Udemy in Korea. We’re now also expanding our reach into two massive regions, China via partnership with Sanjieke, a leading vocational education platform, and Sub-Saharan Africa through a partnership with the MultiChoice Group, a leading media company in the region. Our partnership in China will focus on building our Udemy Business presence in the country, thanks to Sanjieke’s local sales force and market knowledge. Udemy’s expansion to Africa will be accelerated by MultiChoice Group, which will advertise Udemy’s courses on television to more than 12 million households in 13 countries. These key strategic partnerships further position Udemy as the global learning destination.
Over 30 million unique visitors come to Udemy every month to learn. This is the engine that fuels Udemy Business and enables us to disrupt corporate learning. Let me give you a few concrete examples to demonstrate how Udemy Business customers engage with us. Citibank started with five licenses in 2018 and has now expanded to 100,000 licenses via multi-year agreement. I’m proud that Udemy is Citi’s largest learning content provider, and the one with the most digital content consumed by Citi employees. Citi chose Udemy Business to partner for two strategic priorities, personalized learning and building learning into the flow of work. Citi’s top courses include everything from technical topics like Python and Agile to power skills like communication and leadership.
This quarter, we added new enterprise customers across verticals, including Fortune 500 Alcoa, Fortune 500 Mitsubishi Chemical, Carvana, the leading e-commerce platform for buying and selling used cars, and FREE NOW, Europe’s leading multi-mobility platform which is deploying Udemy Business wall-to-wall, noting that continuous training is essential. We’ve also expanded with customers like Citibank, Michelin and Mercado Libre.
Let me also give you a quick overview of how learners are using our platform. A former taxi and limo driver in New York came to Udemy to learn SQL after dabbling with other online education offerings that never worked for him. Now, after completing courses in SQL certification and SQL for data science from top Udemy instructor Imtiaz Ahmad. He recently accepted a full-time tactical position at a large multinational bank headquartered in New York City. Another learner signed up for Udemy courses through the last-mile program while serving a prison sentence at San Quentin. As part of our ESG program, Udemy supports this non-profit, which was established to help currently or formerly incarcerated people train for jobs and technology. This individual now teaches others from his community how to code and use the skills he learned on Udemy to secure a role as a software engineer at a leading Silicon Valley Communications platform.
We’re also extremely engaged with our instructors who drive the quality and breadth of our content and enable us to provide new content in real-time. In 2020, we paid our instructors $161 million and our top instructors are making over $1 million in annual revenue. We look at this investment in our instructors as crucial to our differentiation. Our instructors are amazing. Kyle Pew, a Microsoft Certified Trainer and instructor at Udemy reached 1 million students on the platform in September. Kyle posted his first course on Udemy in 2015 and has turned teaching from a side hustle into a full-time job. He even hired a team to assist with maintaining his 20-plus courses and keeping up with the learner Q&A.
Lindsay Marsh, a graphic design instructor on Udemy hit $1 million in revenue after four years on the platform. Lindsay recently shared that creating and filming courses is now her full-time job. She credits Udemy for providing the platform and marketing resources to help her reach thousands of learners around the world. These are just a few of the over 60,000 instructors that make Udemy marketplace so special.
As a global learning platform, we see a huge opportunity to serve learners and economies for access to continuous learning is problematic or too expensive. Through our free offering, we provided learning to millions of people around the world. We’re committed to inclusion and diversity, both in our own workplace and in the learners we serve, and take pride in having been ranked by Sustainalytics in the first percentile for ESG risk ratings in the Internet Software and Services sub-industry as of July 2021, due to our exacting standards and our commitment to enabling access to education for everyone. Overall, we’re extremely proud of our success carrying out our mission of connecting people everywhere with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed.
With that, I’ll turn the call over to Sarah.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Gregg. We’re very pleased with the results in the quarter, particularly with the growth in Udemy Business, which we expect to continue to grow as a percentage of revenue over time with strong unit economics.
