United Parcel Service, Inc. (NYSE: UPS) Q2 2022 earnings call dated Jul. 26, 2022
Corporate Participants:
Ken Cook — Investor Relations Officer
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Nando Cesarone — Executive Vice President & President, US
Analysts:
Christian Wetherbee — Citigroup — Analyst
Allison Poliniak-Cusic — Wells Fargo Securities — Analyst
Jeffrey Kauffman — Vertical Research Partners — Analyst
Kenneth Hoexter — BofA Securities — Analyst
Amit Mehrotra — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Todd Fowler — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Jordan Alliger — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
David Vernon — Sanford C. Bernstein — Analyst
Jizong Chan — Stifel, Nicolaus — Analyst
Brian Ossenbeck — JPMorgan Chase — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Good morning. My name is Steven, and I will be your facilitator today. I would like to welcome everyone to the UPS Investor Relations Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator instructions]
It is now my pleasure to turn the floor over to your host, Mr. Ken Cook, Investor Relations Officer. Sir, the floor is yours.
Ken Cook — Investor Relations Officer
Good morning, and welcome to the UPS Second Quarter 2022 Earnings Call. Joining me today are Carol Tome, our CEO; and Brian Newman, our CFO.
Before we begin, I want to remind you that some of the comments we’ll make today are forward-looking statements within the federal securities laws and address our expectations for the future performance or operating results of our company. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which are described in our 2021 Form 10-K, our first quarter 2022 Form 10-Q and other reports we file with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. These reports, when filed, are available on the UPS Investor Relations website and from the SEC. Unless stated otherwise, our discussion refers to adjusted results.
For the second quarter of 2022, GAAP results include after-tax transformation and other charges of $31 million or $0.04 per diluted share. A reconciliation to GAAP financial results is available on the UPS Investor Relations website along with the webcast of today’s call.
Following our prepared remarks, we will take questions from those joining us via the teleconference. [Operator Instructions]
And now I’ll turn the call over to Carol.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Ken, and good morning. Let me begin by recognizing our more than 500,000 UPSers around the world for their dedication, hard work and efforts. Our Founder, Jim Casey, said, “We do what we promise.” And in the second quarter, our UPSers did just that. They not only met, they exceeded our promises to our customers, our shareowners and each other.
In the second quarter, the macro environment remained dynamic. We expected volume levels to decline from last year. They did but more than we planned, given a number of factors that Brian will detail. Despite the decline in volume, we continue to win in the most attractive parts of the market with strong gains and revenue quality. Under our better not bigger strategy, our actions are creating a more resilient UPS. We are delivering better service for our customers and stronger financial results for our shareowners.
For the second quarter, consolidated revenue rose 5.7% from last year to $24.8 billion and operating profit grew 9.3% to $3.6 billion. Consolidated operating margin expanded to 14.4%, a 40 basis point improvement from last year, and it was our highest quarterly consolidated operating margin in nearly 15 years. All business segments delivered operating profit growth. And I’d like to give a shout-out to our Supply Chain Solutions businesses, which delivered operating profit of $517 million, a record high performance.
Moving to our strategic update. Our customer-first, people-led innovation-driven strategy is powering consistent improvement across our company. Starting with customer-first, which is about creating a frictionless customer experience, we are growing in the parts of the market where we want to grow, like SMBs, health care, B2B and certain large enterprise accounts.
How are we doing that? By providing outstanding service and focusing on the capabilities that matter the most to our customers. Let me share a few new highlights with you.
Starting with our recent acquisition of Delivery Solutions. This is a carrier-agnostic digital platform that enables companies to easily optimize their deliveries across dozens of physical networks through a single connection. Carriers include routing and other same-day services, along with curbside pickup and small package shipping, further adding to UPS’ array of digital commerce solutions for our customers.
Next, we are continuing to win with SMBs by making it easier for them to ship with us. Our new digital pricing platform called Deal Manager, that we discussed last quarter, simplifies and accelerates the pricing process for larger SMB customers and is performing better than we expected. Our win rate is 12 percentage points higher than we anticipated, which helped drive our U.S. SMB growth rate in the second quarter. Later this year, Deal Manager will be rolled out to our international small package business, starting with Canada and Germany.
Additionally, DAP, our digital access program, is continuing to grow in the U.S. and internationally. In the first 6 months of this year, DAP generated more than $1 billion in revenue putting this well on our way to achieving our $2 billion revenue target in 2022.
And looking at SMBs, in the U.S. in the second quarter, we grew SMB average daily volume, including platforms, by 3.3%, which was faster than the market. SMBs made up 29.2% of our total U.S. volume in the quarter, an increase of 200 basis points from 1 year ago. While our international volume levels were challenged in the second quarter, due to the ongoing war in Eastern Europe and COVID-19 lockdowns in Asia, that didn’t stop us from investing in our business. We recently launched a new daily flight from our Cologne air hub that connects key manufacturing cities in Asia. This flight speeds up transit times across multiple intra-Asia tradelanes and provides greater connectivity to the UPS global network, including to the U.S. and Europe.
And speaking of Europe, did you know that UPS has the fastest ground network in Europe? In fact, we are faster by at least ONE day on the ground in over one-third of the market, and we will continue to leverage our competitive advantage here to win on speed and service.
Our international expansion didn’t stop in the air. In the second quarter, we announced a new joint venture in India, which we call MOVIN. MOVIN offers a range of extensive, express and premium service coverage across India with a strong portfolio of B2B domestic services.
