Walmart Inc. (NYSE: WMT) Q1 2023 earnings call dated May. 17, 2022
Corporate Participants:
Dan Binder — Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
John Furner — President and Chief Executive Officer
Kathryn McLay — President and CEO, Sam’s Club
Judith McKenna — President and Chief Executive Officer, Walmart International
Analysts:
Simeon Gutman — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Karen Short — Analyst
Robert Drbul — Guggenheim Securities — Analyst
Stephanie Wissink — Jefferies — Analyst
Greg Melich — Evercore ISI — Analyst
Michael Lasser — UBS — Analyst
Peter Benedict — Baird & Co. — Analyst
Kate McShane — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Chris Horvers — JPMorgan — Analyst
Robert Ohmes — Bank of America — Analyst
Oliver Chen — Cowen — Analyst
Rupesh Parikh — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Michael Baker — D.A. Davidson — Analyst
Robert Moskow — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Chuck Grom — Gordon Haskett — Analyst
Paul Lejuez — Citi — Analyst
Ben Bienvenu — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Scott Taylor — Truist Securities — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Greetings, welcome to Walmart’s Fiscal Year 2023 First Quarter Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions]. Please note this conference is being recorded. I’ll now turn the conference over to Dan Binder, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. Dan, you may begin.
Dan Binder — Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Thank you, Rob. Good morning and welcome to Walmart’s First Quarter Fiscal 2023 Earnings Call. I’m joined by members of our executive team including Doug McMillon, Walmart’s President and CEO; Brett Biggs, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; John Furner, President and CEO of Walmart U.S.; Judith McKenna, President and CEO of Walmart International; and Kath McLay, President and CEO of Sam’s Club.
In a few moments, Doug and Brett will provide you an update on the business and discuss first quarter results. That will be followed by our question and answer session. Before I turn the call over to Doug, let me remind you that today’s call is being recorded and will include forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the factors identified in our filings with the SEC. Please review our press release and accompanying slide presentation for a cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements, as well as our entire Safe Harbor statement and non-GAAP reconciliations on our website at stock.walmart.com. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to Doug McMillon.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning. Thank you for joining us to hear about our results. We had a good quarter from a topline point of view. Sales for the period were ahead of what we expected across all segments and we’re pleased with the momentum we see so far in Q2. The bottom line was below our expectations due primarily to three areas that negatively affected operating income in our U.S. businesses, both in Walmart and Sam’s Club. Each of these items represents about a third of our overall profit miss.
The first item is wage expense. As the omicron variant case count declined rapidly in the first half of the quarter, more of our associates that were out on COVID leave came back to work faster than we expected. We hired more associates at the end of last year to cover for those on leave. So, we ended up with weeks of over staffing. That issue was resolved during the quarter primarily through attrition.
The second item relates to our general merchandise inventory level primarily in Walmart U.S. GM was a lower percentage of total sales in Q1 resulting in an unfavorable gross margin mix. We also had higher costs for containers and storage and we’ve taken and are taking steps to contain those cost pressures to the first half of this year. The third item is related to fuel costs and our supply chain.
So, those are the three items, and I now share more detail on each to help provide clarity. As for wages and staffing in the U.S., we had nearly all associates on COVID leave return in February. We expected the omicron curve to be steep on the backside, but given that we needed more associates to cover in January, it just took some time over March and April to get wage costs in line with sales. We’re now staffed in a way that supports our top line performance. As it relates to Walmart U.S. general merchandise sales, we knew that we were up against stimulus dollars from last year, but the rate of inflation in food pulled more dollars away from GM than we expected, as customers needed to pay for the inflation in food. We like the fact that our inventory is up because so much of it is needed to be in stock on our side counters, but a 32% increase is higher than we want. We’ll work through most or all of the excess inventory over the next couple of quarters.
We started being aggressive with rollbacks in apparel for example during Q1. Even with reduced prices, the apparel margin can still be helpful to our overall mix. As we managed the quarter, we generally passed on cost increases from suppliers at the category cost to goods level, but fuel costs accelerated during the quarter faster than we were able to pass them through creating a timing issue. Fuel ran over $160 million higher for the quarter in the U.S. than we forecasted. We made progress matching pricing to the increased costs as the quarter progressed. And while we expect some gross margin pressure in Q2, we expect an improvement over Q1. We are not happy with the profit performance for the quarter, and we’ve taken action especially in the latter part of the quarter on cost negotiations, staffing levels, and pricing while also managing our price gaps. While we’ve experienced high levels of inflation in our international markets over the years, U.S. inflation being this high and moving so quickly, both in food and general merchandise is unusual. We will control what we can control, reduce our inventory level, and keep prices as low as we can, especially on opening price point food items while improving our profit performance.
Inflation is playing a role in the top and bottom line and the pace of change created a timing issue for us in Q1. We’re adjusting to the mix change and operational costs. Importantly, we expect a solid top-line performance to continue and we’re taking up sales guidance for the year. Customers and members are coming to us for value. I’d like to highlight our international team and their performance. We had strong top line performance and managed the quarter very well across the markets. Our biggest international pressure point is related to the COVID lockdowns in China, which created operational and financial pressure. Our teams did a great job of pivoting to serve customers and members through delivery. They stepped up as stores and clubs closed and demand for delivery spiked. Overall, the international segment had another good quarter. We are making progress executing our strategy. The flywheel we we’re building is better for customers and members and the more diversified approach to profitability is making the company stronger.