Before I lay out the quarter, let me briefly explain our revenue model. Our revenue comes from paid consumer learners and Udemy Business customers. As online learning has become more mainstream and organizations have realized its benefit, we have experienced rapid adoption of our solution. And our revenue mix has been shifting towards Udemy Business. Consumer revenue was 61% of our revenue versus 77% a year ago, while Udemy Business revenue has increased from 23% a year ago to representing 39% of our revenue. Today, consumer revenue is mainly consist of individual course purchases made by individual learners. We are also starting to generate revenue from our consumer subscriptions, which were initially launched in Q2. Udemy Business revenue primarily relates to Udemy Business subscription contracts with annual or multi-year subscription terms. Udemy Business subscriptions are generally billed in advance on an annual basis.
Before I jump into the numbers, it’s important to mention that the majority of our consumer revenue is recognized ratably over four months following the course purchase, where the majority of our consumer content costs are recognized in the same month as the course is purchased in line with net billing. As a result of this disconnect in timing between consumer revenue and content costs, we typically see lower consumer gross margin in quarters with high consumer net billings. This is then followed by a quarter with higher consumer gross margin, when that deferred revenue is being recognized with no associated content cost.
With that said, third quarter revenue of $129.6 million was up 9% year-over-year driven by extremely strong growth in our Udemy Business segment. At the same time, our consumer business faced an extraordinary comparison, given accelerated top line growth during the early waves of the pandemic last year. We continue to see growth outside North America outpacing North American growth, delivering over 60% of our revenue from international customers and learners.
For the remainder of this discussion, all financial metrics are non-GAAP, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Gross profit was $72.2 million, up 4% versus the third quarter of 2020, driven by the strong results in Udemy Business. Gross margin was 55.7% of revenue, approximately 300 basis points lower versus the prior year due to the timing of revenue recognition in the third quarter of 2020 from the COVID peak buying that happened in the second quarter of that year. Again, the instructor costs associated with the COVID peak were incurred in Q2 2020, while a significant portion of that revenue was recorded in Q3 2020, creating an unusual spike in gross margin in the third quarter last year.
Our cost of revenue consists primarily content costs, which are payments to our instructors. Content costs depend upon how we acquire each learner. For consumer courses, instructors earn a specific percentage of the net billing amount when a learner purchases the instructor’s course. The courses offered through Udemy Business are consumer subscription offering, instructors earning pro rata share based on consumption of instructor costs generated by those subscription offerings. We expect content costs as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time as Udemy Business and consumer subscriptions become a larger portion of overall revenue.
Turning to opex, total operating expense was $74.2 million or 57.2% of revenue compared to 54.2% in Q3 last year. Sales and marketing expense represented 38.6% of total revenue compared to 38.4% in Q3 of 2020. Research and development expense was 11.9% of revenue versus 9.5% in the year ago period as we continue to increase investments in immersive learning, consumer subscription and to further improve our personalization and machine learning capabilities. General and administrative expense was 6.8% of revenue versus 6.3% a year ago as we ramped for public company readiness.
Net loss in the quarter was $1.7 million or 1.3% of revenue.
Adjusted EBITDA was positive $1.6 million or 1.2% of revenue.
With our huge market opportunity, we’re focused on prudent investment in driving top line growth and expect that we will continue to incur short-term losses while incrementally gaining leverage from longer-term profitability.
Free cash flow was negative $8.5 million versus negative $26.6 million a year ago.
Moving on to the balance sheet, we ended the quarter with $130.2 million of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.
Now, let me discuss our consumer and Udemy Business segments individually. Consumer revenue was $79.2 million, down 13% versus a year ago. The third quarter of 2020 was exceptionally strong driven by COVID-related buying in Q2 2020, so we expected to see a tough comp this quarter. In the quarter, we had approximately 1.3 million monthly active buyers, which was down 6% year-over-year. Consumer gross profit was $42 million or 53% of consumer revenues. As Gregg mentioned, consumers are important top of the funnel source for Udemy Business. During the quarter, we added 2.4 million new consumer and business learners bringing our total base to 46.5 million.