Moving to health care. We’ve expanded UPS Premier, our advanced technology solution. UPS Premier gives complex health care shipments, a priority lane in our network with enhanced visibility and near-perfect service. So far this year, we’ve added 14 new countries to UPS Premier, bringing the total availability to 33 countries. And by the end of this year, we will add another 15 countries in Europe, Asia and Latin America. These efforts and more are keeping us on track to hit our $10 billion health care revenue target in 2023.
Moving to people-led. I’m delighted that Bala Subramanian has joined the company as UPS’ new Chief Digital and Technology Officer. He is tasked with supercharging digital transformation across every aspect of our business and will unleash even more innovation for our customers.
We are moving from digital literacy to digital fluency. And to help us get there, we are investing in our people and have created training to equip them with new skills. The entire executive leadership team, including me, has completed this digital fluency training and we are moving quickly to train our next 2 levels of leadership, which brings me to innovation driven.
This is about the future of UPS and driving more productivity from the assets we own. The changes we’ve already made have significantly increased the agility of our network and are driving productivity improvements. In the second quarter in the United States, we were able to manage hours in line with volume levels, and we optimized our trailer loads by eliminating 1,600 loads per day compared to the same time frame last year. And we will continue to deploy additional technology prior to peak.
To give you a couple of examples, we are on track with our deployment of Smart Package Smart Facility to the first 100 buildings in our network. And prior to peak this year, we will bring 2 automated facilities online, including the first 2 phases of our new 800,000 square foot regional hub in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
Additionally, on July 11, we launched our total service plan across the U.S. network. Brian will share the details, but our total service plan approach creates a more predictable operating environment enabling us to take more cost out and make our industry-leading service even better. We are also working on another big efficiency opportunity, and that’s how to improve delivery density. We are approaching this differently by attacking density upstream and fulfillment. We recently completed 2 pilots, and we’re really excited about the results. We are building a new digital platform that can scale, and we look forward to sharing more detail with you in the coming quarters.
Innovation-driven will also help us reach carbon neutrality by 2050. On Thursday of this week, we will publish our set of annual sustainability report, which includes our 20th GRI Content Index. In these reports, we share some new technologies that we are using, like the eQuad electric-assist bikes we are piloting in New York and London. These eQuads are a great zero-emission last-mile solution for super-urban environments.
Before I turn it over to Brian, let me end by reaffirming our 2022 consolidated financial targets. In 2022, we expect to generate about $102 billion in revenue, consolidated operating margin of approximately 13.7%, and we expect return on invested capital to be greater than 30%.
Lastly, we are again increasing our targeted share repurchases for 2022, taking the target up to $3 billion for the year. In the face of a very dynamic macro environment, we remain agile and on strategy. We have multiple revenue and cost levers to pull, and we remain focused on controlling what we can control.
And now I’ll turn the call over to Brian.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Carol, and good morning. In my comments, I’ll cover 4 areas. Starting with the macro environment; then our second quarter results; next, I’ll cover cash and shareowner returns; and lastly, I’ll wrap up with our financial outlook for the second half of 2022.
In the second quarter, there were many cross-currents that contributed to a dynamic macro environment. In the U.S., even with high inflation and increasing interest rates, the job market and consumer spending remains strong with a growing share of wallet spent on services. Internationally, the environment continued to be negatively impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns in Asia and geopolitical issues, both of which drove complexity in the market for customers. Despite these external factors, we remained agile and delivered strong second quarter results as we expected.
In the second quarter, consolidated revenue increased 5.7% to $24.8 billion. Consolidated operating profit totaled $3.6 billion, 9.3% higher than last year. Consolidated operating margin expanded to 14.4%, which was 40 basis points above last year and was our highest consolidated operating margin in nearly 15 years. For the second quarter, diluted earnings per share was $3.29, up 7.5% from the same period last year.
Now let’s look at our business segments. In U.S. Domestic, revenue quality initiatives more than offset the volume decline and drove strong second quarter results. Average daily volume in the U.S. was down 4% or 823,000 packages per day versus the second quarter of last year. More than half of the decrease was due to actions we took with a few of our largest customers, to optimize air and ground volume we bring into our network. And the majority of the volume reduction from these customers was residential. We expected to fill this gap with other enterprise volume, but macro conditions made that challenging.
In the second quarter, residential volume declined 8.2% and was partially offset by a 2.3% increase in B2B average daily volume. B2B represented 43% of our volume, which was up from 40% in the second quarter of 2021. We are continuing to win in the most attractive parts of the market due to our industry-leading service and enabling capabilities.
In the second quarter, SMB average daily volume, including platforms, grew 3.3% year-over-year. And SMBs made up 29.2% of our U.S. domestic volume, an increase of 200 basis points over last year, putting us well on our way to achieving our 2023 target of 30%. For the quarter, U.S. Domestic generated revenue of $15.5 billion, up 7.3%.
Revenue per piece increased 11.9%, with double-digit increases across all products. Changes to price per gallon for fuel drove 400 basis points of the revenue per piece growth rate increase, and the remaining 790 basis points of revenue per piece improvement came from the actions we took, which included base rates, fuel pricing and mix improvements.