We’re excited about our newer businesses and our plans to automate much of the supply chain. We’re committed to our 4% top line growth and greater than 4% profit growth algorithm. Our strategy and mid to long-term financial plans support that despite the turbulence we’re managing through today. Globally, we continue to build new mutually-reinforcing businesses. As we grow in areas like marketplace, that leads to growth in fulfillment services and advertising income. Our B2C relationships lead the complementary B2B relationships, which strengthen our P&L. The number of marketplace sellers we have continues to grow. And growth in Walmart Connect and Flipkart ads was strong for the quarter. Walmart GoLocal continues to add new partners for our delivery platform. And we’ve now reached more than 1,600 delivery points in the U.S.
We recently increased the Walmart Plus benefit for fuel to up to $0.10 and expanded the number of participating fuel locations to more than 14,000 including Exxon and Mobil stations. Our health and wellness work continues. In the U.S., we announced an expansion of Walmart Health into Florida with the opening of four new locations, and more and more on the way. In India, the launch of Flipkart Health Plus following our acquisition of online pharmacy platform sastasundar.com is enabling us to increase access to affordable care in that country. The team recently launched the Flipkart Health Plus app, which is available on low bandwidth so it’s usable for more people in more cities.
And in Canada, we’re growing our number of primary-care clinics to 87 and in partnership with Telus Health, we’ll launch digital pharmacy services. We’re also making progress with Financial Services. In India, PhonePe recently processed more than a 100 million transactions in a single day with annualized total payment value of about $770 billion. It’s one of the fastest growing businesses in this space.
I also like what we’re doing in Mexico with our digital wallet Cashi. In the U.S. through our JV with Ribbit Capital, we completed the acquisitions of two Fintech businesses, One Finance and Even, and combined those businesses under the one brand. Around the world, we can help our customers and members transact seamlessly, digitally and help them strengthen their lives financially.
Now, I’ll briefly comment on each segment before Brett adds additional detail. In Walmart U.S., our sales performance was ahead of plan and we continue to gain share in grocery. Inflation is lifting the average ticket and our transaction count in stores went up slightly versus last year. Overall, basket size is up as you would expect, but units per basket are down a bit. Price leadership is especially important right now and one-stop shopping becomes more than just convenience when people are paying over $4 a gallon for fuel.
Overall eCommerce growth increased about 1% for the quarter. We’re making progress on the e-commerce experience as in-stock improves, and the team continues to improve on the app and site experience and delivery accuracy and speed. Our e-commerce operations were affected early in the quarter as we lost one of our largest fulfillment centers to a fire, which created some cost inefficiencies for us. The buildings were destroyed, but thankfully and most importantly, no one was hurt. The loss did put strain on our system, however. The team quickly reacted to utilize our stores and spread volume to our other FCs to fulfill e-commerce orders. I’m proud of the team for moving so quickly to keep orders flowing to our customers.
Moving to Sam’s Club U.S., we continue to drive strong comp sales on a one and two-year basis with strength across most categories. Transactions were up in Q1. Overall membership count continued to grow. Plus member penetration reached another all-time high, and we saw good growth in eCommerce. Profitability was negatively affected by the areas I mentioned earlier. Walmart International continues to build on the momentum from last year with strong comp sales across markets and strong growth in eCommerce.
I visited our teams in stores in Mexico and Canada since the first of the year. The progress they’re making on building out our flywheel capabilities is impressive. From financial services and healthcare that I mentioned earlier to marketplace expansion and advertising, the teams are moving quickly. Also like the example from Mexico where we have a 200 pesos per month unlimited Internet option, it’s helping customers access the benefits of the digital economy that would otherwise cost them three times that price.
In summary, around the world, we’re still living in environments with COVID present and navigating the economic and other impacts to deliver for customers and members. As always, our associates are doing a great job and we’re grateful to them. We continue to change and strengthen our company and position it for a strong future. Thank you for your interest in our company. We hope to see you at our Annual Associate and Shareholder Celebration in a couple of weeks. As I turn it over to Brett, I want to pause and say a big thank you to him. Brett made significant contributions to our company in all parts of our business for many years. He has represented our associates, our investors and our company so well. His knowledge, astute judgment, and character have made him a pleasure to work with. Thank you, partner. With that, I give you Mr. Biggs.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Doug. In the first quarter, we faced some new challenges, as well as some that were more pervasive than anticipated. Off course, we’ve been in a very fluid environment for more than two years, and I’m proud of the way the company has performed during that time. Q1 sales were strong across all segments and the strength has continued in the start of Q2, reinforcing Walmart wins with customers in even the most unique environments. The first quarter was one of the most challenging period yet related to supply chain disruptions, increased cost, and persistently high inflation. There are some things that were unique to the first quarter like some labor scheduling inefficiency as U.S. associates returned more quickly than expected from COVID 19 leave and some things would likely be more persistent than anticipated when we gave guidance to start the year. As Doug mentioned, during the quarter, particularly in the middle of the quarter, we weren’t able to fully address or pass along some of the cost increases that impacted profit more than expected. We’re now managing those costs and passing them along more effectively. The costs related to inventory and fuel prices in the U.S. will strike some into Q2, but the scheduling related costs have been mitigated. Most of the increased inventory and related costs were related to buying over the past several quarters with a keen focus on in-stock, and now we’re in a short period of rightsizing it. The current sales strength and warmer weather in the U.S. gives us confidence in our ability to work through this fairly quickly and strategically.
Our market position is strong and our business model was built to weather times like this when customers are making more real-time choices. We’re there for them and we’ll continue to provide great value while managing the business in a way that’s also good for shareholders. We’ll continue to reduce costs where we can and manage pricing in a way that preserves competitive price gaps while managing the bottom line and passing on costs where they appear to be less temporary in nature. Our expectations for the top and bottom line growth algorithm remains structurally unchanged. As we navigate the current environment, we continue to make great progress building our flywheel and executing our long-term strategy. For example, the global advertising business grew over 30% in Q1. I’m excited about what is ahead, and what it means for customers as we more actively engage with them in different areas of their lives and deepen those relationships.
