Zoom Video Communications Inc (NASDAQ: ZM) Q1 2023 earnings call dated May. 23, 2022
Corporate Participants:
Tom McCallum — Head of Investor Relations
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Meta Marshall — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Matt Stotler — William Blair — Analyst
Michael Funk — Bank of America — Analyst
Kash Rangan — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Siti Panigrahi — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
Ryan MacWilliams — Barclays — Analyst
Rishi Jaluria — RBC — Analyst
Tyler Radke — Citi — Analyst
William Power — Baird — Analyst
Max Osnowitz — Stifel — Analyst
Matt VanVliet — BTIG — Analyst
Alex Zukin — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Matthew Niknam — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
James Fish — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Ittia Kidron — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Shelby Seyrafi — FBN Securities — Analyst
Unidentified Participant — — Analyst
Ryan Koontz — Needham — Analyst
Michael Turrin — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Peter Levine — Evercore — Analyst
Matthew Harrigan — Benchmark — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Hello, again everyone and welcome to Zoom’s Q1 FY ’23 Earnings Release. As a reminder today’s earnings release is being recorded.
And now I will hand things over to Tom McCallum, Head of Investor Relations. Tom, take it away.
Tom McCallum — Head of Investor Relations
Thank you, Kelsey. Hello, everyone, and welcome to Zoom’s earnings video webinar for the first quarter of fiscal — Q1 fiscal ’23. I’m joined today by Zoom’s Founder and CEO, Eric Yuan; and Zoom’s CFO, Kelly Steckelberg.
Our earnings press release was issued today after the market closed and may be downloaded from the Investor Relations page at investors.zoom.com. Also on this page, you’ll be able to find a copy of today’s prepared remarks and a slide deck with financial highlights that along with our earnings release include a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial results.
During this call, we will make forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our financial outlook for the second quarter and full year — full fiscal year 2023, our expectations regarding financial and business trends, impacts from macroeconomic developments and the Russia-Ukraine war, our market position opportunities, growth strategy and business aspirations and product initiatives and the expected benefits of such initiatives. These statements are only predictions that are based on what we believe today and actual results may differ materially. These forward-looking statements are subject to the risks and other factors that could affect our performance and financial results, which we discuss in detail in our filings with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Zoom assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement we may make upon today’s webinar.
And with that, let me turn the discussion over to Eric.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Tom. Thank you, everyone for joining us today. As we continue to execute on the strategic pillars I shared with you last quarter we are very grateful for the support and trust we have received from our customers and investors. Let me start with some recent news, then touch on our new product launches and finally, discuss some exciting customer wins before handing it over to Kelly.
Just last week, we closed our acquisition of Solvvy, which we believe will strengthen our capabilities around Conversational AI and accelerate the adoption of our Contact Center product. The nature of the customer experience is undergoing a fundamental transformation, as enterprises increasingly look to engage their customers in more exceptional, personalized and effortless ways. We recognize this shift and saw in Solvvy achieve laser-focused on providing the very best conversational technology and empowering customer support leaders to deliver better experiences.
We believe Solvvy’s technology will broaden our Contact Center offering with a scalable self-service and AI capabilities that truly enable fast and a personalized customer resolutions, improved agent productivity and valuable insights. We are very excited to join forces with Solvvy and help our growing number of Contact Center customers set new standards for customer service. A key part of our strategy is to enable more and more business workflows within our platform and I’m super excited about our recent launches of Zoom Whiteboard and is Zoom IQ for Sales.
Zoom Whiteboard is arming teams with the power of continuous collaboration in an easy-to-use solution that provides a virtual space to collaborate before, during and after a meeting. And to help sales teams reach their full potential, we have launched a Zoom IQ for Sales, a Conversational AI solution that analyzes customer interactions to surface key insights, actions and content from sales meetings. These new product launches encapsulate our strategy to move into adjacent workforce, both horizontally and vertically in order to ensure our customers are getting more and more out of our platform.
Now, moving on to customer wins. We are very happy to share that Humana, one of the nation’s leading health and well-being companies has expanded their relationship from Zoom meetings to include approximately 24,000 Zoom Phones to integrate voice and video in their communication platform. Thank you, Humana. I also want to thank Avis Budget Group, a leading global provider of mobility solutions, operating three of the most recognized brands in their industry through Avis, Budget and Zipcar, for expanding from being a Zoom Meetings and Zoom Rooms customer to being a broader UCaaS customer. They continue to stay seamlessly connected having added approximately 10,000 Zoom Phones across many of the global offices and car rental locations.
And in addition to a Zoom Meeting and a Zoom Phone, our UCaaS solution includes a very robust persistent a team Chat product that further drives collaboration in a seamless and integrated way. Our Chat product is used by a number of large enterprises, including a Fortune 10 company with over 130,000 users. I also want to thank Lumio, a preeminent leader in residential solar and home experience. Lumio is a happy Zoom Meetings customer, who recently enabled their 4,000 employees to enjoy the use of a Zoom Chat. Lumio chose Zoom Chat for its use of deployment and to enhance communication collaboration across their team.
The next two wins are very special because they demonstrated the strength of our platform offering and how the Contact Center is a critical component of the platform. I want to thank TeamHealth, the leading physician practice in the US for their trust in Zoom. Their innovation-focused team is committed to delivering the best quality experience possible for their employees, healthcare providers, and customers. A longstanding, avid Zoom Meetings, Zoom Webinar and a Zoom Rooms customer, TeamHealth recently expanded their service with thousand of Zoom Phone licenses across their organization. And their journey did not end there. Given their similar experience across our platform, they saw potential value in adding our Zoom Contact Center to modernize internal IT support services across their tens of thousands of employees and healthcare affiliates.
