Cognizant Technology Solutions (CTSH) Q1 2020 earnings call dated May 07, 2020
Corporate Participants:
Katie Royce — Global Head of Investor Relations
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Karen McLoughlin — Chief Financial Officer
Analysts:
Lisa D. Ellis — MoffettNathanson Research — Analyst
Edward S. Caso — Wells Fargo Securities — Analyst
Bryan Bergin — Cowen & Company — Analyst
Tien-Tsin Huang — J.P. Morgan — Analyst
Keith Bachman — BMO Capital Market — Analyst
Rod Bourgeois — DeepDive Equity Research LLC — Analyst
Jonathan — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Presentation:
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Cognizant Technology Solutions First Quarter 2020 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
And I will now turn the conference over to Katie Royce, Global Head of Investor Relations at Cognizant. Please go ahead.
Katie Royce — Global Head of Investor Relations
Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. By now you should have received a copy of the earnings release and investor supplement for the company’s first quarter 2020 results. If you have not, copies are available on our website cognizant.com. The speakers we have on today’s call are Brian Humphries, Chief Executive Officer and Karen McLoughlin, Chief Financial Officer.
Before we begin, I would like to remind you that some of the comments made on today’s call and some of the responses to your questions may contain forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to the risks and uncertainties as described in the company’s earnings release and other filings with the SEC. Additionally, during our call today, we will reference certain non-GAAP financial measures that we believe provide useful information for our investors. Reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures where appropriate to the corresponding GAAP measures can be found in the company’s earnings release and other filings with the SEC.
With that, I’d now like to turn the call over to Brian Humphries. Please go ahead, Brian.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Katie, and good afternoon, everybody. Today we have several topics to discuss with you as a follow-on to our April 9 business update. These include a review of our first quarter 2020 results, an update on COVID-19 and discussion on the Maze ransomware attack and an update on the strength of our balance sheet and liquidity and how we will react to the new demand environment.
Let’s start with first quarter results. Revenue grew 3.5% year-over-year in constant currency to $4.2 billion. This includes the 50 basis points impact from the exit of certain content services business. Non-GAAP EPS was $0.96, up 5% year-over-year. Karen will bring you through the details of the quarter. While today’s call had a full agenda given COVID-19 and ransomware updates, I do want to start with some perspective on the commercial transformation program that we have been executing over the past year. I’m pleased to state that we’ve been making solid progress against this initiative. And I want to illustrate this progress with some data that we do not normally share.
On a trailing 12-month basis, our win rate is up hundreds of basis points. First quarter total contracts awarded grew 30% plus year-over-year with broad-based strength across all service lines, industries and geographies. This represents our best quarterly performance since 2017. Qualified pipeline growth was strong in Q1 and especially robust in larger deals where we had solid double-digit qualified pipeline growth versus the prior year period. This momentum speaks to how well clients have embraced our strategy and have responded to our renewed sense of client centricity. It also speaks to how our teams have embraced our focus on growth. Notwithstanding a quarterly earnings backdrop that includes COVID-19 and ransomware, I do not want us to lose sight of these leading indicators that reflect Cognizant’s growing competitiveness.
Turning now to COVID-19, which as you know, is having a severe humanitarian and economic impact on society across the world. As we navigate this pandemic, our top priority remains the health and safety of our own associates, whilst maintaining continuity of service for our clients. Our perspective is that COVID-19 is affecting the IT services industry on two dimensions; fulfillment and demand.
Let’s start with fulfillment. After a strong start to the first quarter, our revenue slowed meaningfully in March, reflecting the fulfillment challenges are shifting rapidly to a work from home environment across our delivery centers. These challenges include people, IT, security and client considerations. Thanks to the professionalism and diligence of our associates and the execution of our crisis management and business continuity plans, we were able to ensure continuity of service for the vast majority of our clients in March and early April.