Now, let’s get into some additional Q1 details. As a reminder, my comments today will exclude the effect of last year’s international divestitures. We delivered strong top line results in the first quarter with total constant currency revenue of more than 6% reflecting healthy growth in each segment. Walmart U.S. gained grocery market share and had higher average ticket despite lapping last year’s significant benefits from U.S. stimulus. International was led by Mexico and Canada while Sam’s Club U.S. delivered the 9th consecutive quarter of double-digit comp growth, excluding fuel and tobacco.
First quarter gross margin rate decreased 89 basis points versus last year due in part to pressure at Sam’s Club from supply chain cost, fuel mix, inflation and markdowns caused by inventory delays. Walmart U.S. gross margin rate was down 38 basis points with more than three quarters of the decline related to higher-than-expected supply chain fuel and eCommerce fulfillment costs.
While we did see some supply chain improvement early in the quarter, the war in Ukraine and ongoing COVID impacts in various parts of the world, including China, led to increased challenges. While sales were ahead of plan in Q1, the category mix in the U.S. was heavier in food and consumables as spending shifted somewhat away from more discretionary items including categories impacted by unseasonably cool weather such as apparel, patio furniture and landscaping supplies. We remain very bullish on our food and consumables business. Consumers are feeling inflation pressures as evidenced by an increase in grocery private brand penetration. The category mix shift along with increased inventory, some of which was delayed in arriving, led to higher than normal markdowns for general merchandise. In Q1, unexpected markdowns pressured Walmart U.S. gross profit by about $100 million. We expect the inventory position to improve as we go through Q2.
SG&A expenses deleveraged 39 basis points, primarily due to increased U.S. wage costs, partially offset by lower total COVID costs versus last year. We expected higher labor cost at Walmart U.S. due to the hourly associate wage increase announced last year. As mentioned, Q1 profit declined more than expected with operating income down 20% and adjusted EPS down 20% to $1.30. Operating cash flow was also lower than expected, a negative $3.8 billion. This is due to several factors including higher inventory amounts with about half of the increase due to inflation, lower operating income, and the timing of certain payments and payables due to inventory delays. Given our confidence in selling through the inventory, I feel confident about operating cash flow getting back on track as we go through the year.
Now, let’s discuss segment results. Walmart U.S. comp sales, excluding fuel, grew 3% and we’re up 9% on a two-year stack, reflecting strong food sales, which were up low-double digits. As mentioned previously, general merchandise sales were softer, but still increased high single digits on a two-year stack. Transactions were flat versus last year, while average ticket increased 3%. eCommerce sales grew 1% against strong gains last year as customers continued returning to stores. We’re making strong progress in many of our newer higher margin initiatives. The Walmart Connect advertising business continues to scale as we expand self-serve capabilities and offerings. Our new data monetization business, Walmart Luminate, continues to accelerate with over 75% growth quarter-over-quarter as more supplier partners collaborate with merchandisers to utilize new customer insights in our platform.
We also continue to expand our Walmart GoLocal delivery as a service business, with new partnerships announced during Q1. In addition, we held grand openings of four new Walmart Health Centers in Florida, and will open another one next month as we continue to expand access to affordable quality care. One, our strategic FinTech partnership with Ribbit Capital closed on the One Finance and Even transactions, which sets the foundation for growth. Collectively, these initiatives represent large revenue and profit opportunities over the next several years. Gross margin pressure and expense deleverage led to a decline in operating income of about 18%. Inventory increased about 33% due to inflation and aggressive inventory buys over the past few quarters.
International sales were strong, up 8% in constant currency, with Mexico and Canada leading the way. eCcommerce sales in constant currency grew 22% on top of strong gains last year with growth of 86% on a two-year stack. Comp sales in Mexico increased 9% with strong growth in stores, as well as eCommerce sales, which grew nearly 20% in Q1 and 185% on a two-year stack. In Canada, Comp sales were up 7.7% while in China, growth was slower than expected, but comp still increased more than 4% led by e-commerce growth of nearly 90%. Flipkart had another good sales quarter with solid trends in monthly active customers and users. We’re also pleased with the strong growth of PhonePe with annualized TPV of over $750 billion as the team continues to launch new customer offers such as the recent expansion of insurance offerings to include health, auto, and ATV coverage. International operating income in constant currency declined nearly 13% primarily due to lower gross profit in China, reflecting increased markdowns and higher eCommerce penetration during the quarter, as well as investments in eCommerce across the portfolio.
Sam’s Club had another strong sales quarter with comp sales of 10.6% excluding fuel and tobacco, an increase of about 21% on a two-year stack. Transactions increased 10% and ticket was slightly positive. eCommerce sales grew 22%. Membership income was up 10.5% with another record in member counts. Operating income was down 20% as the gross margin pressure I mentioned previously was partially offset by higher membership income, fuel profit, and expense leverage.
Now let’s turn to guidance, which will be discussed ex-divestitures. While we don’t typically update guidance at the end of Q1, we felt it was appropriate given the current environment and the profit miss in Q1. We’re behind for the year, but we’re also just one quarter end of the year with time and options in front of us. The team’s focus is still on the original profit guidance. Based on our continuing strong topline, we feel good about our ability to deliver full-year sales growth in excess of our original guidance. We now expect consolidated net sales growth excluding divestitures to be 4.5% to 5%. We expect Walmart U.S. comp sales growth of about 3.5% for the year versus the original guidance of slightly above 3%. However, as a result of the higher-than-anticipated costs we saw in Q1 and the expectation of some of that to continue, growing operating income on our original guidance of more than sales growth is challenging. We now expect operating income and EPS to be relatively flat year-on-year. As is our usual practice, we will update you on our progress as we finish Q2.