And the last but certainly not least, I want to thank FranklinCovey, a leading provider of leadership, individual effectiveness and a business execution training and assessment services. FranklinCovey started as Zoom Meetings and a Zoom Events customer. In Q1 recognizing, Zoom’s expansion into the Contact Center and proven UCaaS capabilities, they decided to deploy Zoom Phone together with the Zoom Contact Center. They saw them as going hand in hand to spread — to support many of their external call center needs in the US, including voice and video channels as well as skills-based routing. We look forward to continuing our journey with FranklinCovey by delivering additional capabilities as we enhance and expand our Contact Center offering. Thank you Humana, Avis, Lumio, TeamHealth and FranklinCovey. I’m so grateful to have such a great group of customers.
We hear everyday from our customers about just how much impact Zoom’s unified communications platform has had on how they communicate internally and externally. Recently, we commissioned Forrester Consulting to quantify Zoom’s business value and provide a framework for organizations looking to understand their unified communications investment. The study indicates that Zoom’s unified communication platform could provide 261% return on investment over three years for a composite organization in their model with a payback in just a, less then six months. This did not come as a surprise to us or our customers who see and feel the value of Zoom everyday, but it does set a healthy bar for what organizations can strive to accomplish with our flexible, scalable and a growing suite of communications solutions.
And as companies look to empower hybrid workforces, Zoom can drive further efficiency gains through our robust Zoom Rooms offering and there are intangible benefits as well. A new study from Gartner found that employees with more flexibility in terms of work style and location felt more connected to their organization’s culture. We have found this to be true at Zoom and are working to help our customers realize similar goals by enabling productivity and a belonging across their teams, whether they be in person, remote or hybrid. As always, let me also thank our global Zoom team, customers, partners and investors for their great trust and support.
And with that I will pass it over to Kelly. Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Eric. And hello everyone. Let me start by also extending my warm welcome to the Solvvy team. We are thrilled to have you join us the Zoom family. I’ll first discuss the results for Q1 and then provide our outlook for Q2 and FY ’23. In Q1, total revenue grew 12% year-over-year to $1.074 billion, near the high end of our guidance. The growth was primarily driven by strength in our enterprise business, which saw a steady increase as customers — as well — in customers as well as improved renewal rates year-over-year.
We also saw ongoing success in Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone, which reached 3 million seats during the quarter. Renewals in online improved sequentially. The growth was impacted mainly by international headwinds, including the strengthening of the dollar and the Russia-Ukraine war. Revenue from enterprise customers grew 31% year-over-year and represented 52% of total revenue, up from 45% in Q1 of FY ’22. The number of enterprise customers grew 24% year-over-year to approximately 198,900. We expect revenue from enterprise customers to become an increasingly higher percentage of total revenue over time.
Our trailing 12-month net dollar expansion rate for enterprise customers in Q1 came in at 123%. This was in line with expectations as existing enterprise customers continued to expand their investments in the Zoom platform with growth rates beginning to normalize following the very high rates of expansion previously. We saw 46% year-over-year growth in the upmarket as we ended the quarter with 2,916 customers contributing more than $100,000 in trailing 12 months revenue. These customers represented 24% of revenue, up from 19% in Q1 of FY ’22.
Our Americas revenue grew 15% year-over-year. Our APAC revenue grew even faster at 20% year-over-year. The performance in Americas and APAC was partially offset by the flat year-over-year growth in EMEA. This was primarily due to continued headwinds in the online business. On a quarter-over-quarter basis, we believe the Russia-Ukraine war has broadly impacted our online business in Europe and is expected to weigh on the balance of FY ’23 as well.
Now turning to profitability, which was strong from both GAAP and non-GAAP perspectives. I will focus on our non-GAAP results, which exclude stock-based compensation expense and associated payroll taxes, acquisition-related expenses, net litigation settlements, net gains or losses on strategic investments, income tax benefits from discrete activities and undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities.
Non-GAAP gross margin in Q1 was 78.6%, an improvement from 73.9% in Q1 of last year and 78.3% last quarter. The sequential improvement was mainly due to optimizing usage across the public cloud and our increasing number of co-located data centers. Given the improvements we are seeing so far this year, we expect gross margins to be in the range of 76% to to 78%, with the remainder of the year, which is higher than our previous view of the mid-70s.
Research and development expense grew by 105% year-over-year to approximately $85 million, driven by our focus on innovation. As a percentage of total revenue, R&D expense increased to 7.9% from 4.3% in Q1 of last year. Our new product launches reflect our ongoing investments in expanding Zoom’s platform and our commitment to delivering on our customers’ evolving needs. We plan to further invest in R&D to reach our long-term target of 10% to 12%. Sales and marketing expense grew by 40% year-over-year to $267 million. This represented approximately 24.9% of total revenue, up from 20% in Q1 of last year. We remain committed to investing in worldwide sales capacity, channel partners and product marketing across the Zoom platform. G&A expense grew by 26% to $93 million or approximately 8.6% of total revenue.
Non-GAAP operating income expanded to $400 million, exceeding the high end of our guidance of $350 million as we are seeing the benefit of efficiencies in our cloud operations. This translates to a 37.2% non-GAAP operating margin for Q1 compared with 41.9% a year ago and 39.2% last quarter. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in Q1 was $1.03 on approximately 307 million non-GAAP diluted weighted average shares outstanding. This result is $0.15 above the high end of our guidance and $0.29 lower than Q1 of last year.
Now turning to the balance sheet. Deferred revenue at the end of the period was $1.3 billion, up 22% year-over-year from $1.1 billion. Looking at both our billed and unbilled contracts, our RPO totaled approximately $3 billion, up 44% year-over-year from $2.1 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 63% of the total RPO as revenue over the next 12 months as compared to 72% in Q1 of last year, reflecting a shift towards longer-term plans.
As a reminder, our seasonality of renewals is front-end loaded and tapers through the year and therefore our collections follow the same trends. This leads deferred revenue to peak in Q1 and moderate over the rest of the year, reflecting the small renewal base. As such, we expect Q2 deferred revenue to grow at approximately 9% to 10% year-over-year. We ended the quarter with approximately $5.7 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, excluding restricted cash. We had operating cash flow in the quarter of $526 million as compared to $533 million in Q1 of last year. Free cash flow was $501 million, up from $454 million in Q1 of last year.