Udemy Business continue to deliver exceptional growth in Q3 with revenue of $50.4 million, up 84% year-over-year driven by strengthened new logos, as well as expansion with an existing customers. We exited the quarter with over 9,500 Udemy Business customers, up 42% year-over-year. Udemy Business net dollar retention rate was 118% and ending ARR of $207.4 million was up 80% as compared to the prior year. Going forward, we expect to continue to see strong growth in new customers and revenue from Udemy Business.
Udemy Business gross profit was $32.9 million or 65.4% of Udemy Business revenue. Gross margin was down slightly year-over-year as we increased our investment in customer success to help support our land and expand strategy.
I’d like to share some thoughts on what is ahead of us and the business over the long-term. There is a massive opportunity to support organizations and individuals as the world moves towards a skills-based economy. Our marketplace with this dynamic ability to trade new high-quality content is uniquely positioned to keep pace with accelerating change and the global need for upskilling and reskilling in a way others cannot. We intend to invest thoughtfully with a focus on driving growth, while investing in areas that will improve unit economics, balancing securing our leadership position in global, affordable and accessible learning with driving long-term improvement in the EBITDA margins. We will continue to invest in immersive and hands-on learning capabilities, as well as furthering our ability to support cohort-based learning and communities.
We’re just getting started in consumer subscriptions, which will support learners at different stages in their ongoing learning journey. Investing in deepening our competitive moats and continuing to expand our international presence will benefit all of our constituents, while we work to create operating leverage and improve EBITDA margins over time.
Looking to the fourth quarter, we expect revenue between $130 million and $134 million with consumer delivering similar absolute revenue as last year as we work through the 2020 COVID dynamics, while Udemy Business continues to show very strong double-digit growth. We expect an adjusted EBITDA loss between $28.5 million and $24.5 million or an adjusted EBITDA margin of negative 22% to negative 18.3%.
And with that, operator, please open the call for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Sterling Auty of J.P. Morgan. Your line is open.
Sterling Auty — J.P. Morgan — Analyst
Yeah, thanks. Hi, guys. So on the consumer business, you had mentioned that you’re starting to see a little bit of traction in the consumer subscription. Any more detail that you can give to that element in terms of where either geographically or what you’re doing to kind of support the adoption on the subscription side?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Hey, Sterling. Thank you for the question. It’s very much early days in our consumer subscription journey. We’re really focused still on testing and learning and we’re doing it in about five countries right now. It’s a very small percentage of our traffic that we’re just in the testing and learning phase, and then once we find the sweet spot of where we want to be, then we will ramp it up. So — but we’re not there yet.
Sterling Auty — J.P. Morgan — Analyst
Understood. And then one follow-up on the business side, looking at the success that you were having in new customer adoption, if you could just kind of talk to us around the ramp of some of your sales resources and effectiveness in the major regions of the world?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yeah. We’re continuing to build out our go-to-market team. Our go-to-market team today is about 400 people. And so, we’re continuing to ramp it up and — but there is still a lot of new people because we’re continuing to hire. We’re building it out across the globe. We started in North America, then we went to EMEA, then we went to APAC and we’re building out all those areas. But then we just started building out Latin America. So we still have a lot of people ramping up, while we’re seeing — with the established salespeople, we see very good trends, but there’s also a lot of new ones coming in as we continue our global expansion.
Sterling Auty — J.P. Morgan — Analyst
Understood. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Josh Baer of Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.
Joshua Baer — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Great. Thanks for the question and congrats on the first quarter. Question for Gregg, with pressures on enrollments in higher ed that we’ve been hearing about this semester. One thesis is that, individuals are choosing higher wages in the workforce over school. And so, with that in mind, I’m just wondering if you’re picking up any increase in demand on the consumer side related to individuals looking for skills for the workplace.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yes, we’re seeing those same trends in enrollments, in college enrollments in the US specifically, where they are down and we actually think that for us is a headwind. That’s a headwind for schools, excuse me, but a tailwind for us. So, we are in the skills-based economy, we’re helping people upskill and reskill and get that first job. So, this is something that’s actually a good trend for us.