For Q2, we expect net sales growth of over 5% including comp sales growth of 4% to 5% for Walmart U.S. As our confidence builds on our ability to manage cost increases more efficiently, operating income and EPS are expected to be flat to slightly up. In closing, I’m pleased with the top line momentum we’re seeing across the business. While Q1 profit was lower than expected during this dynamic and challenging environment, I’m proud of how our teams continue to be laser focused on serving customers and taking care of shareholders.
Now, we’d be happy to open up the call for your questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions]. Thank you, and our first question is from the line of Simeon Gutman with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.
Simeon Gutman — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Good morning, everyone. I have one question and one follow-up. My first question is on the health of the consumer. Curious what your assessment is? If the consumer is getting marginally weaker — staying about the same? You mentioned there were some mix shifts in your quarter. But you also said that you’re adjusting pricing and you raised your sales guidance so, it would seem that maybe the consumer isn’t getting weaker?
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Simeon. This is Doug and John or Brett may want to add some color to you. I think it’s important to recognize that that there is more than one consumer and we serve the whole country. I assume you’re talking about the U.S. in particular. So, we’ve got a breadth of customers and they behave differently. As we said in our pre-recorded remarks, for some customers, we are seeing some indications of change throughout the quarter, but that’s not true for all of them.
John Furner — President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Simeon, good morning, this is John. Just to reiterate what Doug said — we do serve a wide range of customers and certainly have seen strength in the consumer. We see growth in high-ticket items like game consoles recently with warmer weather, strength in patio furniture, grills, gardening and hard lines. But we do see some consumers switching. We see categories like Deli Lunch Meat, bacon, dairy, where we see customers trading from brands to private brands. So, we see both of those things happening at the same time, but as we reported, strong top line results — we see a wide range of consumer behavior.
Simeon Gutman — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
And maybe the follow-up regarding the guidance change and what happened in Q1. In Q4, the business created this perception that it was being managed pretty agile. You were able to adapt to higher costs and you raised price. Was it in the first quarter that costs were up too quick or that you are hesitant to move price to the degree that you did in the fourth quarter? It was just such a divergence from how you managed Q4 to Q1, albeit, not that you manage it that finely every quarter. So, that’s what created the surprise I think to us in the profit miss.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Simeon, it’s more about the speed than it is the other issue. Things moved quickly in the back half of the quarter and as you mentioned, it sometimes creates a timing issue. So, life doesn’t begin and end with the quarter dates beginning and end, and we’ll manage this as we go through the year. But the mindset and the ability of the management haven’t changed.
Simeon Gutman — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
[Operator Instructions]. The next question will be coming from the line of Karen Short with Barclays.
Karen Short — Analyst
Hi, thanks very much. I wanted to just ask a little bit about the inventory and I ask in the context of how much you fully factored in the risk if the consumer further weakens? And therefore in that context, how much stability going forward do you have to flex the P&L with respect to manage — I guess P&L with respect to further markdowns, gross margin risk in the U.S. given your high level of inventory, but also contemplating the risk of further SG&A deleverage if there is more weakening with the consumer? Thanks.
John Furner — President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Thank you. It is John. The first is just reiterate strong top line in the first quarter and then our guidance on top line that would reflect our confidence that there’ll be strength in the top line. As you look at what happened in Q1 specifically, we did take on more inventory, but we’ve seen strength as of recently in general merchandize given the warmer weather. We have a large number of rollbacks that are present right now and the customers responding to both very well. As I said, we have strength in high-ticket items like durables and hard lines and then we do see some switching. On inventory, in particularly, we’re up about 33% and the vast majority of that increase is a reflection of both inflation and inventory positioning that improves availability quarter to quarter which we’re happy with. And then we have some inventory, the remaining portion of the increase that we’ll have to work through and sell through over the next couple of quarters.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Karen. This is Brett, I feel good about the timeliness of how we’re handling inventory with rollbacks, the way we’re looking at pricing. As we said in our prepared remarks, I think over the next quarter or two, we’ll work our way through this. But I feel good about the way we’re going to manage through this.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Bob Drbul with Guggenheim. Please proceed with your question.
Robert Drbul — Guggenheim Securities — Analyst
Hi, good morning and Brett congratulations. Going to miss, you. Thanks for everything. My question would be, can you talk about just conversations with your vendors, given their strong results. Are you leaning in more on negotiations? Can you just sort of help us understand your mindset at this point? Thanks.
John Furner — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Bob. I’ll take it. It’s John. As we said, we definitely have seen an inventory increase. A large portion of that was planned. But certainly the way we feel about it given some of the switching and other things that I mentioned earlier. I mentioned categories like Deli Lunch Meat, dairy, bacon where we see switching. Our team and our suppliers need to do everything we can do to keep costs low so that we can have values for customers that are meaningful. That’s the purpose of the company. We’re positioned to do well in great economies and economies that aren’t as good. So, we’re going to be positioning ourselves well to take care of our customers going forward. And our teams and our suppliers, we both need to do more to help customers out.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Bob. Appreciate it.
Robert Drbul — Guggenheim Securities — Analyst
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Steph Wissink with Jefferies.
Stephanie Wissink — Jefferies — Analyst
Hi, good morning everyone. We have a follow-up question on what you’re seeing or what you have seen throughout the course of the quarter. Any material change in the consumer basket that you think is notable. I know you called out mix shift towards grocery, but any signs that the consumer as the quarter progressed reacted differently than you expected? Thank you.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
So on the basket, in the first quarter, we definitely had an impact due to the offsetting of stimulus from last year. We had a very strong quarter last year; one of the strongest quarters we’ve ever had. So, we expected an impact in general merchandize as we went into the quarter. And we did see increased strengthening in food as the quarter went along and then late in the quarter and then into the beginning of the month of May, we have seen strengthening in general merchandise. I think it’s a combination of warmer weather across the country and the response to the rollbacks that we put in place.