Our margins for operating cash flow and free cash flow remains strong at 49% and 46.7%, respectively. For the fiscal year, we would expect free cash flow margins to be roughly 3 points to 5 points lower than our non-GAAP operating margins, taking into account the lower deductions for stock-based compensation caused by the recent stock volatility. The Section 174 requirement to capitalize and amortize R&D expenses could further impact our free cash flow if Congress does not defer, repeal or otherwise modify the existing legislation. Over time, assuming a more normalized SPC environment, we would expect our free cash flow margin on an annual basis to track approximately at or above our non-GAAP operating margin. Last earnings, we announced our $1 billion share buyback plan. As of the end of Q1, we had purchased $132 million of stock, representing 1.2 million shares.
Now turning to our FY ’23 guidance. This outlook is consistent with what we are observing in the market today. Specifically, it assumes that our enterprise business will grow substantially faster than our online business. It also assumes that our year-over-year total revenue growth rate will modestly accelerate in the fourth quarter of FY ’23. For the second quarter of FY ’23, we expect revenue to be in the range of $1.115 billion $1.12 billion. We expect non-GAAP operating income to be in the range of $360 million to $365 million. Our outlook for non-GAAP earnings per share is $0.90 to $0.92 based on approximately 308 million shares outstanding.
As mentioned last quarter, due to our multiyear history of profitability, we have fully utilized our NOLs. We continue to expect our tax rate to approximate the blended US federal and state tax rate in FY ’23. The full year of FY ’23, we expect revenue to be in the range of $4.53 billion to $4.55 billion, which would represent approximately 11% year-over-year growth. We are raising our non-GAAP operating income to be in the range of approximately $1.48 to $1.5 billion, representing a non-GAAP operating margin of approximately 33%. Our outlook for non-GAAP earnings per share is $3.70 to $3.77 based on approximately 309 million shares outstanding.
Before we conclude, I’d like to update you on our recently issued inaugural ESG report. The report includes information regarding our ESG initiatives and policies, environmental performance and targets, details of Zoom’s and our employees’ charitable contributions, diversity metrics and an index providing standardized reporting according to the SASB framework. As always, Zoom is grateful to be a driving force enabling connection and collaboration worldwide with our high quality frictionless and secured communications platform. Thank you to the entire Zoom team, our customers, our community and our investors.
Kelsey, please queue up our first question.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you, Kelly. And again everyone, we are moving into our Q&A session. [Operator Instructions] And our first question will come from Meta. Pardon me, Meta Marshall with Morgan Stanley.
Meta Marshall — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Perfect. Thanks so much guys and congratulations on the quarter. Clearly, you guys are seeing a lot of traction on the phone front. I just wanted to get a sense of, as you look into fiscal ’23, just what you think could be other categories of kind of ancillary products that could contribute to growth? And just when you would expect kind of those categories outside of core video to be more than 10% of revenue? Thanks.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
So, we are super excited of course about recently launched products, including Whiteboard and Contact Center. We saw some Contact Center deals, you heard some of those names that Eric talked about at the beginning of the call. And then of course Zoom Rooms continues to be a really important part of our strategy going forward, especially with I think the ever evolving status of what flexible and hybrid work is going to look like in the future.
In terms of when I expect any of those products, I think on a combined basis, we do see the combination of those products, it’s 10% of revenue today. We’ve always committed that as soon as each — any individual product gets to 10%, of course we’ll start disclosing that. I think that’s likely — not likely to happen in FY ’23, but probably, in FY ’24, FY ’25, you’ll start to see some of those product lines coming into their own and producing at least 10% of revenue.
Meta Marshall — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Great, thanks. Congratulations.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Meta.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question will come from Matt Stotler with William Blair.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Matt.
Matt Stotler — William Blair — Analyst
Hey, guys. Hey, thank you for taking the question. Maybe just one on Contact Center from me. Obviously, good to hear some early wins there. I would love to get an update, I guess more broadly on kind of the adoption overall demand that you’re seeing for that product, specific use cases that you’re seeing customers kind of roll it out for. And then, as you think about the functionality roadmap from here, what are the most critical pieces? Obviously, nice to see Solvvy coming in, but on that side would love to get your thoughts on that going forward as well.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Matt and that’s good questions. First of all very, very excited to already have several Contact Center paid customers, right because of the trust in the proven UCaaS capabilities. And for those customers, they already deployed Zoom Meetings and also either already deployed Zoom Phone or they again will deploy Zoom Phone. They prefer deploying Zoom Contact Center as well because we already built a very scalable call routing engine, right and a lot of features, core Contact Center features already built in. And also, we try not only just focus on one use case like a enterprise IT services.
Broadly speaking, this is a much big opportunity for us. We keep adding more and more features like recently we acquired Solvvy, Conversational AI capabilities and even some not core features like a workforce management, Q&A module, like CSAT, all those features, we’re going to add to Zoom Contact Center. We are going to become a very, very I would say very meaningful large invoice [Phonetic] Contact Center service provider. We’re very excited. The team working extremely hard and very excited.
Matt Stotler — William Blair — Analyst
Very helpful, thank you.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question will come from Michael Funk with Bank of America.
Michael Funk — Bank of America — Analyst
Yeah, hi. Thank you all for taking the question. So, a lot of similar line of thinking, thinking about the added capabilities, whether it’s Zoom Phone or Contact Center, how is that changing your sales strategy in the way that when you interact with customers and then how should we think about that also affecting the sales cycle, potentially lengthening that as you add a more complex solution? Thank you.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Kelly, feel free to tell me. I think first of all, I do not think that complex, because of the trust are established. Customer always about, about our product roadmap. They want us offer more value to some, right, based on the very consistent front-end experience and a seamless back-end architecture and the cost to deploy Zoom Meetings, Zoom Chat and also deploy Zoom Phone, Zoom Rooms. Now given the Contact Center, is a no-brainer customers. Yes, I trust your brand, I trust your capabilities and we’d like to test your Contact Center as well. That’s the reason when we announced Zoom Whiteboard, right, also see the early adoption, it is pretty good in order to mention the Zoom IQ for Sales because we received a lot of feedback from customers. They trust Zoom. They want to us offer more value.