As a testament to this, I have received numerous notes from clients recognizing the work of our teams. While this was a gargantuan task and there were some speed bumps along the way, I want to acknowledge our teams around the world who went the extra mile in testing circumstances to make this happen. And we’ll return to fulfillment efforts in a moment when I cover the ransomware attack and our internal IT systems, and in particular, its impact on our work from home enablement.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on demand is more multi-dimensional. While we are in a period of great uncertainty, as a company, we expect the economics and human impact will be felt by companies across the globe. While certain industries will be hit hardest, all industries will suffer. Smaller businesses those with weak balance sheets and liquidity will be particularly impacted. The demand impact will be felt throughout 2020. And when a recovery materializes, certain markets such as the U.S. will rebound quicker.
As indicated on our April 9 update, we’ve seen some delays and cancellations of projects and discretionary spending and select to request for furloughs, rate concessions and extended payment terms from our clients. While our outlook for 2020 has been meaningfully altered, we are nevertheless confident that we will weather this storm given our business mix. For example, since more than 60% of our business is in Financial Services and Healthcare, we are less exposed to some of the hardest hit industries, including travel, hospitality, retail and automotive.
International markets, which tend to rebound more slowly represent just 25% of our business. And we are primarily exposed to global 2000 clients, which we believe will be more resilient than smaller companies. We also have great confidence in the strength of our balance sheet and liquidity. While we will be prudent in this uncertain economic backdrop, this confidence allows us nonetheless to invest in M&A to accelerate our strategy and bolster our capabilities, more on that later.
More broadly, the pandemic shockwaves have spurred clients to accelerate their digital transformations. Clients are looking for ways to modernize their business, accelerate innovation, become more elastic and agile in the face of business uncertainty and generally re-imagining their businesses for the new normal. More major IT trends such as core modernization, data modernization and cloud adoption will accelerate. These secular trends play to our refined strategy and make it more relevant than ever. In short, while 2020 will be a challenging year given COVID-19, we are confident that our industry, geographic and customer segment mix, our balance sheet, our momentum in our digital imperatives and our growing competitiveness will allow us to compete well on a relative basis regardless of the macro environment.
Let’s turn now to the Maze ransomware attack, which we announced in April. We responded immediately by mobilizing our entire leadership team, drawing on the expertise of our IT and security teams and bringing in leading cybersecurity experts to help us investigate and respond to the attack. We also contacted appropriate law enforcement agencies. From the start, we decided to communicate forthrightly and transparently with our clients.
In addition to hundreds of individual client calls conducted by our security organization, cybersecurity experts and our executive team, we held two client conference calls in April. Retaining client trust is of paramount importance, so we erred on the side of over communicating the details of what we knew and how we were working to contain and mitigate this incident. We proactively provided clients with indicators of compromise or so-called IOCs, namely forensic data a company can use to identify potentially malicious activity and defend against attacks from external actors.
Earlier this week, in our third conference call with clients, we confirmed the containment of the ransomware attack. While we are pleased to have reached this important milestone, the ransomware attack will nevertheless negatively impact our Q2 results for two reasons. First, the attack encrypted some of our internal systems, effectively defaming them and we proactively took other systems offline. This disruption included both select system supporting our work from home enablements such as BDI and the provisioning of laptops that had been expected to further increase our work from home capabilities in April. Second, in the wake of the ransomware attack, some clients opted to suspend our access to their networks. Billing was therefore impacted for a period of time, yet the cost of staffing these projects remained on our books.
With the ransomware attack now contained, we’ve restored BDI and automated laptop provisioning. Further, we’ve previously ordered equipment now physically in India and distribution constraints less restrictive as per the latest state directives. We are now substantially work from home-enabled. In addition, following the containment of the ransomware attack, we have meaningfully progressed in addressing the concerns of clients that has suspended our access to their networks. We expect to substantially complete this by the end of the month.
We expect the vast majority of revenue and margin impact from ransomware attack to be in the second quarter. However, ongoing remediation cost will institute through subsequent quarters. We will disclose this financial impact to you on a quarterly basis to ensure appropriate visibility. Ransomware attacks are becoming all too frequent across industries. We are using this experience as an opportunity to refresh and strengthen our approach to security. We’re already applying what we’ve learned to further harden and strengthen our security environments. And we are further leveraging our external security experts to help inform and guide our long-term security strategy. Cybersecurity will continue to be a top priority for us in the years ahead.