In terms of the consumer themselves, we’ve seen strong growth with higher income consumers, middle income and lower income, but we do see depth and strength with high-ticket items as I said with some consumers than others. We do see some switching, which would include switching specifically from brands to private brands. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Greg Melich with Evercore ISI.
Greg Melich — Evercore ISI — Analyst
Hi, thanks. My question was really about what’s driving the basket and working down the inventory? So that’s one question. But I guess if we look at this quarter, is there a way to say how much was inflation and mix? I think you mentioned units were down. Could you give us some number to that? And then really on inventory, should we expect a $100 million of markdowns in the next couple of quarters? How to think about that cadence?
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Greg on the basket. First of all, what we’re seeing right now is an increase in traffic and ticket. We did see units per basket slightly lower in the first quarter. We think that’s a combination of some of the switching that we mentioned earlier, but also the offset of stimulus from last year. We had significant strength in categories that were affected by stimulus. As far as the inventory positioning, the growth in the U.S. specifically about 33% –as I said earlier, the vast majority of that is inflation plus the improvements in availability that we have prepared for and intentionally purchased over, over the last few quarters. And then as I said, there is a portion of the inventory that will need the next quarter or two to work through. Customers are responding very well to the rollbacks. We began those late in apparel in the first quarter and then extended more rollbacks into the second. And we’re seeing a good response from both of those. So, we think that over the next quarter or two, we’ll sell through the remaining inventory –the increase that we have on the books right now. And as you heard from Brett in the prepared remarks, we did raise guidance for the rest of the year on the top line.
Greg Melich — Evercore ISI — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is coming from the line of Michael Lasser with UBS.
Michael Lasser — UBS — Analyst
Good morning, Doug McMillon, for taking my question. Brett, congratulations. My question is the cost pressures that Walmart has encountered come from cues of of Amazon facing its own margin pressures. So, to what extent are these developments reflective of increased competition between Walmart and Amazon? And does it suggest the cost of doing business is rising as the macro uncertainty increases and as part of that question, should we assume that if these are just reflective of timing differences that you get all of these costs, the margin pressures back in the first and the second quarter of next year when you lap them. Thanks a lot.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Michael, this is Doug. I think it’s more about market dynamics than it is relative to competition. And, I would expect to get these things back over time. And as we mentioned earlier, things moved quickly in the back half of the quarter and it just takes a little bit of time to adjust. And as we mentioned in the prepared remarks, we’re managing things at an item level from a pricing point of view, but below that gross margin line, there were costs related to fuel and then the staffing issue that we mentioned that just need to be resolved, but we see those as being isolated to the quarter.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Peter Benedict with Baird.
Peter Benedict — Baird & Co. — Analyst
Hi guys, good morning and congrats, Brett. So my question is just really on the profit guide for the year coming down clearly first quarter and then some in the second. Is it right to view the second half profit guide largely intact here? Just curious kind of your view on the holidays later this year have changed at all and if you adjusted any orders accordingly? Thank you.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Peter. It is Brett. Appreciate it. When you look at the full-year guidance, the way I would describe it, I mean one quarter to quarter, I probably go out being known for same quarter-to-quarter margin is tough to predict. But I feel good about the guidance for the full year. I think if you work down through the profit — the P&L statement, there’s a lot of variables. There are more variables than typical because of what we’re doing with the external environment. When you look at a range of outcomes of all those variables and when you add that up, you get to a bottom line and that’s what we felt for the full year. How that comes quarter-to-quarter is a little more challenging to see. We gave quarter guidance for the second quarter. Obviously, that’s a little closer in, but for the year, I feel good about the guidance and that kind of implies where we think we’ll be in Q3, Q4 and as we always do as we come out of Q2, we’ll update you of how we see the world at that point.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is coming from the line of Kate McShane with Goldman Sachs.
Kate McShane — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking our question. I just wanted to ask about price gaps in grocery. If you’re still happy with where you are with regards to price gaps in light of the level of inflation and you mentioned trade down to private label, but just curious in terms of maybe trade down from traditional grocery to Walmart Grocery. Are you — have you been seeing new customers come into the store?
John Furner — President and Chief Executive Officer
Okay. This is John. Let me take the first question on price gaps. This is of course something that we look at every week, every day and our role with our customers to make sure that customers can find values on every day, on everyday goods. I think for that, my team specifically and our supply base, we need to do more to control costs to ensure that we can provide great values of retail for our customers. I mentioned the group of categories and proteins and dairy where we definitely see switching as we look at what’s happening in the baskets. So, I think we have some work to do in terms of ensuring that we’re providing the right values and we’re going to do that across the second quarter going into the rest of the year.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Christopher Horvers with JP Morgan.
Chris Horvers — JPMorgan — Analyst
Thank you. I have had a follow-up to that last question. So, the price architecture across retail has been pretty rational in pretty much every category. Are you seeing any change from the traditional grocers in terms of maybe they’re becoming more high low than they had been and getting back to where they were pre-COVID? And related to your mentioned rollbacks and being an advocate for the consumer, are the rollbacks focused in seasonal category where the inventory is heavy or is there some rollbacks also occurring on the consumable side of the business?
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
We’ve really seen strengthening in grocery over the weeks in the quarter. The quarter strengthened on the top line later into the quarter and remained strong early in the month of May favored by positioning. We’re happier with our inventory levels versus where we have been in previous quarters. And then with warmer weather, we’ve seen a reaction from the consumer in the grocery categories. In terms of the rollbacks specifically, we position us over 10,000 rollbacks in seasonal and general merchandise categories. I mentioned earlier, the inventory level up 33%. About more than half of that or the majority of that is not only inflation, but it is improvement and availability across the entire network. And then there’s a portion of the inventory that the rollbacks and other things that we have in place already will help us sell through over the next couple of quarters.