Look at all those use cases starting from sales department, support department, Contact Center, maybe other department, we are going to add more and more value in the new services, new product innovations and features because I do not think that will introduce any complex sales process because the trust already established, right. It’s it more like upsell. Even for new customers, when they do a reference check with other very happy customers I think it is again this is a pretty straightforward sales process.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
I would just add that, land and expand is a very tried and true sales strategy for Zoom from the very beginning and working with our account teams, we have these experts in the overlay team that come in and continue to do land and expand and it’s working very, very well. So, I completely agree with Erika. It isn’t adding complexity, it’s just continuing to build our relationship with our customers, which is what we’ve been doing since day one.
Michael Funk — Bank of America — Analyst
Well, thank you both so much.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Michael.
Operator
Kash Rangan with Goldman Sachs has the next question.
Kash Rangan — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Hello, Eric and Kelly.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Kash.
Kash Rangan — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
How are you. Good to see you, guys. Eric, I was deeply intrigued by your launch of the Conversational AI product through the acquisition, albeit can you just give us a sense as to the product roadmap? How does it integrate with the Zoom platform and relative to embedded competitors in the conversation intelligence space, what would it be Zoom’s competitive differentiation in the industry? I mean, it feels like at one level, you’re entering the CRM market, not in the way Salesforce.com and so on and so forth. But you are getting into a level of customer engagement, which is very different than Video Meeting platform. Can you tell us a bit more about that? Thank you so much.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Good question. So first of all, you look at the Contact Center, that’s a huge market, right. A lot of use case, right. Also, by the way a lot of enterprise customers today, they’re still deployed on-prem Contact Center solutions. In the next several years, they are going to migrate to the cloud. And aside of that, I think to have a customer seamlessly migrate to the cloud offering, we need to make sure there are no any feature regressions, similar to what we did before to have a customer migrate from, right, from on-prem phone to cloud phone. With that aside, a lot of features, right, it’s just corner cases. So, we have to add, right, this is one. This is more like a no-brainer, I don’t think that’s key differentiation. But we have to add that, that’s one.
Two is, if you look at AI, AI is something new. You look at a lot of other Contact Center solution providers, they do not have AI capabilities before, right. Now, this is something new and we are doubling down on that. That is a one I would say the key differentiation how to move faster at a much better AI capabilities. And in terms of overall key differentiation, I would say in the video is a key use case, right. How to further improve the interaction between customers or IT, the support of employees and how to play on the video, how to analyze the video conversation like a speech to text transcription, right and recently like Zoom IQ for Sales. That is very important for us.
In terms of integration with ServiceNow, with Zendesk or Salesforce or others, I think this is a feature we have, we have, as I do not think that’s the key differentiation because every Contact Center solutions, they all have that, right. So again, we are seeing that’s a huge opportunity ahead of us, because the customer also like the new solution, the modern solution, not like the old architecture, very hard to innovate, right, given the progress we made over the past several years for Zoom Phone, we are going to do, going to do something similar. That’s why I’m very excited.
Kash Rangan — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
Thank you, Eric and Kelly.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Kash.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Kash.
Operator
And moving on to Siti Panigrahi with Mizuho.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Siti.
Siti Panigrahi — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
Hey. Thanks for taking my question. Wanted to ask you about your fiscal ’23 guidance. You talked about FX headwinds, maybe could you give us a little more color on the FX headwinds and also the impact from Ukraine war on the EMEA side, which mostly going to impact online segment? So, what should we expect in terms of growth rate or churn on the online segment versus enterprise?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, so in terms of FX, where we’re seeing the impact of course is in the euro, the pound and the yen. And if we look at the trends that we’ve seen in Q1 for the combination of both, the strengthening of the dollar as well as the impact for the war, we — it built into our guidance is an expectation that the combination of those two factors is having about a 1% impact on revenue and that’s largely — the war is largely — the impact of the war is largely on the online segment. We haven’t really seen the impact from the enterprise, the FX, of course, is extending across both of the segments.
Siti Panigrahi — Mizuho Securities — Analyst
Thank you. Thanks, Kelly.
Operator
And our next question will come from Ryan MacWilliams with Barclays.
Ryan MacWilliams — Barclays — Analyst
Hi, guys, good to see you again. Another one on guidance. Kelly, just, how should we think about Zoom reaching your second quarter revenue guide from a segment standpoint. Just wondering here given some fluctuations in your online business. Maybe what we could see some strength next quarter? Thanks.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So, if you remember last quarter we talked about that enterprise would be growing in 20% plus for the year and that online would be flattish. We said that flattish meant that it could be a little bit above zero, it could be a little bit below zero depending on the quarter and then the other thing we’ve talked about is that inflection point coming in Q4. So, you should expect that Q2 is also going to be another volatile quarter for the online segment given all the factors we just talked about, but that we really continue to see strength in the enterprise and that’s where the growth for Q2 will be driven from. And then by the time we get to the back half of the year, that’s what we’re really going to start to see that stabilization of the online business.
Ryan MacWilliams — Barclays — Analyst
Thanks for the color. Thank you, guys.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Thanks, Ryan.
Operator
Moving on to Rishi Jaluria with RBC.