Turning to costs. Total expense grew 6.9%, primarily driven by 2 factors: first, fuel drove 370 basis points of the expense growth rate increase due primarily to the rise in price per gallon compared to last year; and second, wages and benefits contributed about 200 basis points of the increase due to the rise in health, welfare and pension rates. The remaining variance was driven by multiple factors, including maintenance and depreciation. Had we managed our second quarter cost for the short term, they could have been better. But we made the decision to manage for the longer term. So we pulled on most cost levers, but not all of them. Knowing that we would need to hire for peak soon, we did not want to make a short-term decision that would negatively impact service later in the year.
Our industry-leading service is driving revenue quality and is bringing new customers in the door. Helping to offset cost increases, we are continuing to see the benefits of our cube utilization and other productivity efforts. Our latest initiative is called Total Service Plan, which we launched earlier this month across the U.S. network. This is about running an on-time precision network every day. Specifically, we’ve optimized our operating plans to minimize driver wait times and execute an on-time dispatch across our network. We are happy with the early results, including a marked improvement in on-time feeder departures, which reduces idle time across the network. Total Service Plan is a key initiative that will drive lower cost and provide greater predictability for our customers and our operators.
To wrap up U.S. Domestic, the segment delivered $1.9 billion in operating profit, an increase of $180 million or 10.7% compared to the second quarter of 2021. And operating margin expanded 40 basis points to 12%.
Moving to our International segment. A softer macro environment, the war in Eastern Europe and lockdowns in China pressured volumes, but our team stayed agile in the air and on the ground as we adjusted the network to match our volume levels. Total average daily volume was down 9.2% in the second quarter, reflecting more normal shopping behaviors in parts of the world like Canada and Germany. In the second quarter of this year, international domestic average daily volume was down 13.4%, which represented more than three-quarters of the total decrease in international volume.
Total export average daily volume declined 4.4% due to a combination of factors, including high global inflation and COVID-19 lockdowns in Asia, which disrupted manufacturing output. As we did last quarter, we adjusted the network and were able to keep our operations moving in Asia to serve our customers.
In the second quarter, international revenue increased 5.3% to $5.1 billion. Revenue per piece increased 14.8%, including a 610 basis point decline due to currency, which was more than offset by a 1,300 basis point benefit from fuel. The remaining revenue per piece growth rate increased 790 basis points was from base pricing, product mix and revenue quality actions that we took. Operating profit grew to $1.2 billion, including a $60 million negative impact from currency. Operating margin in the second quarter was 23.7%.
Now looking at Supply Chain Solutions. Our team did a great job leaning into the dynamic macro conditions and responding to the needs of our customers. In the second quarter, revenue was $4.2 billion, up 0.7% despite the divestiture of UPS Freight, which accounted for $297 million of Supply Chain Solutions revenue in the second quarter of 2021.
Looking at the key performance drivers. In Forwarding, our Ocean Freight product had strong revenue growth due to higher rates, and both Air and Ocean Freight forwarding generated strong operating profit growth by managing the buy/sell spreads. Within Forwarding, our truckload brokerage unit delivered excellent operating profit growth driven by revenue quality initiatives and customer mix. And our Healthcare business again delivered record top and bottom line results driven by complex customers in cold chain, clinical trials and labs.
In the second quarter, Supply Chain Solutions generated record operating profit of $517 million and delivered a record operating margin of 12.2%, an increase of 250 basis points from last year.
Walking through the rest of the income statement, we had $171 million of interest expense. Other pension income was $298 million and our effective tax rate for the second quarter was 23%.
Now let’s turn to cash and shareowner returns. Year-to-date, we’ve generated $8.3 billion in cash from operations and free cash flow was $6.9 billion. And in the first half of 2022, UPS paid $2.6 billion in dividends and completed $1.2 billion in share buybacks, which brings us to our outlook for the second half of 2022.
According to IHS, GDP expectations for the full year have again been lowered from previous forecasts. Global GDP is now expected to grow 2.9% and U.S. GDP is expected to grow 1.4%. We are continuing to pay close attention to macro elements, including COVID-19, inflationary pressures, the health of the consumer and the geopolitical environment.
The execution of our strategy under our better not bigger framework is enabling greater agility and resiliency against an uncertain macro environment. Despite this backdrop, we are reaffirming our consolidated financial targets for 2022, driven by our results in the first half of the year and the progress we are making on our strategic initiatives.
For the full year 2022, consolidated revenues are expected to be about $102 billion, which takes into account the divestiture of UPS Freight. Consolidated operating margin is expected to be approximately 13.7%, and return on invested capital is anticipated to be above 30%.
Looking specifically at the second half of 2022, in U.S. Domestic, we anticipate back half 2022 revenue growth of around 5.5%, driven by strong revenue quality and we expect second half operating margin to expand to about 11.6%, which is consistent with our full year guidance.
As you update your models for U.S. Domestic, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, we anticipate volume growth rates will improve slightly in the second half of the year compared to the first half, and we expect revenue per piece to continue to increase year-over-year but at a slower rate than in the front half of the year.
Second, we expect an increase in compensation expense in the second half of the year. Our annual wage increase for our Teamsters employees goes into effect in August and is $1 per hour, which is higher than last year. Additionally, our current contract includes a cost of living adjustment that will be significantly higher this year compared to last year, and we expect to continue to pay market rate adjustments in certain geographies around the country.
And third, union benefit rates will also increase in August. Together with pension service costs, these union wage and benefit rate increases will add nearly $600 million to our costs in the second half of 2022 compared to the second half of 2021. The investments we are making in our integrated network, like our new Harrisburg, Pennsylvania automated hub, Smart Package Smart Facility, additional labeling and bagging automation, plus our total service plan will help to offset the increase in wages and benefits in the back half of the year. And we expect our cost per piece growth rate will be lower than in the first half of the year as we continue to implement our productivity initiatives. The combination of our revenue and cost initiatives will enable us to grow revenue per piece faster than cost per piece and achieve our 11.6% full year operating margin target.