Operator
Our next question is from the line of Robby Ohmes with Bank of America.
Robert Ohmes — Bank of America — Analyst
Hi, good morning. I wanted to ask just what you are seeing in the eCommerce outlook from here. Are people shifting back to stores? How should we think about that? And I think you mentioned the global advertising business was up 30%. How was that versus expectations and how should we think about that going forward as well?
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
In terms of eCommerce, we had about a 1% increase in the first quarter, which is similar to Q4 last year. We definitely had pulled forward in growth over the last year or two given all the stimulus and change in consumer behavior. Stores were strong in the first quarter, but what we’re seeing so far in the month of May is strength in both channels. So, it looks like the growth is more evenly spread, at least, up to this point. On advertising, we’re pleased with the performance in the growth in the U.S. market and the Walmart Connect team continue to make progress and grow our advertising business. And we feel like that’s an exciting part of what we’re doing. One of things that we stay focused on is the reshaping of the business and building a flywheel that will serve customers, but also help the company raise income levels and enable us to lower cost for our customers.
Kathryn McLay — President and CEO, Sam’s Club
And this is Kath from Sam’s Club. I mean we have been happy to say a comp growth by 22% which is a really nice blend of curbside which we launched 18 months ago and, as well as direct-to-home and traffic really strong into the club at 10%. So, really nice blend of members shopping us across all channels
Judith McKenna — President and Chief Executive Officer, Walmart International
This is Judith from international. Similar trends across the international business. Really encouraged looking at some of the two-year eCommerce stacks that we’re seeing around the world. So while Mexico had a 185% two-year stack, China 149% and Canada grew at 112%. Similar blend we have people coming back into our stores as well. The team is keeping momentum in eCommerce. From an ad tech perspective and advertising revenue, Flipkart in particular is doing a really nice job here in building out that platform and supporting small sellers, as well as in that business and new revenue streams. They saw some good growth year-on-year in that and we’re taking a lot of learnings from them in that space as well.
Operator
Next question comes from the line of Oliver Chen with Cowen.
Oliver Chen — Cowen — Analyst
Hi, thank you. In the prepared remarks, you called out timing strategy a few times. As we think about timing and managing the inflation relative to what you can do on the topline, I would love to hear more about that in our modeling. And second just bigger picture question on Walmart Plus and the flywheel. Would love any updates there? It looks like you’re making lots of great progress. Congrats, Brett, as well. Thank you.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Oliver. On timing, Oliver, a few things that happened in the quarter that we did mention. Of course, there was inflation that came through the quarter in terms of cost of goods. Then, there was the fuel cost charges that we mentioned that came in at very fast rate, really in late February, or early March. And then there is the pressure on wages that was really in the month of February after the omicron environment. Now, for the most part, I feel good about the way we have those cost position for now. Of course, it could change given that how dynamic the market is. And then on the entire flywheel plus as an important piece of the flywheel when you look at the flywheel and step back, we have the business that’s in stores. We have our eCommerce business including marketplace. We’re making progress in healthcare and financial services with the acquisition that we managed to complete and have under the one banner. And then plus along with Walmart Connect and data ventures are all important pieces of the flywheel. Really pleased with the progress the team has made in terms of growing the pickup business and offering more slots for customers, becoming more flexible and our NPS scores are improving those categories and it’s great to see the team make the progress they’ve made.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from the line of Rupesh Parikh with Oppenheimer.
Rupesh Parikh — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Good morning, thanks for taking my question. So I just wanted to ask on the Walmart U.S. The inflation levels you guys are seeing. Is there any way you can quantify the level of inflation you’re seeing across both grocery and GM. And at this point, any signs that maybe some of the inflationary pressures are starting to peak.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I’ll jump in. I think, John, you can add what you want. But on the food side, we’re seeing double-digit inflation and I’m concerned that that inflation may continue to increase. And then on the GM side, we may see that turn faster during the course of the year. So when you look at our inventory numbers, I know part of what’s driving the inventory up as we’ve mentioned earlier is that food is just inflated. So, we’ll manage in-stock. We will manage features in food. When you think about the general merchandise side, break that into apparel and hardlines. The apparel, we were appropriately aggressive as we started the year in terms of our inventory levels and as we mentioned before we can roll back prices in apparel as we’ve done and still be helpful from a margin mix point of view and we’ll work through that as we go through the second quarter and beyond if necessary. But the good news is we’ve got the summer in front of us. I am not sure they have [Indecipherable] these issues in March and April [Indecipherable] later in the season. And then on the hardline side, kind of the same thing. We’ve got basic side counter in-stock that needs to be strong and on the non-basic goods that we feature, we’ll manage those inventory levels, take rollbacks in some cases to manage through the total and as the customer pays more for food, their GM behavior is something that we’ll watch closely — we will not only watch the opening price point and pack size change on the food side for some customers that move to private brands, but we’ll also watch what that means for the general merchandise side of the business.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I feel as Doug said — I feel really good about the rollbacks and the rollback presentations. We’ve seen stores, I have been to stores all over the country. The stores are excited about the rollbacks and customers responding. Execution has been strong and as I mentioned with food inflation, with the growth we’ve seen in the first quarter, I’m also concerned about the rate at which prices have risen in the country. And our team, our supply base, we need to do more to keep costs low and where we see the switching from brands to private brands, we will continue to watch that for a group of customers. But, we’ve got to all work harder to keep prices low for the American consumer.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Baker with DA Davidson.