Rishi Jaluria — RBC — Analyst
Wonderful. Hi, Eric, Kelly, Tom, thanks for taking my question. I wanted to drill into the NRR that we’re seeing across the board. I appreciate all the color. But maybe can you give us a sense for how you’re seeing the NRR for 100,000 customers generally trending? Have you seen that hold up? Has it gone down? And maybe just help us understand usage pattern for your largest customers? Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
So, thank you, Rishi. As a reminder, last quarter, we shifted to the new metric of net dollar expansion for our enterprise customers. This is as we’re starting to split out, sorry, enterprise segment I should say. So, as we’re starting to split out the business between enterprise and online, as we think that’s really the most appropriate way to look at the business going forward and how we’re managing it internally, so that metric did — historically, we had disclosed a 130% or above, it came down to 123%, which is really right in line with what we were expecting. As you think about the overall growth rate of the company and as we’ve indicated, we expect the enterprise segment to be growing 20% plus the net dollar expansion should be tracking, the deceleration, if you will, should be tracking to that as well. And that’s why it’s coming in right at 123%, which is just what we would expect.
Rishi Jaluria — RBC — Analyst
Yeah, but sorry, just to quickly follow up. If we were to think specifically at the 100,000 level, right, because I’m sure there is more churn going on in kind of the medium level versus your six figure customers. Without putting a number on it, how would you say that NRR for that cohort of your largest customers has trended over time and how is it trending now?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, it’s higher than the 123%. So that’s, that’s what I would say, as we really continue to see strength in both the new bookings, as well as renewals in that segment of our customer base.
Rishi Jaluria — RBC — Analyst
Okay. Wonderful. Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Operator
Citi’s Tyler Radke has the next question.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Tyler.
Tyler Radke — Citi — Analyst
Hey, Eric, hey, Kelly. Thanks for taking the question. A question on the cost side of the equation here. So, you outperformed I think by 400 basis points or 500 basis points this quarter on operating margin. Yet, it seemed like a still a decently strong hiring quarter. Can you just talk about if you’re finding more efficiencies in the business or if there is something specific this quarter? And then as I look at your gross margins, again, it sounds like you’re expecting them to come down between 76% and 78%, you were above that this quarter. So, just anything in terms of new capacity, call center stuff being deployed that, that would impact kind of that trajectory? Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So actually, gross margins were stronger than we expected in the quarter and if you remember and Q4, the way that we talked about the outlook for gross margins, even though we don’t explicitly guide to them was we talked about expecting them to be in the mid-70s for the balance of the year. So actually, 76% to 78% for the rest of the year is higher than we were anticipating coming into the quarter. And that improvement as we really have made a lot of strides in terms of optimizing our cloud usage and getting that into the colos, thanks to our DevOps team and that is really helping drive the improvement in the operating margins going forward. And as you said, we do continue to see strength in hiring, continuing to attract great talent, which we’re really excited about, continuing to invest in R&D, which is really important for the long-term innovation and commitment to our platform.
Tyler Radke — Citi — Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
And our next question will come from William Power with Baird.
William Power — Baird — Analyst
Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the question. So, I guess Kelly, for you as you look at the fiscal Q2 revenue guidance it came in a bit stronger than I think we and the Street might have been, yet the full year is still pretty consistent. Any other color just as to the puts and takes in the second half of the year? I guess just as part of that, just trying to understand the key drivers around your confidence of reaccelerating revenue growth in fiscal Q4? What are the key drivers of that?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
So, when we gave Q4 guidance and it continues to be the case today, we continue to see strength in our enterprise business and that’s both on new bookings as well as renewals. And then when you think about the opportunity coming with all of these new product introductions, super excited about Zoom events, which came last year, of course Zoom Rooms and their strength, the new contributions that are possible from Whiteboard as well as Contact Center, and that’s what we think is going to drive the growth continue through the rest of this year.
And then online, we, while we saw some volatility in Q1 as we talked about at length already, and we expect to see some of that continue into Q2, by the time we get into Q3 and Q4, there’s a couple of things that are happening. First of all, the team has done an amazing job with new initiatives around pricing and packaging and localized payment types, which is really driving strength across the board especially internationally as well as the fact that we see stabilization occurring just because of the aging of our cohorts.
So, if you go all the way back to last year’s Analyst Day, we showed you that chart, right, which shows how once cohorts get to that 16 months of tenure, they really start to stabilize in terms of retention rates, that has continued to hold cohort after cohort even after — even when there’s volatility earlier on. And so by the time we get to Q3 and Q4, you start to see you know 75%-ish plus of our cohorts in that tenure, which in and of itself drives a lot of stability in the online business, which leads to not only stabilization, but potentially growth in the back half, which is what we’re modeling today.
William Power — Baird — Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Operator
We’ll move on to Parker Lane with Stifel, who I think might be having some difficulties with his video. So, he may not appear on video today.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hi, Parker.
Operator
Parker, if you’ll go ahead and come off mute that would be great.
Max Osnowitz — Stifel — Analyst
Hey, sorry about that. It’s Max Osnowitz on for Parker Lane. Yeah, we’re in transit today, both of us. So, sorry for the no-video. But just thinking about the customer announcements that you made, it feels like there’s a good variety of industries. Is there any industry that you’re noticing that you’re seeing a lot of demand from that maybe kind of lagged behind everybody else during COVID and is still going through the transition or has started to transition that others haven’t?
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I would say it’s pretty consistent. Look at our installed base from education, healthcare, financial services and it’s pretty consistent, right. Customer would like to consolidate not only meetings and also the Zoom Phone, not only the Zoom — the Contact Center, but also more and more customers are deploying Zoom Chat solution as well, data processing team chat works extremely well. They like that solution, that’s also free. And having said that I think — I did not see like any specific — specific, vertical industry, right, kind of make a bigger difference like compared to other industries. And overall, it’s very consistent, look at our installed base and winning them all and they need us to deliver more value, more service to them. Take Whiteboard for example, right. Look at the early adopters across industries, right, that’s pretty promising.
Operator
All right. We will go ahead and…
Max Osnowitz — Stifel — Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. We’ll move on to Matt VanVliet with BTIG.