Joshua Baer — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Great. That makes sense. And for, Sarah, with your excellent international presence, I was just hoping you could provide some context on an overview for foreign currency exposure if there is a hedging program or if there is — it was impact in the quarter, any context for what constant currency growth was in 2020 or this quarter, would be great? And thank you very much.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, great question. So the biggest piece of cost for us is our content cost and that is a natural hedge for us. We don’t have a ton of other exposure from an FX perspective. Obviously, currency gains and losses in constant currency there is different countries going different ways from an FX perspective, but we have that natural hedge built into our business.
Joshua Baer — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Okay. Thank you. So, it’s impacting the top line and as well as [Speech Overlap]
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
It impacts [Speech Overlap] that’s right, impacts the top line and the bottom line together.
Joshua Baer — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Okay.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
The top line and then costs. Yeah.
Joshua Baer — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Okay.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Terry Tillman of Truist Securities. Your line is open.
Terry Tillman — Truist Securities — Analyst
Yeah. Thanks for taking my questions, and congrats as well from me, Gregg and Sarah, on the IPO, the successful IPO. I just had two questions. One is, given the timing of your IPO and then we launched coverage and just kind of you’ve got well over a month of the fourth quarter under your belt. I’m curious on the consumer side, I do think, if I’m not mistaken, you do some promotions in kind of that Cyber Week is pretty important. Anything you can share at all in terms of just consumer engagement, maybe over kind of the Black Friday or Cyber Monday or just what you’ve seen so far quarter-to-date around kind of seasonal buying? And then I had a follow-up.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yeah. Thank you. See, the fourth quarter is one of our big quarters. In the consumer business, the fourth quarter and the first quarter of next year are our two big quarters. And so, we came in and we saw Black Friday and we do a lot of promotions and a lot of marketing, and we’re very happy with what we saw. I mean, our traffic is holding up. I mean, the things are — the early indicators for us is our traffic and our traffic has been consistently over 30 million unique visitors and it’s up over 50% year-over-year versus — not year-over-year versus 2019. So our traffic is holding up and we’re seeing good trends. And so, even though Black Friday overall for the consumers was off a little bit, we had a very solid performance.
Terry Tillman — Truist Securities — Analyst
That’s great to hear, Gregg. And then my follow-up for either you or Sarah is just on the Udemy Business side. What I’m curious about is, some of the initiatives you have to just further strengthen engagement and just drive better outcomes for the Business customers like immersive learning, UB Pro. What are you seeing from some of those initiatives? And could they have potentially a positive development on the dollar-based net revenue retention? Thank you.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So, thanks for the question. We’re in the early stages of what we’re building out for immersive learning and the response from customers is very positive. So, I think it will help, not just on net dollar retention, because I think having more products to sell into our customer base will, obviously, help on net dollar retention, but also in just new logos. There is a lot of excitement about hands-on and community workspaces assessments. And so, we’re very excited to continue the progress there.
Terry Tillman — Truist Securities — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Rob Oliver of Baird. Your line is open.
Robert Oliver — Robert W. Baird & Co. — Analyst
Great. Good evening. Can you guys hear me okay?
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Yes.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yes.
Robert Oliver — Robert W. Baird & Co. — Analyst
Okay, great. Thanks. My first question, Gregg, is for you on the Udemy Business side. Obviously, very strong and it seems like a nice expansion with Citi, which was already a pretty large deployment. Just curious what you’re seeing there in terms of the mix and type of lands that you’re seeing with UB, whether it’s mostly large enterprise, whether it’s commercial? And then if you can just remind us, I know you guys just called out the seasonality on the consumer side of the business, which makes perfect sense for Q4 and Q1. Is there also that a similar seasonality with the enterprise buying that we can expect in Q4 in the UB side of the business? And then I had a quick follow-up for you, Sarah.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yes. So, yes, there is a seasonality in Udemy Business side and it’s fourth quarter. So December is always our biggest month for landing. And as far as the type of accounts that we’re seeing, it’s very, very broad-based. We’re seeing small, we’re seeing medium, we’re seeing enterprise. So we’re seeing everything and we have a land and expand strategy as we’ve talked about before. We are only in about 10% of the seats in our current customers. So we have the ability to expand for many, many years and so — and the market is very good. The HR people are investing in retention skills and are investing in reskilling and upskilling. So the market is particularly good.