Moving to the International segment. In the second half of the year, we anticipate volume growth rates will improve relative to the first half, driven by our speed and service advantages in Europe. We expect revenue growth to be in the low single digits. Additionally, we expect currency will remain a headwind in the second half of the year. Operating margin in the International segment is anticipated to be about 23%.
In Supply Chain Solutions, we expect revenue in the second half of 2022 of nearly $9 billion, driven by our logistics and health care businesses. We’ve already begun to see ocean forwarding rates moderate, and we expect that trend to continue further year-over-year. Operating margin in the Supply Chain Solutions segment is expected to be about 10%. On a consolidated basis, we anticipate operating margin will be around 13.6% in the back half of 2022, with the fourth quarter increasing about 20 basis points year-over-year. And lastly, we expect the tax rate to be around 23% for the remainder of the year.
Turning to capital allocation. For the full year in 2022, we still expect free cash flow to be around $9 billion, including our annual pension contributions. Capital expenditures are still planned to be about 5.4% of revenue or $5.5 billion. We plan to pay out around $5.2 billion in dividends, subject to Board approval. We plan to repay $2 billion in debt at maturity this year, including the $1 billion we’ve already paid in the first half of the year.
Lastly, in terms of share repurchases, we are, again, increasing the amount of cash we plan to allocate to share repurchases, taking the target up from $2 billion to $3 billion in 2022, further rewarding our shareowners. The execution of our strategy is enabling greater agility and has driven fundamental changes to nearly every aspect of our business.
As we discussed last quarter, there are multiple ways for us to deliver our targets, including offsetting softer volume through revenue quality and productivity. We have many levers to pull, and we are confident that we will deliver the targets we’ve laid out.
Thank you, and operator, please open the lines.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
[Operator instructions] Our first question will come from the line of Chris Wetherbee of Citi. Please go ahead.
Christian Wetherbee — Citigroup — Analyst
Maybe starting, Brian, where you left off on sort of the cost side, thinking about the ramp-up in the back half of the year, I know it’s early, but I want to get a sense of what you think sort of the expense profile of the business, particularly on the domestic side is going to look like exiting ’22?
And as we think about 2023, I know you have the Teamsters contract coming up next year, probably a little too early to talk about that. But it seems like there’s some cost inflation kind of picking up. I want to get a sense of maybe how you think about that exiting the year? And what are the buckets you can kind of attack to maybe offset that?
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Chris, thanks for the question. Look, we expect CPP in the back half of the year to actually improve versus the first half. As I think about 2H, we’re looking to put about $1.7 billion up in revenue growth in domestic, and there’ll be a comparable increase in cost of about $1.7 billion.
But Nando and the team in the U.S. are taking a number of actions to actually drive productivity and efficiency. We just launched Total Service Plan. We’ve got Smart Package Smart facility, cube automation, a number of initiatives. Those will drive about $300 million to reduce that $1.7 billion in cost increase. So as I think about exiting, I actually think CPP will be high single digit in the second half of the year. And so as we exit, I think we’ll be in good shape going into ’23.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
And maybe just a little color on the Total Service Plan. This is a transformative initiative for our company. And it’s really running our integrated network the way it was designed to run. And to make that real for you, sometimes we’re a little light with feeder arrivals and departures. And with the initiative that we just kicked off on July 11 is about getting back on time and to dimensionalize that for you, a 10-minute improvement within the integrated network is worth $257 million.
So we’re really excited about this. We’ve just kicked it off. It was a monumental effort. Get this, Nando and his team had to have one-on-one conversations with 64,000 drivers in our company, talking to them about their individualized service plan because some people want to get home for dinner at night and some people want to have some overtime. So we’ve built individualized plans for our drivers, and we retrained hundreds of thousands of people in our methods. And we’re very, very excited about the Total Service Plan.
Christian Wetherbee — Citigroup — Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you very much.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Allison Ann Poliniak of Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Allison Poliniak-Cusic — Wells Fargo Securities — Analyst
Hi. Good morning. I just want to ask a question on SMBs. Obviously, you’re growing faster than the market, Deal Manager obviously impacting that as well. Is there a way to think about that as we kind of look to the back half? Does that outperformance still continue? And I think Deal Manager also touches on pricing a little bit. Does that, I guess, strengthen that revenue quality of the SMBs that you guys are onboarding at this point?
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes. From a numbers perspective, Allison, we had guided to 150 basis points of SMB improvement as a percentage of volume mix in the U.S. We’re right on track to do that. We had a bit stronger performance in the second quarter, 200 bps, but we’re holding to that full year 150. So that obviously does contribute to the revenue quality that we saw in the first half and will see in the second half.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Our SMB initiative is multifaceted. And certainly, Deal Manager is part of it. We saw our win rate at 71% in the second quarter, that was 12 percentage points higher than we had planned. So we were super excited about that, and we’re looking forward to rolling that outside the United States.
But it’s not just the Deal Manager. By the way, I should say with Deal Manager, we’re holding more of the base rate, which is great too. That’s part of the RPP strategy here. But it’s much more the Deal Manager, thinking about that we have $1 billion of DAP revenue in the first 6 months of the year. And in fact, the revenue in the second quarter grew up by about 100%. So we are on track to have $2 billion in DAP in the back half of the year.