Matt VanVliet — BTIG — Analyst
Hi, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. So I guess, thinking about overall direct sales, headcount, investments that you look to be making over the next year plus, any specific skew across various regions that you’re finding you want to invest more heavily in? And then sort of alongside of that on the channel side, how much of that is driving this pretty significant increase in Zoom Phone versus direct sales and kind of where investments are going to grow around channel enablement as well?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So, we are continuing to invest in our sales organization globally, but you’ll see it as a percentage of over year-over-year basis greater investment happening internationally, including channel. So, we’ve made huge progress in our channel investments and contribution in the US, but that’s largely nascent still internationally and the team is doing a really great job of looking for not only master agents for carriers and it depends on which works best depending on each of the regions. But that is a significant area of focus for us this year.
Matt VanVliet — BTIG — Analyst
All right. Great, thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Operator
And moving on to Alex Zukin with Wolfe Research.
Alex Zukin — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Hey guys, can you hear me okay?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Alex.
Alex Zukin — Wolfe Research — Analyst
So, Kelly, maybe just for you, can you remind us what the difference is in either the operating margin of free cash flow margin profile between the online and enterprise business, because it looks like you massively outperformed on cash flow? At the same time as the online business actually declined 2%. And so I want to understand, just how much reliance is there? You gave a free cash flow margin target for the full year at least a range. How much of that is based on the performance of the online business versus the enterprise business?
And then Eric, if I think about the stock-based comp, what’s the plan for the company? How should we think about that on a go-forward basis in terms of either repricing people’s RSUs, giving more shares, just curious how you’re thinking about that?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Eric, do you want to go first?
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, you can, you can address the first one.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Okay. So, Alex the impact that you’ve seen and the outlook we’re giving from free cash flow is much greater impact from stock-based comp than from sort of, any — or any change in the balance of online versus enterprise. So, what’s happening because of the stock volatility, we’ve seen much fewer stock-based comp deductions as employees are choosing to hold on to their options or their RSUs at this point and not either not exercising or the deduction itself just isn’t as great. So, that’s really the significant contributor to why there is a difference that we’ve given from the Q1 performance to the outlook for the rest of the year.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. So yeah, Alex, back to your second question. I think you know, our company culture is deliver happiness, right. My number one priority is to make sure all Zoomies feel happy, right. Together, we make our customer happy. And prior to COVID, we had a little bit over 2,000 employees, look at it today, almost 7,000 employees, and we hired so many employees over the past two years, guess what, when they joined Zoom, the stock price was too high, we cannot control the price, but we can control the delivering happiness for our employees and certainly for all those employees who joined over past two years and the stock price probably much higher than the stock price today. We did issue the new stocks for them, right. Ultimately, how to make sure those employees happy every time, every quarter, every week, we look at are there any things we can do differently to make sure our employee happy. This is always ongoing effort as our number one priority, as always.
Alex Zukin — Wolfe Research — Analyst
And Kelly, just maybe just ask the question. I meant in terms of the differential in terms of the margin profile of the two businesses, is there — is one of them inherently more profitable than the other?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yes, the online business as we’ve said before contributes more substantially from an operating margin as well as cash flow perspective because they largely are untouched by our sales organization, so they don’t, they don’t have the associated expense from a commissions perspective. They may have credit card fees associated with it, but that’s a few points versus the commissions. That’s the biggest difference you’re going to see between those two.
Alex Zukin — Wolfe Research — Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Operator
Moving on to Matthew Niknam with Deutsche Bank.
Matthew Niknam — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Hey, guys. Thank you for taking my question. I’m wondering have you seen any pairing back or moderation of investments from some customers in light of growing macro concerns? And if so, is it varied by either geography or customer size? Thanks.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
I think we really have it especially in enterprise, we have continued to see strength in renewals as well as addition new customers and expansion into additional products. So, we really haven’t seen that in terms of concern. I think we’ve heard from other people that what they’re really focused on might be, if they’re limiting spending it’s focused more around potentially hiring or travel and of course, Zoom is a great alternative, if they’re focusing on limiting internal travel and so we really haven’t seen that impact today.
Matthew Niknam — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Got it. Thank you.
Operator
James Fish with Piper Sandler has the next question.
James Fish — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Thanks for the question.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Jay.
Matthew Niknam — Deutsche Bank — Analyst
Hey. Thanks for the question. Deferred revenue grew about 8 points, 9 points faster than you anticipated this quarter, but it did seem like the durations extended a little bit. Are you guys incentivizing customers or the sales team to extend those durations or is it more a factor of the product mix like Phone and Contact Center picking up, which if it’s the latter and we’re seeing kind of long-term RPO grow faster than current RPO, I guess why wouldn’t we see deferred revenue grow as you get more multi-year deferred revenue upfront and that helped the free cash flow margins versus the operating margins?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
So, our compensation structure around this or incentives for either reps or customers has not changed, James. We do have discounts in place for customers in terms of multi-year agreements, but that has been consistent over time and we — as we’re seeing more and more of the revenue contribution coming from enterprise, we are and I think as we move sort of past the COVID buying cycles, we’ve seen people go back to buying more and more longer-term agreements.
We also have seen a lot of initiatives even online in terms of opportunities for customers to buy annual rather than monthly and the team has done a really great job of incenting that as well. So, we are seeing kind of an overall shift across both segments of business to longer-term. The reason you could see an increase in non-current RPO but not necessarily deferred is because they don’t always pay all of those multi-year terms upfront, they can have a three-year deal, but only pay a year less often, they’ll have a three-year deal, but pay monthly. But it’s not uncommon to have like a three-year deal, but only pay one year in advance.
James Fish — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Got it. So, booking — booking three years, billing annually, makes sense.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
James Fish — Piper Sandler — Analyst
Thanks guys.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Happy birthday next week.
James Fish — Piper Sandler — Analyst
You too.
Operator
Ittia Kidron with Oppenheimer has the next question.