Robert Oliver — Robert W. Baird & Co. — Analyst
Thanks, Gregg. I appreciate it. And, Sarah, maybe it’s a little early to call this out and maybe it’s next fiscal year, but when you guys have been just painting the tape with partnerships and global partnerships and deals and just wondering just, for example, on MultiChoice, Gregg talked about the advertising element there. Are there any economics that we should bear in mind as these partnerships start to ramp, any economic implications, whether it’d be rev share or impact to margins, or is it just too early to discuss that? Thank you, guys, very much.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Some of them are too early. Some of the partnerships that are more similar to our existing partnership in Japan, they’re structured very similarly. So you shouldn’t see a difference from an economic perspective.
Robert Oliver — Robert W. Baird & Co. — Analyst
Okay. Thanks, again, guys.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Stephen Sheldon of William Blair. Your line is open.
Stephen Sheldon — William Blair & Company — Analyst
Hey. Good afternoon, and thanks for taking my questions. I want to — first question, I just want to ask about the fourth quarter guidance. It looks like at least relative to my model, revenue has come in a little better than expected, but spending is also — looks a little elevated at least relative to what we’ve modeled. So, I guess, are you making any incremental growth investments relative to what you would have previously expected? And is there anything related to the continued success with fourth quarter promotional activity, given that there’s some revenue and expense timing mismatch where some of that expense or all that expense would hit 4Q, but the revenue would be spread out over into early 2022?
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, great. Thanks for the question. So there is just few initiatives that we have increased expenses on. The first is top of the funnel and doing some TV advertising, really building out our brand internationally and in the US. We are — obviously, we’ve experienced an increase in costs associated with being a public company, but mostly we really are investing in the global go-to-market team and the immersive learning. So increasing investments on the sales and marketing side and on the R&D side to build out some of these capabilities.
Stephen Sheldon — William Blair & Company — Analyst
Okay. Got it. And then really, really strong growth, I guess, on the Business side with new customers and seems like some sizable customers, too. Curious if you’re seeing any changes in the breadth of initial deployments across the employee bases with these new customers? I think you mentioned, Gregg, you’re only covering about 10% of total employees. So clearly, a lot of upselling opportunities. But are you at least starting to see bigger initial wins that cover a bigger percentage of the employee base than you’ve seen historically? Do you have any color on that?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yeah. The initial sales are getting bigger and bigger over time. In fact, we had our first $1 million land — $1 million-plus land, so we’ve never done that before. We’ve built $1 million customers, but we’ve never landed one and we did in this quarter. So we are seeing that over time get bigger and bigger.
Stephen Sheldon — William Blair & Company — Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Nat Schindler of Bank of America. Your line is open.
Nat Schindler — Bank of America — Analyst
Great. Thank you. And just actually to follow-up on that last question and actually see if you can go into more detail. Can you walk us through the basic sales cycle that you have had with large enterprises on your business side? How long it takes? How long you — and then to land and then what the process is to expand within and what’s typical?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yeah. So on the sales cycle, enterprise can be three to nine months, we have some that have taken two years, so it can be very large, but typically, I think nine months would be a good average. And as far as the expansion, again, it’s all different, but we — the process is, we have a sales and customer success team that work together with executives in the Company to understand what outcomes that they are trying to drive and we work with them to drive those outcomes. We use playbooks and help them achieve whatever their goals are and then — and the expansion works over time.