We’ve got 18 key partners, 2.5 million merchants on the DAP platform and we’re taking DAP[Phonetic] outside the United States as well. But there’s more to it. It’s about creating a seamless and frictionless experience for our customers. And as you know, we have 16 customer journeys, we’ve actually identified 3 of those that really matter. And one of those is we’ve kind of thrown our wallet in the middle of the road, and we’re going after it. And that’s how to manage claims.
The claims process here is pretty clunky and it’s not a good customer experience. So we are staffing that, Brian. We’re staffing that and we’re going to fix the claims experience because we think if we eliminate that pain point, we’re going to grow even faster than the market, which we’re already doing.
Allison Poliniak-Cusic — Wells Fargo Securities — Analyst
Great. Thank you for the color.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Jeff Kauffman of Vertical Research Partners. Please go ahead.
Jeffrey Kauffman — Vertical Research Partners — Analyst
Congratulations. So the inbound questions I’m getting on this release are volumes came in a little lower than expected. Why isn’t this a negative economic signal? Now you had a couple of anomalies that Brian went through in the quarter, and you talked about second half growth improving. So how do you read the economic tea leaves?
I know you mentioned that GDP forecast had come down, but it sounds like you’re more optimistic about volume returning to the network in the second half in part because you’re deemphasizing the volumes you don’t want. But what are our takeaways here?
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Well, maybe I’ll start, Brian, and then you could add. So if you recall, at the end of the first quarter, we told you we thought our volumes would be down in the second quarter. They were. They were down a little bit more than we thought. We missed our forecast by 222,000 packages a day. And that miss was split evenly between the U.S. business and the international business.
So I would call that pretty close to being on forecast. As Brian detailed in his prepared remarks, more than half of the volume decline in the United States was based on actions that we took with a few of our customers under our better not bigger framework. One of those customers is Amazon. So I’m just going to talk about Amazon right now. We have a great relationship with Amazon. They are our largest customer. But as we’ve shared with you in the past, we have reached a contractual agreement with Amazon about the volume that we will take into our network and the volume that they will deliver.
No, by the way, they got a lot of volume to deliver. The last time I looked, they have $35 billion of inventory. So they’ve got a lot of volume to deliver. But we’ve contractually agreed on what makes sense for us versus what makes sense for them. That means that both volume and revenue for Amazon is coming down. We project by the end of this year that Amazon revenue will be less than 11% of our total revenue. That gives us room to grow in the parts of the market that we want to grow, like SMB and B2B and health care and others.
So part of this is a glide path that’s occurring. We thought we could fill up the divot with more enterprise volumes than we got. Part of that is macro, but here are a few fun facts. Of our top 20 customers in the second quarter, more than 65% of them grew volume with us. Another fun fact is that in the second quarter, we won new great revenue quality business in the enterprise part of our segment than we have in the past 5 years.
Now that volume hasn’t come into the network yet because we just won it, but it’s coming in the back half. So we are running our business the way that we want to run it in this better not bigger framework despite the macro environment.
And Brian, what else do you want to share?
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
I only had the RPP side of that equation. Carol just painted a better not bigger picture that we’re running, Jeff. But on the back of that is revenue quality, and you see that in the domestic margin of 12% in the second quarter. I think we committed to 11.6% in the first half and 11.6% in the second half. We feel good about that and running this play Carol just described.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
And we’re holding on to more of the GRI aren’t we? We’re not discounting as much. And part of that is because our customers value the service that we provide. Our end-to-end network is allowing us to deliver record high service levels, and that matters. That really matters.
Jeffrey Kauffman — Vertical Research Partners — Analyst
Thank you for that answer, That’s my one.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Ken Hoexter of Bank of America. Please go ahead, sir.
Kenneth Hoexter — BofA Securities — Analyst
Great. Good morning, Carol, Brian and Ken, maybe thoughts on — to continue that discussion a bit. Maybe thoughts on the RPP there, Brian. As fuel comes down, we’re moving under $100 per barrel. You talked about a bit about the splits. Does that start to impact? Is there a profitability built into that revenue stream from fuel? Maybe just kind of walk through that a bit. Thanks.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Ken. Thanks for the question. And I think we feel fine about the fuel. It’s obviously gone up at record levels in terms of the increase versus last year. And as we see fuel costs rise, Ken, our profit dollars actually increased. Margins contract a bit on the upside.
In the quarter, about a-third of RPP growth came from fuel, and we’re splitting that out. That’s fuel price per gallon. We’re splitting that out from the management actions we’ve taken on pricing, which would go into a different bucket. So we’ve tried to provide more transparency.
And as fuel goes down, I think the efficiency of our 1-week lag on the fuel service charge we feel like we’re protected or insulated from a margin perspective. So feel okay and the constructive Q2 RPP, a-third was fuel, a-third was what Carol talked about, the revenue quality led by service, and then the last piece of that was the combination of mix, Ken, plus the management actions on fuel. So that’s how we’re looking at it and thinking about it.
Kenneth Hoexter — BofA Securities — Analyst
Thanks, Brian.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Amit Mehrotra of Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.
Amit Mehrotra — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Hi, everybody. I guess just related to the domestic margin question, I think the algorithm when you guys provided your multiyear forecast was kind of 20-ish percent incremental margins. And you’re pretty darn close in the second quarter. I think you’re actually forecasting that or pretty close in the back half of the year. The world has changed since then from an inflation perspective. So I think it’s pretty impressive that you’re still hitting that number. But is that — Brian, as you look out in ’23, which is still within that multiyear forecast period, does that 20%-plus still hold in terms of an incremental margin target for domestic?