Michael Baker — D.A. Davidson — Analyst
Yeah, hi. Perfect segue way into my question. Just following up on that, I mean there’s some countervailing things that I’m hearing. And I guess that there are a lot of different product categories, but you’re talking about keeping prices low and rolling back and that’s really I think always been your mission in inflation environments is to make sure the consumer can still afford basic needs. But then you also were talking about taking — I think you were saying taking more price increases as we go ahead and catching up on some of the timing on some price increases. So, can you help square those countervailing wins, if you would? Thanks.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. I’d be happy to talk more about that. When things like cost of goods increase and we make decision with our supply base that’s appropriate and those types of increases do flow through retail pricing. But there were some things in the first quarter that happened very quickly. We mentioned the labor after the omicron variant. We had a significant number of people come back where we had been over scheduling and over staffing due to leaves. All came back at the same time. The fuel increase that happened so quickly at the end of February or early in the March. Those kinds of things along with we mentioned charges and supply chain that we had to spire, which our team did a wonderful job keeping associates safe and getting them out of the building, but we lost those centers. Those were costs that came in very quickly that we feel are more isolated in the first quarter and some of those costs did not flow-through because we believe they were short-term in nature. So, we’ll continue to flow what we need to flow at the right timing, but Brett said something earlier that’s really important. I’s very difficult in an environment that’s had so many [Indecipherable] changes to manage the margins quarter-to-quarter. Over the longer term, our team is very capable of managing these quarters and we’ve done that for a long time, but not all the costs and changes happen when the quarter begins and when the quarter ends.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
On of the more fun and interesting parts of retail is the management of margin and blending the portfolio of items. And I always remember one of my first buying responsibilities was in food and a leader in our area talked to us just quite a long time ago about profit for the month and profit for the quarter and that we needed to raise profitability. And so, he asked the buyers — I was one of them — to come back with the plan on what prices we were going to reduce by the end of the day. And I paused for a second and “ha, we’re going to raise profit by reducing prices” because I was pretty new [Indecipherable]. But, it’s really cool to go back and look at which items maybe elastic that have above average margins. Bring those prices down to mix yourself up. So part of what’s at play here is you’ve got food inflation moving up, but we’ve got general merchandise categories like apparel and some of our hard lines categories to play with. And the beauty of it is customers are even more price sensitive right now. They’re paying close attention. Fuel prices are high. Food prices are high and so when you bring something down in sporting goods or hardware or one of these other categories, they notice even more than they would notice before and that makes the elasticity impact be different than it would be otherwise which blends the mix up. So what basically end up with a bunch of buyers and portfolio managers.
Operator
Our next question is coming from the line of Robert Moskow with Credit Suisse.
Robert Moskow — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Hi, thanks. As a follow-up to that anecdote, it isn’t that also saying that really there is not much you need to do on food prices that the consumer seems to be absorbing those higher food prices very well, shifting more of their spending to food instead of gen merch. So, how aggressive do you think you really need to be on food pricing and private label in this environment? It sounds like you want to focus more on the pricing in general merch.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
We will manage both. Price gaps matter and we know where to put our price gaps to grow profitable growth. So, we’ll manage both actively and we do want customers to have lower prices on food and we want to sell more general merchandise. And so, we will partner with the suppliers on the food and consumable side to try and bring those costs down. The lead times in general merchandise categories are longer. So, Peter asked earlier about the fourth quarter. Obviously, we’re thinking about units back category right now. But, as we make those unit decisions, many of those were inflated in some way. So, you’re managing dollars at the same time you’re managing units to get an outcome and we will actively manage both sides of it.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And we want to ensure that we don’t manage the customer message as an average. We serve a lot of customers and different customers are in different places and we want to be thoughtful about customers all across the country and in different geographies ensuring that all customers can get the value that is expected from shopping with Walmart.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Not all of them can afford to absorb this. They may need our help. And so we do as we mentioned earlier stay focused on opening price point food items, a loaf of bread or a gallon of milk, Canned Tuna, mac and cheese, protein categories — are we helping a family that’s at the lower end of the income scale be able to afford to feed their families during this inflationary time and given that stimulus checks happened last year, there was some benefit to some of those folks that is eroding over time. And as we look at the rest of the year, that’s something that’s on our mind.
Operator
Our next question is from the line of Chuck Grom with Gordon Haskett.
Chuck Grom — Gordon Haskett — Analyst
Hey guys, Brett, congrats again. Just on the digital side, up 1%. You talked about some capacity issues. Can you talk about that [Indecipherable] a little bit and how we should think about the trajectory of digital sales over the next couple of quarters?
John Furner — President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Chuck, it’s John, good morning. As we said, the growth rate in Q1 was 1%, same as the fourth quarter. As far as capacity, what happened in Indianapolis was a tough event for the team to go through. Our team did a great job of keeping people safe. Everyone was out of the building in less than five minutes, but the building was a loss. It was a large fulfillment center in our network. The positive out of that is as we have a lot of stores and we have other fulfillment centers and within about 72 hours, the team was able to re-route the majority of the orders into other places in the country. There was certainly some logistics cost with doing so because it was such a big center but they moved relatively quickly. There was some top line impact as you can imagine in each of these centers, particularly with our assortment including our fulfillment services. There are unique items that are in each of those facilities. And as Doug said, just like our lead times are long in general merchandise, so are that of our suppliers and our sellers. So there is some impact there. But looking at the business, most recently, as we talked about with Walmart Connect and other parts of commerce, now that we are into the second quarter, early signs of May are given some of the increases in temperature. The seasonal categories have really taken off and that would include walmart.com and our eCommerce business.
Operator
Our next question is coming from the line of Paul Lejuez with Citi.