As you recall, during our COVID-19 business update on April 9, we withdrew guidance for 2020. Before I pass the call to Karen, I want to draw your attention to the fact that we entered the year with cost assumptions built to support revenue growth acceleration. These assumptions no longer hold true in light of fact that nobody can predict how long the current macro environment will persist.
So we are faced with a great deal of uncertainty on many levels, including our own cost structure. Having come through a challenging 2019 when promotions and salary increases were delayed, as a leadership team, we have decided to take a nuanced approach to 2020. We aim to invest in the business by protecting and developing digital skills, continuing to build out our commercial team and continuing to correct the employee pyramid by onboarding approximately 20,000 entry-level hires.
Meanwhile, we aim to significantly decrease other costs, including corporate overhead, travel, marketing, relocations and non-commercial lateral hires. Services companies habitually really rely on so-called bench policies to rightsize their associate base, to reflect market demand. Against today’s COVID-19 backdrop, we feel that traditional industry bench policies do not adequately address the interests of impacted employees. Consequently, any employees impacted by demand supply imbalances may benefit from extended medical coverage and exit packages through the end of the third quarter.
Karen will now take you through the details of the quarter and provide updates on our balance sheet, liquidity and cost initiatives. After that, I’ll return to provide some closing remarks, before we take Q&A.
Karen McLoughlin — Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, Brian, and good afternoon, everyone. First quarter revenue of $4.2 billion grew 2.8% year-over-year or 3.5% in constant currency including a negative 50 basis point impact from the exit of certain content-related services. We saw strong momentum across the business in January and February with the initial impact of COVID particularly on the fulfillment side starting to impact the business in the middle of March.
During the first quarter, we also took a fresh look at our definition of digital revenue and have better aligned it to our digital imperatives. Substantive changes to the definition include the addition of certain platform solutions and the removal of certain content services work. Based on this new definition, digital revenue as a percentage of total revenue was approximately 41% for the first quarter and grew by approximately 19% year-over-year.
Moving to the industry verticals where all of the growth rates provided will be year-over-year in constant currency. Financial Services growth of 1.8% was driven by banking, including strong performance in Europe attributable to the Samlink deal and regional banks in North America. Weakness persisted across global accounts, particularly in capital markets and insurance.
Moving on to Healthcare, which grew 2.7%. Performance was led by strong double-digit growth in life sciences in Europe. Within our Healthcare vertical, revenue declined low-single-digits as the headwinds in North America we highlighted in 2019 continue to impact the business in Q1. However, contract signings in Healthcare were a meaningful contributor to the overall strength in bookings that Brian mentioned in his comments.
Products and Resources growth of 5.3% was driven by manufacturing, logistics and retail and consumer goods and partially offset by softness in travel and hospitality. Roughly 60% of this segment represents revenue within the travel and hospitality and retail and consumer goods industries, which have experienced the earliest impact of COVID-19 given restrictions in travel and lack of foot traffic within retailers.
Communications, Media and Technology grew 6.3% led by strength in Communications and Media clients in North America where momentum from late in 2019 continued driven by an increase in demand for services in core modernization and cloud transformation services. However, we expect this vertical to see a meaningful deceleration this year, particularly with the entertainment clients exposed to studios, cable TV and theme parks. Although technology continue to outpace total company performance, growth decelerated due to a negative impact of $23 million from our decision to exit certain portions of our content services business. This impacted our CMT segment growth by approximately 390 basis points.
Moving on to margin. In Q1, our GAAP operating margin and diluted EPS were 13.7% and $0.67 respectively. Adjusted operating margin, which excludes restructuring and COVID-related charges was 15.1%. And our adjusted diluted EPS was $0.96. COVID-related charges were $6 million in the quarter, which included $5 million of the expected $25 million total related to the previously announced one-time salary adjustment in April that we gave to certain employees in India and the Philippines.