And then, Carol, I think one of the key questions and the overhang on the stock, at least, is this union renegotiation that’s coming up next year. I understand it’s sensitive and highly strategic, but any color? Because it is a $30 billion to $35 billion expense base for the company. And any additional color at least in terms of how you’re strategically thinking about that renegotiation that helps us form what type of inflation the company is going to have over the next several years starting next year would be helpful?
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Amit, good question. So the answer to the first part of the question is, as we think about the walk-on margins, that low 20s number that we’re delivering it’s a bit challenged in a down volume environment. And so we need to pull other levers to make sure we get there.
What we’re focused on was the guidance that I had given at the investor conference in ’21, which is 12% op margin in the U.S. We are still very much on track to do that. I think the guidance we gave for this year was to go from 11.1% to 11.6%. We’re on track to do that and then to lift the balance next year. So still tracking to the 12% and looking to expand margin on a longer-term basis.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
We have additional productivity levers today that we didn’t have in our Investor Conference 1 year ago. One of those would be the Total Service Plan. Maybe Nando was thinking about it, but we haven’t kicked it off or actually put it into any of our financial plans 1 year ago.
We’re also seeing some real opportunities with our Smart Package Smart Facility initiative, which we hadn’t thought of 1 year ago. When we get that rolled out, we’re going to eliminate all the manual scans, all those preload scans that are done manually, all that will be eliminated. All of the tens of thousands of misloads that occur every day, sorry to say, we do misload a package from time to time or lots of times.
So all of that’s got to be eliminated. So we’ve got additional productivity initiatives that we didn’t have 1 year ago, which even in an environment where, yes, costs are up more than we thought they would be, we’re able to offset those costs. I think it’s pretty impressive that we didn’t — we planned for the $1 an hour increase for our Teamsters starting in August. We didn’t plan for the COLA that we’re seeing. We knew there would be some inflation, but not the amount that we are seeing and yet we’re able to offset all of that, aren’t we Brian?
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Carol, it’s actually a big number. We’re going to see — we saw $0.33 in COLA, the cost-of-living adjustment last year. We’re going to see $0.82 this year. So you combine that to $1 in contractual wage increase. Last year, we went about $1.23. This year, it will be $1.82. The fact that we’re able to manage through that and drive the additional productivity you talked about when the environment turns around in an up volume environment, we should be cooking on all cylinders.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
And to your question on the union negotiation, first, those are incredibly important to us, and we’ve had Teamsters in our company for 100 years or thereabout. As we think about the upcoming contract negotiation, we’re going to leave the negotiations at the bargaining table.
But just a few things for you to remember. Our Teamsters are the highest paid in the industry, both wage and benefits. In fact, if you’re a 4-year driver here, you’re making $40 an hour and fully loaded with benefits close to $150,000 a year. So our workforce is very different than a lot of the workforce that you hear in the media every day that are trying to be organized. They’re not paid the way that our Teamsters are paid. These are great jobs that we value very much.
Our goal with the Teamsters is win-win-win, and that’s our goal. And again, we’ll keep the details of that win-win-win strategy at the bargaining table. The other thing I’ll leave with you, and this is, I think, an important point is we’re winning business today with customers who know we have an upcoming negotiation because we’ve told our customers, we’re going to take care of them. We are building contingency plans, and we will take care of our customers.
Amit Mehrotra — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Okay. Thank you very much.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Scott Group of Wolfe Research. Please go ahead, sir.
Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Hey, thanks. Good morning. Brian, just a couple few things I want to just follow up with you. Can you talk about the net impact of fuel in the quarter? How you’re thinking about currency in the back half for the year? And I think you gave a comment about fourth quarter margins, but I didn’t hear anything about third quarter margins. So if you could just help there. Thank you very much.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Sure, Scott. From a margin perspective, look, I guess, as a whole company, we’d expect all business segments to have higher margins in Q4 relative to Q3 based on the seasonality, Scott, we expect the back half domestic margin seasonality to be very similar to last year relative to Q2. So if you go back last year and look at Q2, the sequential Q3, Q4, the change should be comparable. As far as the currency and fuel that you laid in, look a stronger USD in Q2, it reduced our reported international revenue by, I think it was $261 million and reduced international profit by $60 million.
And I think you’re familiar, Scott, with the layered hedge we use as a percentage of our revenue to manage that. In terms of fuel, fuel prices increased. We take a layered approach and start hedging that out about a few years in advance. We try to be 100% hedged. So the revenue impact will be more than the profit impact. But net-net, I think we feel fuel prices will moderate in the back end of the year. The net impact in the quarter was 400 basis points. And as we look at dimensionalizing it further, we’re splitting out the elements of management control pricing actions versus the price per gallon, Scott, to give you more transparency.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I think, Scott, the way I think about it is the change in the price per gallon is one component of the RPP. And as Brian called it out, that was up[Phonetic] 400 basis points on the RPP in the second quarter. The costs associated that also impacted cost per piece or our overall increase in expenses, up 370 basis points related to fuel.
So as the price per gallon goes up or down, the margin is pretty protected. To the change in price per gallon, we also have a pricing algorithm, but it’s just used to fuel as a simple way to price. It’s just price. So don’t think of those pricing actions as anything different than price. And fuel margins will just hold tight if you look at change in price per gallon on the revenue line and change on pricing gallon on the expense line. That’s how I think about it.
Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Todd Fowler of KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Todd Fowler — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Okay. Great. Thanks and good morning. So I guess I wanted to ask on your peak expectations. It sounds like that there was maybe a little bit of cost here in the quarter from a hiring standpoint as you prepare for the peak. I guess I’m curious what your expectation would be. It seems like that the second half outlook is a little bit uncertain just how the peak this year would compare to last year.
And then with the $300 million of productivity improvement that you’re expecting in the back half of the year, is that something that you hold on to and carries forward into ’23? Or how do we think about the sustainability of those cost improvements? Thanks.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Certainly, the productivity piece, we would hold on to that. And to Carol’s earlier comment, we’re going to build on it. So that would carry forward.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
On peak, we’re getting forecast from all of our large customers now as we build our peak planning and we expect it to be a good peak. Inventory levels are good. Retailers are brought in to sell. Where last year, they didn’t. So that should help the peak demand.
And then the comment about expenses, and we could have done better, is we managed hours relative to the volume. I’m really proud of that. A few years ago, we wouldn’t have been able to do that. We would have delevered, but we were able to manage our hours. So Nando and his team and Kate and her team did a great job on that.
We kept the bench though. Because if we let the bench go, then we’d have to rehire them for peak, and that doesn’t seem like a good idea. Now the bench, obviously, we don’t pay an hourly wage if they’re not working, but they do get benefits. So I would say that’s the money that we left on the table, but we’ll get that back in spade by giving great service to our customers during peak.
Todd Fowler — KeyBanc Capital Markets — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Jordan Alliger of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Jordan Alliger — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
I was wondering if can you talk a little bit more about the Total Service Plan? Just trying to understand a little bit perhaps what the implementation or rollout aspect of that may be? And how quickly that starts to dig in? And is that a part of the contribution to this year’s second half cost saves, etc.? Thanks.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Jordan, it’s included in my $300 million that I talked about in terms of driving productivity. And as Carol mentioned, it just kicked off, I think, July 11. So we’re just getting going here. Net-net, it’s to run a precision on-time network. So we don’t have late deliveries or late departures. And it’s worth quite a bit to us. It will ramp up over time. Carol mentioned that Nando and the team met with over 60,000 people talking about their specific service plans. Pretty exciting when you think about what can be accomplished from a TSP perspective.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
And Brian, Ken, I’m going to call an audible here, and I’m going to throw that question over to Nando. Nando, do you want to talk a little bit more about the Total Service Plan?
Nando Cesarone — Executive Vice President & President, US
Yes, sure. So the plan is really based on, as Brian mentioned, a predictable environment where our operators can plan with a lot of confidence on start time, finish time, sorts bands, how we can better utilize our automated facilities and move volume from legacy facilities to our newer, more automated facilities.
In addition to that, we’ve catered a very unique dispatch for our full-time drivers. And so we expect that the efficiencies coming out of those customized dispatches and the service we provide are going to allow us to run a really, really great efficient network for our customers and our employees.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Nando. And the cool thing is that we’re not trying to integrate the network. We already have an integrated network. Now we’re just running it the way it was designed.
Jordan Alliger — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of David Vernon of Bernstein. Please go ahead.
David Vernon — Sanford C. Bernstein — Analyst
Hey, good morning everybody. Thanks for taking the time. I wanted to see if you could comment a little bit about sort of revenue quality and the efforts you’re making on revenue quality and how sensitive they might be to sort of a weaker economic environment. You did a great job, I guess, managing down hours to volume.
I think the market is looking at the global financial crisis past recessions to kind of get a sense for earnings cyclicality. And I’m just trying to get a sense for what’s different about the business today that might limit some of that downside to a downturn or pullback in overall shipping volume versus kind of maybe what we’ve seen in the past?
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I think in the past, as I understand it, when air volume softened up, the end was near. Prices softened up. That’s just not happening now. As Brian detailed in his prepared remarks, more than half of the volume decline in our business, including air, was because of agreements that we reached with a few of our customers on the volume that we will take and the volume that we won’t take.
The revenue quality is very good. It is sticking. As we bring in new customers, we’re bringing them in at very good revenue quality. Why? Because of what we have to offer. And services are life. So part of it is what we have to offer from a service perspective, dependability, reliability. And what else do you want to add in terms of revenue quality, perhaps talk a little bit about the technology of the future.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes. I think we’ve talked before as we think about dynamic pricing, and we’re running some pilots that we feel good about. There’s a technology component to that, but — from a lag perspective, but the tools that we’ve been running out — rolling out with our accounts, whether it’s Deal Manager or some of the others, it allows us to be more efficient, more timely.
And quite candidly, the revenue quality is showing 11.9% was the growth in revenue quality for the RPP growth in the second quarter. that’s a good number. We expect that to moderate for a few reasons in the back half of the year to high single digits. What’s critical there is managing that spread. As Carol talked about, driving the productivity will bring the CPP down and then deliver on our margin commitments.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
I love Deal Manager for so many ways. It makes it easier for our salespeople first, it makes it better and faster for our customers, which is awesome, but we’re also bringing intelligence to the decision-making. Before we did with a bit of tribal knowledge. But now we’re using AI to help inform the decisions, and we’re coming in at better pricing as a result.