Paul Lejuez — Citi — Analyst
Hey, thanks guys. You mentioned less gross margin pressure in 2Q versus 1Q I believe. I’m curious if you would expect that sequential improvement to continue in each quarter for the remainder of the year. And related to that, I’m curious what sort of impact that you see from your higher margin growth businesses this quarter. And do you expect those businesses to have a more material positive impact as we move through the year. Thanks.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
I think our margins in Q2 versus Q1, we still have this issue where we’ve got to make sure we’re doing everything we can with our suppliers to manage our costs so that we can keep food pricing at a gray spot for our consumers. We think about our price gaps every day. We talk about it every day, every week and we manage those carefully and what we need to do is work together with our supply base in categories like we mentioned in proteins and dairy where we see some switching from brands to private brands and we see switching from gallons of milk to half gallons of milk, I said this morning. We’ve got to do what we can in those categories to keep costs low. I think the biggest issue as it relates to gross margin Q2 through Q4 will be mix and we didn’t have favorable weather in the first quarter and as the temperatures warmed up, we saw stronger sales in GM, apparel included. And so one of the reasons why we mentioned that Q2 looks like it will have less pressure is that we think the mix will be different in Q2 than it was in Q1.
Operator
Our next question is from the line of Ben Bienvenu with Stephens.
Ben Bienvenu — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
Hey, thanks, good morning. Brett, congratulations. Thanks for everything through the years.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Ben.
Ben Bienvenu — Stephens, Inc. — Analyst
I want to ask with the start to 2Q, where do you feel like you have the best handle on the business? What are the biggest challenges you’re still seeing? And then you noted your goal for the remainder of the year is to get back to your original guidance. Going to achieve that goal, how do you think you’re most likely to do that?
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Let’s come back to Paul for just a second and missed the second half of his question and then we’ll come back. He asked about the higher margin growth businesses like Walmart Connect and whether we expect those to continue to grow. We shared that Q1 was up about 30%. Those ancillary businesses in the U.S. and around the world are growing and we expect that to continue and we’re excited about that. And frankly when I look at the Q1 results, I understand the response to a miss. But I hope that some of the underlying improvement that’s happening and the shaping that’s taking place with the business model isn’t totally lost on people, but I think that’s going to continue and it will result in a company that’s more resilient and more diversified on the bottom line.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And on the mix, as far as where we are now, really good improvements since late inQ1. We mentioned that rollbacks in apparel. Those are high-margin businesses that are accretive to the total. So, the rollbacks there with rollbacks, they still help the business in terms of sales and margin and then really, really pleased with the results in commerce and stores regarding seasonal merchandise and what we’re seeing as we get into the second quarter now that we’ve got some warmer weather. It looks really strong, from our view. And then you asked about the comment — I made the comment about being focused still on our original guidance and I think that’s made the statement to what I see inside the company. What I’ve always known the company be high sense of urgency, really smart people able to work on in any kind of challenge. We’ve seen that over the last two-and-a-half years. I think we’ve managed incredibly well in the last two-and- a-half years. So, we’re still focused on what we said at the first of the year but felt it appropriate to reduce the guidance officially based on the first quarter, but it’s one quarter to the year. And there’s still a lot of levers to pull. So that’s why I made that comment.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Scott Taylor with Truist Securities.
Scott Taylor — Truist Securities — Analyst
Good morning, guys. So the last time we saw consumer weakness and greater private label concentration, it’s starting to become self-fulfilling, meaning consumers were focusing on private label and so you provide more shelf space to private label, which drove more private label sales so on and so forth. So when you look at today’s environment and the price increases vendors are trying to pass on, should we expect private label mix to continue to increase in the coming quarters? Thanks.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I wouldn’t want to see us adjust shelf allocation much. This is more about just saying in-stock and letting the customer side.
Brett Biggs — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
As Doug said, the same way we serve a broad range of consumers and we serve on a different places and we serve customers in the store. We serve them at the curb, at pickup. We serve them in their home, in the refrigerator, and we deliver direct. So, I think we just have such a broad range of offering that we can serve all consumers well and if customers buy one item more than the other, we will replenish it that way [Indecipherable] staying in position to be able to serve a wide range of consumers.
Operator
Thank you. At this time, we have reached the end of our question-and-answer session. And I will turn the call back to Doug McMillon for closing remarks.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
It’s Doug MacMillan. There are a lot of Dan’s around here though.
Operator
Sorry about that.
Doug McMillon — President and Chief Executive Officer
No problem. I’ll start by thanking Brett and Brett has done an outstanding job for a lot of years all over the company. He has been a great partner, not just to me, but to all of us. His judgment, his character, his knowledge of the company, just who is as person, it’s a great accomplishment to become the CFO of Walmart and you’ve done a great job and we’re going to miss you. And I wish we had gone out on a great quarter in. Celebrated you in that way. So you can chime in from the cheap seats when things get better. Speaking of things getting better, we’re motivated to have a really strong year. We are understanding the environment, trying to convey to you all what we see going forward. But we expect customers and members to come our way. We’re going to keep growing overall. We’re going to keep growing our share and we’re going to change the business model of the company to be more profitable and there were some things that happened during the quarter that were different than what we expected and we’re trying to be very transparent about those things and then with performance, earn your trust and just keep moving forward and make this as isolated of an issue as we can. There is a lot of uncertainty looking forward. Things are very fluid. I know you all are gathering information every day and so are we and as I talk to people across the country and across the world, there seems to be more uncertainty now and a very fluid environment and so we’ll just we’ll deal with that and we like the hand that we’ve got to play. We’ve got a great set of assets. We’ve got a great set of people and when things are more difficult, we should outperform and so our first quarter performance is a disappointment to us and we’re going to put it behind us and have a strong year. Looking forward to seeing you in person. Those of you who can make it to the meeting on June 3 — will be down in Fayetteville and we’re going to have a bunch of associates and kind of get back to pre-pandemic type week, which will are all excited about and hope to see you there. Thank you all.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]