Ittia Kidron — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Hey guys, nice quarter. Kelly, couple of quick ones for you. On the Phone subscriber additions, great to see the 3 million milestone but if my math is right it took you kind of nine months to get from 2 million to 3 million, it took you seven to get from 1 million to 2 million. So, are we seeing a deceleration in the pace of Phone additions or maybe my math is wrong here? And then on the duration of the enterprise contracts, is great to see that customers are signing longer-term contracts. Could you talk about duration, how that has changed quarter-over-quarter? And how do I think about the discounting that comes along with the longer duration contracts in market?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
So first of all, around Zoom Phone, we actually said, we achieved 3 million during the quarter, not at the end of the quarter. So, we are sitting above 3 million and we’re at the end of the quarter. So, I don’t think — you actually can do the exact count based on the information we’ve given and so I wouldn’t assume there’s a deceleration in that rate.
Ittia Kidron — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Okay.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
And then in terms of the longer-term contracts, it’s a little bit of what I was just discussing with James, is that I think people customers as they moved past the pandemic and really thinking about how they’re going to support their employees in this host pandemic, flexible hybrid work, they’re committing to our platform and they’re committing to it in a longer term, especially as they’re bringing on multi-products and seeing the efficiencies that they can get, it makes sense for them. Our structure around that has not changed. So, we do as we always have offer discounts for size of deal, multi-products, multi-year, willingness to pay upfront, but that hasn’t changed. It’s just because customers continue to see the value of Zoom and committing to that for a longer-term.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Ittai, just quickly on the main hand we’ve got to look at a number of the seats that previously sold. On the other hand also do not forget the quality of service, right. We kind of a deliver a platform to make the workforce happy. Let’s say, you talk with some other in the cloud-based platform service providers, you talk with their customers and talk with our customers, and as you know, we make a customer happy. Enterprise not only for all those on-prem, the Phone service customers, right, while migrating from on-prem to cloud, but also some other cloud-based. The customer also migrate to some other cloud-based Phone services to Zoom platform as well. It further improves we deliver a better experience, make a customer feel happy. That’s our mindset, so.
Ittia Kidron — Oppenheimer — Analyst
Very good. Thank you.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you for your time.
Operator
Shelby Seyrafi with FBN Securities, we’ll move on to the next question.
Shelby Seyrafi — FBN Securities — Analyst
Yes, thank you very much. So, with your guidance for deferred revenue growth, like 9% to 10% in Q2, it looks like your — with your revenue guidance, you’re getting to be slightly negative on a billings basis in Q2. My first question is, do you think that’s the low watermark in terms of billings growth this year? And then secondly, related to that, do you think that the deferred revenue growth can accelerate meaningfully in the back half, especially with the easy compares in the back half for differed?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So, remember that our renewals are front-end loaded. This goes all the way back to early in the pandemic when we had that large inflow of bookings in Q1 and that it’s Q1 is still behind point for renewals and that declines in the year. And so based on that, our collection and our deferred, it’s not 1 to 1, but they largely follow that similar trend because you have this large inflow of deferred revenue in Q1, but that is getting amortized throughout the year and then the renewals as they are lesser each period are not at the same rate necessarily we feel what’s being amortized over the year.
So, that’s why we have that trend and you won’t necessarily, I mean it’s going to change over time as we start moving to more and more of our new bookings to a normalized seasonality of back half of the year, but that is going to take some time given just the large amount of bookings we saw a few years ago in Q1. And then in terms of Q2 being a low watermark, that it’s not, it could — it could be even lower in Q3 as we’re still continuing through that renewal cycle that I just described.
Shelby Seyrafi — FBN Securities — Analyst
And that’s a billing statement or revenue?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Billings. I’m sorry, yes, billings.
Shelby Seyrafi — FBN Securities — Analyst
In Q3, thanks.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Operator
Patrick Walravens with JMP Securities. Please go ahead with your question.
Unidentified Participant — — Analyst
Hi, [Indecipherable] on for Pat.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
I’d say remind Patrick, how you’ve changed.
Unidentified Participant — — Analyst
Given the layoffs, hiring freezes and hiring slowdowns we’re seeing throughout the tech sector, can you give an update about what you’re seeing on the hiring front and your hiring approach, any changes you’ve had?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, we are, we had a very strong hiring quarter in Q1, we continue to attract great talent and as we mentioned in our prepared remarks, we are still continuing to invest in innovation. So, very focused on hiring in R&D, as we continue to build out our platform and produce new products. And then also very committed to continuing to hire in sales and marketing as we continue to expand our sales capacity on a global basis and focus on product market also on a global basis. So, while we are always focused on being as efficient as we can around G&A and COGS, we are continuing to invest there as well at the levels that we need to continue to support the expansion of the business.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Just quickly, Patrick, you look at our in other revenue in the base plus extremely a positive in terms of cash flow, right. So, why not a double down on R&D, new product and AEs, account executives, right. No, I think, we’re well, more flexible, much better positioned, right, given this sort of greater resignation, economic downturn. And yeah, that’s why we’re very excited about our future, more innovative services and more efficient.
Unidentified Participant — — Analyst
Thank you.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you.
Operator
And the next question comes from Ryan Koontz with Needham.
Ryan Koontz — Needham — Analyst
Thanks for question. I wanted to ask a little bit, Eric about your Contact Center strategy a little more. Was Solvvy an existing partner that you worked with previous to the deal? And do you envision Solvvy being a standalone player where you can use that to augment existing other Contact Centers or how do you envision kind of Solvy? Where is it going to roll into the Zoom platform and be a holistic offer? Thank you.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. First of all, we are very excited about Solvvy acquisition. This is a greater team, laser-focused on Conversational AI with talent and technology. First of all, we are going to embed that into our overall Contact Center offering. That’s number one for sure. In terms of if we need to also keep making that product as a standalone product, keep doubling down that and sell that as a service — as a standalone service and in the next few weeks, a few months, we are going to discuss that. But overall, we’ve got to look at a bigger picture, right. Customer, they need a full-blown, great Contact Center experience from Zoom, right, then the Solvvy product will be part of that and many customers already told us very excited about this acquisition.
Ryan Koontz — Needham — Analyst
Got it, thanks, Eric.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator
You will now hear from Michael Turrin with Wells Fargo.