David Vernon — Sanford C. Bernstein — Analyst
All right. Thanks for that. And then maybe, Brian, can you just clarify the EBIT dollar impact of fuel in the quarter? And if there’s any risk that the fuel prices moderate, there’s going to be an earnings headwind in sort of 3Q, 4Q?
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
I don’t see a headwind with the dollar, with the fuel prices moderating it’s factored into our guidance.
David Vernon — Sanford C. Bernstein — Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question will come from the line of Bruce Chan of Stifel. Please go ahead, sir.
Jizong Chan — Stifel, Nicolaus — Analyst
Hey, thanks operator and good morning everyone. Just want to get your sense of how supply chains are flowing right now. Maybe just broadly upfront, but also in the context of your capex plans for rolling stock and automated facility rollouts. And Brian, maybe if you see any risk to guidance there if we see any additional delays on the supply chain? Thank you.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes. Why don’t I pick up the first — the back half of that on capex, Carol, if you want to add any color on supply chains. But the guide we’re holding at $5.5 billion, we feel good about. We’re not immune. There are supply chain challenges around the world, and some of the parts and motors and trucks are more challenging to get.
But I think we look at capital now from a sort of a perpetual rolling cycle. It’s not episodic. And so we’re looking at opportunities to invest in different areas that may not have been in the original plan to drive automation, etc. So we’ll hold to $5.5 billion. That you can hold and we’ll continue to remain agile, keep you updated if there’s any change. I don’t expect a big change.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
Supply chains are flowing better than they were a year ago. But we’re not out of the woods. And a lot of it has to do with the rolling COVID lockdowns in China. We’re shutdown in Shenzhen again. And we thought we’d gone through the worst in the second quarter.
Kate and her team did a masterful job of managing through this. Get this, because of the rolling lockdowns in China in different cities, when you add up the number of days that we were effectively shut down cumulatively and if you look at all the cities combined, 106 days, we had people — UPSers sleeping on the floor of our hubs to try to keep commerce moving. Manufacturers couldn’t manufacture because they were shutdown. Ocean freight volume levels were down in the second quarter because of the lockdowns in China. And then we see what’s happening with the current variant of COVID and you just wonder about when will we ever get through it?
But what you have to do is get through it. You have to manage through it. And that’s what we as a team said we will do. We are going to run our business. We’re not going to let the business run us. We’re going to get through it, and that’s what we’re doing.
Jizong Chan — Stifel, Nicolaus — Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Ken Cook — Investor Relations Officer
And Steven, we have time for one more question.
Operator
Our last question will come from the line of Brian Ossenbeck of JPMorgan. Please go ahead, sir.
Brian Ossenbeck — JPMorgan Chase — Analyst
Alright. Thanks. Good morning. Appreciate taking the question. So maybe one more quick one for Brian on fuel. Can you just talk about the management actions on fuel that you’ve quantified? I think about a-third of the RPP was that and mix. I think where some of the concern is that you might not be able to hang on to that in a weaker fuel price environment? So are those getting built into these contracts and these renegotiations that you’re talking about?
And then for Carol, if you can just give us a little more update on the upstream density program. It sounds like another new initiative, but I think the company tried that a few years ago, didn’t quite pan out. So maybe what’s different this time? What sort of visibility in partnership do you think you can drive to pretty much help everybody in the supply chain, including those who sign up for these pilots? Thanks.
Brian Newman — Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Yes, Brian, thanks. On the fuel surcharge, look, as Carol mentioned, we run a pass-through on the fuel surcharge on the price per gallon piece, and we’ve isolated that for you for transparency. That’s a very efficient mechanism and we’ll move up and down.
The pricing actions, we’ve taken over the last couple of years, we’ve actually taken 4 or 5 pricing actions. And those we feel are embedded. As Carol said, it’s a different type of price. We don’t think of it as fuel. It’s an element of pricing, and we’re embedding some of that in the base rate.
Carol Tome — Chief Executive Officer
And I’m just so happy you asked about delivery density. Because we’ve tried to move the needle in this area for a long time, and we haven’t been successful, principally because we’ve been focused on downstream, improving delivery density through access points or SurePost Redirect. And we just really haven’t moved the needle.
Yes, the density was the best this quarter since 2019, fractionally. So we’re like, all right, what we’re doing isn’t working, we’ve got to go upstream. And when I mean upstream, when you think about e-commerce retailers, their upstream supply chain is from the manufacturer to their warehouse or store. Their upstream supply chain is also their order management system. So we have been in a pilot with a third-party technology company that powers order management systems for most of the retailers in the country. The pilot is a virtual halt. We’re in the order management system, the third-party technology company is holding the order until it can match another order going to the same address, and then it releases 2 orders. This pilot has been working very well.
Now you may say, well, what about service level agreement to the customer? Well, the virtual hold is only as long as the service level agreement allows. But there’s a lot of hours in that service-level agreement, 9 hours, 12 hours. So what we found through the pilot is there’s enough time to be able to match, then we release and we deliver the density.
And just to make this real for you, and this is just an estimate, but we estimate the cost of last mile for us is $5.50. That incremental package cost us $0.60. So imagine the value that can be released if we improve the density. So we’re going to give some of that value back to our customers. Why not? Their service level is not disruptive, and we are going to value share. So the pilot has been so successful. We’re going live in the third quarter with the customer. We’ve got 9 other customers lined up who are anxious to talk to us about this. So more to come, early days, but super excited because it’s different from what we’ve done in the past.
Ken Cook — Investor Relations Officer
All right. Thank you, everybody, for joining us today and look forward to talking to you all next quarter. That concludes our call.