Nat Schindler — Bank of America — Analyst
And do they start with particular groups within the organization and expand out from there? Or do they just look for — how do the most organizations look at using your service on the business?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yeah. We come in from usually either in one or two sides. We come in from the technology side, and that’s where we started when we were smaller. And now we’re coming in more probably at 50-50 in the technology side and the HR side. So we’ll go in any way that we can get in and — but it tends to be both those — both that way.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
I think one of the trends that we’re seeing that is a benefit to us is the HR and the learning budgets are increasing as customer — as employees — employers are thinking about retaining their employees, upskilling, reskilling, all the needs of sort of being an employer today. And so, we have seen that trend, as Gregg said, shift more and more towards HR. And then at the same time, those budgets are becoming larger and larger as teams are focused on how do we retain our employees, how do — are they keeping up with the digital transformation and the accelerated pace of change. And it’s difficult to hire the skills they want right now. So it’s really about upskilling and reskilling their teams to the extent possible.
Nat Schindler — Bank of America — Analyst
And finally, can you take just a little bit on how you competitively are situated against other guys who are coming in, in the online learning space? Are they — for example, Coursera. Are the businesses who were using you, seen you as a replacement or a different — they’re similar offerings? Or are they using you for different things?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
That’s a good question. I mean, it’s almost everything you can think of. We — the bigger the enterprise, they tend to have more than one different content provider. So we’ll sit alongside our competitors or we’ll replace, we’ll do all those things. So it just depends by customer. The customer — the competitors in our enterprise business are Skillsoft, LinkedIn Learning, Pluralsight and Coursera. So those are the big ones. We have advantages, though, that we believe and we have a marketplace. Our marketplace is an advantage. We’re much more global. We can develop content much faster than everybody else can. But again, people have different strengths and weakness and we will sit alongside them.
Nat Schindler — Bank of America — Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Jason Celino of KeyBanc Capital. Your line is open.
Jason Celino — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Great. Thanks, Gregg. Thanks, Sarah, for taking my questions. Maybe my first one, I think at the beginning you mentioned new AI engines improved conversion on the consumer side. Maybe can we talk about some of these initiatives? Has this engine already been implemented? Thanks.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yes, thank you. Thank you for the question. We use AI and machine learning in a number of different places on our platform. We’ve built a pricing engine that allows us to price individually course per country. We use it for matching. We use it for recommendations. We use it to acquire learners. We use it for skills tagging and assessments. And so, yes, we are using it in all those places. But it’s constantly being tested. You’re constantly upgrading the algorithms and testing there. So, we’re getting wins there all the time, especially in the search and recommendations area.
Jason Celino — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Perfect. And then you mentioned some new language collections in Italian, Russian and expansion in the Korea and Sub-Saharan Africa. How do you decide which countries or languages that you want to focus into next? And then what levers do you have in building content in these areas?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
Yeah. So, it just really depends on what we’re hearing from our enterprises, the languages that they are looking for. So the beginning ones are obvious. We’re getting into some that are less obvious, but it’s the markets that we want to build. For Korea, for example, we’re building out our Korean collection right now. We did a deal with a partner, Woongjin ThinkBig, and the two of us are working together to build our Korean collection for Udemy Business and for our consumer side. So we’re building out our collections in a number of different places in the world and we’re just going from one country to the next.
Jason Celino — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Perfect. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Ryan MacDonald of Needham. Your line is open.
Ryan MacDonald — Needham & Company — Analyst
Hi, Gregg and Sarah, thanks for taking my questions and congrats on a nice quarter. I wanted to first start with the CorpU acquisition. Just to understand sort of how that’s going to be integrated in the platform and what the go-to-market is going to look like there. And then as we think about the fourth quarter guide, what should we be assuming in terms of contribution from CorpU? Thanks.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
So, we purchased CorpU a few months ago. And the business is leadership training from top universities. They have — we have faculty from — and top professors from Harvard, MIT, Wharton and Stanford that are teaching leadership courses. It’s our first foray into cohort-based learning and our plan is to start with leadership but then work across in Udemy Business into other verticals, cohort-based learning and then eventually take cohort-based and bring it on to our consumer marketplace.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
And from a Q4 perspective, the CorpU acquisition was really about the technology, the capabilities and the skill set that that team had. And so, we don’t anticipate it having a huge impact on the fourth quarter. We are integrating that into our go-to-market team. And so, it will be sold alongside Udemy Business and Udemy Business Pro, but it will take some time for that to get into the pipeline.