Michael Turrin — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Hey, there. Nice to see everyone. Thanks for taking the question. Kelly, you mentioned the outlook comes from modest re-acceleration of growth in fiscal Q4. Thinking through the drivers and assumptions there just beyond compares, is there anything you can add to help us think through how much of that comes from some of the online headwinds rolling off of the model, the seasonal profile of enterprise coming through as we get closer to the exit of the year or just other pieces to be mindful of? And on the EMEA impacts and the flattish growth that you’re seeing there in Q1, anything you can add just around if that changes, if that’s change for in terms of the fiscal year outlook and how much of that could be incremental versus the targets on what you’re seeing when you frame the outlook 4Q for us? Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Sure. So, the acceleration in Q4 is coming from both online and enterprise. So, online is due to the great initiatives that they’re working on in terms of pricing and packaging and payment types and local payment currencies as well as just the aging of the cohorts that they just get a lot more stable as they age pass that 16-month term a if you will. And what we’re seeing is, by the time we get to Q4, we’re going to have 75-ish percent of our online cohorts that have aged to that level. So, that really brings a lot of stability to the online segment and should reach to return it to not only being stable but also growing and so that’s really exciting.
And then the enterprise, we continue to expect growth to expand due to just expanded sales capacity as Eric just talked about continuing to invest in AEs, investing in our international channel as well as contribution from all these amazing new products that are continuing to grow and find their sea legs, if you will and we’ll really to be able to get to the back half of the year, including Whiteboard, Contact Center Events, all of those things that we’ll start to see more and more contribution from those.
And then EMEA, so incremental EMEA, that is really I think difficult to predict right now given the state of what’s happening in EMEA. As I talked about the impact from FX as well as the war is approximately 1% of revenue and counted in our current outlook and guidance that we’ve given. So, if things in any way were to improve dramatically smoothen that there could be upside, but I think we are all in a wait and see mode there.
Michael Turrin — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Very helpful, thank you.
Operator
Moving on to Peter Levine with Evercore.
Peter Levine — Evercore — Analyst
Thank you for squeezing me in. So, maybe to follow-up on the, I think the prior land and expand question with your Phone, Contact Center, your core meetings, we’ve seen that like there are a number of different buyers across the board that you have to go after, right to gain market share. So, for one on the enterprise side, I’m assuming you’re seeing sales cycles, if you’re selling [Technical Issues] and Contact Center, the whole package is taking longer, occupancy for approvals, but really asking is like, how we should we think about sales and marketing leverage will return? Like how do you synchronize your go-to-market kind of leverage now that you have [Technical Issues]?
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Eric, do you want to talk about that? You want me to?
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Sure, absolutely. So, talking about go-to-market strategy, right, similar to what we did before, I think what it is working extremely well, so and to build trust with customer, right. And given that we have so many very happy customers over the past two years, and we truly have the word, helping people stay connected. For any new services, they are very happy to try test their services, right. Because of that our upsell opportunity is huge, right and we already established a trust. You know, customers are really not like just looking for other solutions, just the work. They really need to have some solutions that can truly make employee workforce happy, right.
And aside of that, Zoom IQ for Sales, right offer we launched that. And we already have several paid customer. Reason why the customers trust our brand and doing the upsell, the period, right. We always talk to the customer, hey, we have this service, we have that service, right. And overall, I think if trust already is there, any new and upsell opportunity should be relatively easier even if the buyer is different because the CIO, they already made a decision, right, to standardize and Zoom Meetings, the Phone, the Contact Centers, you might give for Whiteboard. And also, by the way, do not forget about also position the Chat solution as well, right. And that’s the reason why customers look at the full usage stack.
Zoom has everything, right. That is the key. That’s why customers can trust us. By the way, we build everything by ourself, very consistent front-end express, very executable back-end and also very efficient architecture as well. That’s why we are very optimistic about our go-to-market strategy. In terms of marketing, for sure, we do not even spend so much money to promote a Zoom brand, right. Zoom already became a word, right. How to make sure folks on it looks like vertical market, right, some in-person events and also the — stay as close as possible with the prospects and customers and that’s our focus, right. Not unlike previously we really focus on the brand, the marketing, that’s not our focus, more enterprise marketing now.
Peter Levine — Evercore — Analyst
Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Peter.
Operator
And we have time for one additional question which will come from Matthew Harrigan with Benchmark.
Matthew Harrigan — Benchmark — Analyst
Thank you. Can you talk about how the advent of private 5G networks especially relative to the limitations of Wi-Fi on the security side really helped the enterprise opportunity over a period of time both as far as the TAM and the specific alternatives that you offer for that?
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Matthew, first of all, thank you for waiting for such a long time. [Indecipherable]. I think look at a Wi-Fi or corporate LAN network or 5G actually, from our perspective, right, as long as any technology kind of help improve customer’s connectivity, making the connection stable, we are very happy, right. Especially between 4G and 5G, 5G is great, but not every country already deployed 5G and also look at our optimization technology, right and [Technical Issues] stable network, even 5G and also, I think optimize more if needed it. Overall, I think anything from infrastructure leader can help improve customer with collaboration experience, we’re all for it, right. That’s why we cannot have 5G or 6G. I think we just to make sure we build an application and leverage those advanced infrastructure to truly deliver happiness for our customers.
Matthew Harrigan — Benchmark — Analyst
Thanks, Eric. Congratulations.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Matthew. Appreciate It.
Operator
And again, this does conclude our Q&A session for today. So, Eric, I’ll turn things back to you for any closing or additional comments.
Eric S. Yuan — Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Well, thank you all, really appreciate. Again, thank you for Zoomie’s hard work, thank you for every customer, partner, investors. We’re very, very — we truly appreciate. Thank you again. Thank you.
Kelly Steckelberg — Chief Financial Officer
Bye, everybody. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Eric. And again everyone, that does conclude today’s earnings release. We thank you all so much for your participation. Enjoy the rest of your day and we’ll see you next quarter.