Our GAAP margin improved year-over-year given the India defined contribution accrual in Q1 of 2019. However, our adjusted operating margin, which excludes this impact in the prior year period was down 90 basis points year-over-year as investments in sales hiring, higher incentive-based compensation as well as an approximately $30 million to $35 million COVID-related revenue impact in March resulting from fulfillment challenges caused by the rapid shift of our employee base to safely work from home. These increased costs were offset by savings from items such as lower T&E and the favorable movement in the rupee [Phonetic].
During the quarter, we continue to execute against the 2020 Fit For Growth Plan, which is designed to improve our cost structure and fund investments aligned with our long-term growth strategy. In Q1, we incurred $35 million of charges as part of this plan. Based on the actions taken since the program inception, we have achieved over $250 million in annualized run rate savings.
Additionally, as part of the Fit For Growth Plan, we continued the exit of a subset of our content services business, accounting for $11 million of the $35 million of charges in the quarter. We continue to expect the ramp down of this work to occur over the next several quarters with the majority of the work expected to be ramped down exiting 2020. In total, our estimated revenue impact of $225 million to $255 million on an annualized basis is unchanged. In Q2, we expect the negative year-over-year impact to revenue of approximately $50 million. As a reminder, the content services business is within the Communications, Media and Technology segment.
Now I would like to spend some time talking about how we are managing the business in light of an uncertain revenue trajectory and increased cost related to COVID and the ransomware incident. Entering 2020, we had certain demand and revenue assumptions to which we aligned our cost structure. The new reality of the demand environment and the anticipated cost associated with COVID-19 and remediating the ransomware attack requires us to make further adjustments.
Since the trajectory of recovery in demand remains uncertain, we must be prepared for various scenarios over the coming quarters and manage costs accordingly. As a leadership team, we have spent the last several weeks discussing those scenarios and implementing action plans. In the near-term, there will be other COVID-related costs, which we will continue to identify separately, including the remaining $20 million of the $25 million related to the one-time salary adjustments in April for certain employees in India and the Philippines, cost to establish work from home environments for employees.
Additionally, part of planning as a leadership team is to contemplate the future workplace environment and be prepared to return our employees safely to this new reality. It is likely that there will be incremental costs in the near-term as we prepare to exit the lockdown periods. These costs could include not only equipping certain employees to work from home on a more permanent basis, but also retrofitting existing facilities to accommodate a lower density ratio amid new social distancing norms and other business continuity-related costs.
As we think about mitigation efforts, our near-term focus is on first addressing variable costs. We are a people-based business. And employee-related costs, including compensation and benefits plus subcontractors, make up over 80% of our total cost structure. We are ratcheting down variable costs, both people and non-people-related costs through actions such as reduced T&E, relocation, recruiting and integration-related costs, reduced spend on events and marketing, prudently managing our subcontractor mix, deferring certain annual wage increases and promotion cycle. We are freezing lateral hiring across all functions. However, we will continue to move forward with our sales hiring plan and other key positions and honor all outstanding accepted offers.
Deferring the timing of our training start date in India to Q3 from Q2. However, this will continue to be dependent on lockdowns and school schedules across India. Tightly managing utilization is another way that we look more closely aligned with a lower revenue trajectory. As you might imagine, we have seen a significant decline in voluntary attrition in recent weeks. This, when compounded by a reduction in demand, will naturally lead to utilization levels lower than what we believe is necessary to support the business in the near-term.
In this scenario, we will accelerate the further development of employees with skills aligned to our key digital imperatives, which we expect will align with client demand when an economic recovery emerges. At the same time, we are aware that there are likely to be employees who are or will become unutilized for whom we do not foresee those opportunities. As always, we are committed to treating these employees with fairness and dignity, which in the current environment, will also include providing extended health and other financial benefits to ease their transition.
Accordingly, between now and the end of the third quarter, we expect to incur additional realignment charges associated with these enhanced benefits. And we now expect net headcount to decline in 2020 versus 2019. The size and timing of these charges will unfold as the demand environment becomes clear. It is also critical in this environment to continue to execute our Fit For Growth Plan, which thus far has not experienced any material delays from COVID. We still expect the majority of the actions to be complete by the middle of this year. And result in gross savings of over $450 million in 2020 and annualized gross run rate savings of $500 million to $550 million in 2021. We continue to expect charges to be in the $150 million to $200 million range.