Ryan MacDonald — Needham & Company — Analyst
Excellent. Thanks for the color on that. And then when we think about this partnership model as you continue the international expansion. Are these partnerships exclusive in each country? Or are there opportunities to multi-source some of those partnerships? Thanks.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
They are exclusive that we just — we did a partnership in Korea, in China and in Sub-Saharan Africa with MultiChoice Group and those are all specific to those countries. They are unique.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from Brent Thill of Jefferies. Your line is open.
David — Jefferies — Analyst
Hi, guys. This is David on for Brent. Thanks for taking the questions and congrats on the IPO. Two if I may. The first one, can you maybe talk a little bit about your strategy to go after instructors, I guess, specifically some of the top instructors? And how are you acquiring instructors? Is there any sort of secret sauce that you guys are doing?
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
At this point because of our scale of our marketplace and that we spent $161 million last year in instructor payments, the instructors tend to come to us. So we get the top instructors because we monetize better than any other place that they can. And so, we don’t have to spend a lot of time doing that. We did in the early phases of our business to build our marketplace in the beginning, but now we don’t have to spend as much time. Now, when we go into a new country, we do — we go into a new country, and we want to build — take the local content, which we’re doing in a place like Indonesia right now. We put somebody into the marketplace and we have them work with local instructors to bring the content online. So, it really is more starting the flywheel. Once we get the first 500 to 1,000 instructors in a local language, then the flywheel takes off and then we don’t have to get involved. For example, we have 12,000 Portuguese courses today. We have not had to get involved in that in many, many years.
David — Jefferies — Analyst
Got it. Thanks for the color. And a follow-up on the consumer business. Obviously, tough comps against last year. But going forward, how should we be thinking about the growth rate for this business over the next few years? And is growth going to be driven by new customers or increasing monetization of existing customers? Thanks.
Sarah Blanchard — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So I think a few things on the consumer business. The first is, COVID really accelerated trends that we’re already seeing, and we really — we got two years of growth in 2020. Q3 2020 was our biggest quarter as we are recognizing revenue from the peak line that happened in Q2 2020. So, while we’re working through some tough year-over-year comps, it really feels like things are stabilizing. The pandemic isn’t over and no one can really see perfectly into the future here, but our business is significantly bigger than pre-pandemic. Our traffic is significantly higher. And when we think about where the growth as we’re getting back to growth, there is a few levers. There is obviously — there’s an enormous TAM. And at the levels where we’re at, we are just scratching the surface of the consumer markets and the learning that is going to happen. We are — we’ve recently launched in Q2 our consumer subscription business. And that is not only going to increase the LTV of the consumers themselves, but it’s actually going to open up new consumers that we can bring on to our platform.
So I think while we’re still working through what is hopefully the tail-end of pandemic behavior and getting back to some modest growth in the near-term, the bigger levers are out in the future with the subscriptions and building that out, as well as immersive learning capabilities, which we’re launching initially in Udemy Business with Udemy Business Pro, but then we’ll be porting that over to our consumer side as well.
David — Jefferies — Analyst
Great. Thanks, guys.
Operator
Thank you. I’m showing no further questions at this time. I would turn the call back over to Gregg Coccari for any closing remarks.
Gregg Coccari — President and Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
I want to thank you for your questions and your interest in Udemy. Over the last 11 years, we’ve built a global platform to meet the needs of learners, instructors and organizations everywhere. Our mission is to democratize learning and the affordability, accessibility and high-quality of our content to make that possible. The Udemy marketplaces disrupting corporate learning as we’re able to keep pace with the ever-changing needs of companies in upskilling and reskilling their employees. Whether we’re talking about teams of corporate learners or an instructor recording their first course on Udemy, we’re creating new possibilities for people everywhere, every day. Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]