Now turning to the balance sheet. Our cash and short-term investments balance as of March 31 stood at $4.3 billion, up approximately $860 million from December 31. This balance now excludes the approximately $400 million of restricted deposits related to our tax dispute in India, which has been reclassified as long-term investments on our balance sheet.
We’ve further strengthened our financial flexibility by drawing down $1.74 billion on our revolving credit facility on March 23, 2020. This brought our outstanding debt balance to $2.5 billion. Additionally, we have paused our share repurchase activity and our focus will be on targeted M&A and preserving liquidity. Overall, we feel that our balance sheet is very healthy and provides us the flexibility needed in the current environment to run the business, while continuing to invest. We generated $385 million of free cash flow in the quarter. DSO of 74 days improved two days year-over-year, reflecting improved collections from several large accounts.
On a year-over-year basis, free cash flow also benefited from lower incentive-based compensation, which is paid out in the first quarter. In addition, restructuring charges resulted in approximately $50 million cash outflow in the quarter, although this was mostly offset by one-time items as the result of certain favorable contract renegotiations. We do anticipate an increase in DSO for the remainder of 2020 as we have granted certain clients in significantly impacted industries extended payment terms for a short defined period. As we have seen in prior downturns, standing by our clients in times of trouble serves as well in protecting the overall partnership. At the same time, we are also reviewing our own vendor relationship and will continue to pursue opportunities to drive both cost and cash flow efficiencies.
As we discussed during our business update call on April 9, given the limited visibility in our markets, we do not feel it is appropriate to offer either Q2 or full year 2020 guidance. While we are not able to predict with any certainty the length of disruption or depth of the economic impacts from COVID-19, we are operating the business with the following assumptions.
First, that the demand environment remains highly volatile and uncertain in the near-term. We expect client focus in the near-term to be on critical systems and infrastructure to enable their core operations. Discretionary projects are those without a quick payback, we expect will be delayed. We see this significantly challenging the second quarter, but also the remainder of the year. We are currently planning for a slow transition back to normalcy and expect year-over-year challenges to continue, at least through Q1 2021. We expect that demand will be most impacted in travel, hospitality, retail, automotive, energy and media and entertainment, which are collectively just over 20% of total revenue, but we do also anticipate a broad slowdown across our other industries.
As Brian mentioned, the ransomware attack in April negatively impacted our work from home enablement schedule. As a result of this ransomware attack, our Q2 revenue and margins will both be negatively impacted. While we anticipate that the revenue impact related to this issue will be largely resolved by the middle of the quarter, we do anticipate the revenue and corresponding margin impact to be in the range of $50 million to $70 million for the quarter.
Additionally, we expect to incur certain legal, consulting and other costs associated with the investigation, service restoration and remediation of the breach. While we have restored the majority of our services and we are moving quickly to complete the investigation, it is likely the costs related to the ransomware attack will continue to negatively impact our financial results beyond Q2.
While we have already begun taking actions to address costs across the company, there is a lag on the timing of any savings from these actions. Therefore, we expect adjusted margins to decline sequentially and remain below the 16% to 17% range provided in our February guidance, which we have since withdrawn on a full year basis. We anticipate that our Q2 adjusted operating margin will be the lowest quarter of the year given the combined impact of COVID-19 and the ransomware attack.
So to wrap up, while COVID-19 and the ransomware attack will negatively impact our 2020 financial performance, we are very pleased with the progress we are making, not just with the cost alignment part of our Fit For Growth program, but also the continued progress we have made with hiring new sales resources and the traction we have seen in win rates and first quarter total contract signings. We look forward to providing you with further updates as the year progresses.
With that, I will turn the call back over to Brian to further discuss our recovery plan in a post-COVID world.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Karen. Let me wrap up by saying that Cognizant is built on financial strength and flexibility, unwavering client centricity that has earned us the enduring trust of clients and 290,000 talented associates who once again proved our great selflessness and determination in recent weeks. While 2020 will be a challenging year given COVID-19, we are confident that our industry, geographic and customer segment mix and our balance sheet, our momentum in the digital imperatives and our growing competitiveness will enable us to compete well on a relative basis regardless of the macro environment.
The post-COVID world will create new norms and hasting trends to highly mobile virtual and personal world. We won’t just be talking about teleworking, but rather remote everything from digital workflow, to design, to e-commerce, e-banking, education and telemedicine. Against this backdrop, our strategy to win in the digital battlegrounds of AI and analytics, digital engineering, cloud and IoT become more relevant than ever.
We will continue to use M&A to accelerate the execution of our strategy. On Tuesday, we announced an agreement to acquire Collaborative Solutions, one of the world’s largest Workday consultancies. With its rich expertise and leading position in the Workday ecosystem, Collaborative Solutions will expand our opportunity in cloud by establishing new practice in this large fast growing market.
The acquisition brings key skills to Cognizant and differentiates us in the market, especially against Indian pure-play competitors. The acquisition also complements the capabilities we’ve been building out in our salesforce practice. We’ve come through a lot so far this year. Through this, we’ve always sustained our focus from our client centricity and our determination to execute our strategy.
Our increased commercial momentum in the first quarter affirms that our strategy, our solution portfolio and our renewed vigor is resonating well with clients. While the COVID-19 and the recent ransomware attack has been a setback, I am confident that Cognizant will emerge strongly from these challenges. No one knows how long the pandemic will last, only that eventually will fade. Certainly the business world will be quite different from what it is today. I’ve been here long enough in Cognizant to know that we will rise and surmount this challenge and come out the other side stronger. We’ll keep our cultures strong through this period. The spirit of teamwork and collaboration on the vast scale that I’ve seen from our associates during the crisis are I believe the direct result of our company’s deep-seated and shared sense of purpose. Come what may, it’s in our DNA to help our clients succeed.
And with that, operator, we can open the call for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] The first question is coming from the line of Lisa Ellis with MoffettNathanson. Please proceed with your question.
Lisa D. Ellis — MoffettNathanson Research — Analyst
Hi, good afternoon, guys, and good to hear your voices. Brian, thanks for the visibility on some of those sales metrics in the first quarter, you highlight the 30% increase in total contracts awarded. You’ve made a number of changes to Cognizant’s go-to market model since you joined Cognizant. Can you highlight what changes have been making this difference or driving this early traction you’re seeing? How far along are you on this journey? And are there particular service lines or project types where you’re seeing particular traction at this point? Thank you.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. Hi, Lisa. So look, we made a significant amount of changes from a go-to-market point of view in the last year, but really kicked it in Q1 of this year because a lot of work was needed before we could actually determine how to best deploy this. And that included a different sales compensation model, which shifted more compensation to variable comp away from fixed compensation. It included a resegmentation of clients into a RAD model, which is a sophisticated methodology to deploy resources against accounts that you are currently in where you’re trying to farm versus hunt new logos. It also required us to build out extensive new relationships with partners who need to become very much part of our ecosystem. And on top of that, of course, we have been in the process of hiring 500 revenue-generating resources and/or supporting resources, which could include commercial pricers, lawyers, etc. And we’re about 60% through that. But let’s not overlook the fact as well. Just the notion of getting the company back focused on growth, focused on client centricity and getting the rigor back into the company to tap into something that fundamentally is in our core DNA is very, very important.
We’ve been doing that for a period of time now. We’ve also made some leadership changes. We’ve really tried to hone in on client centricity in the leadership team, starting with myself. And that’s what I believe has led to the significant momentum we’ve had in the first quarter. And I would say even for some of our larger industries like insurance, banking, healthcare that momentum has actually continued into the month of April, albeit not at the really robust strength that we saw in the first quarter. But the 33% growth in the first quarter is our strongest bookings since 2017. It was actually very broad-based across all industry segments, across North America, as well as our international markets, which we term global growth markets.
And then from a service line point of view, our digital business was up in excess of 50% and digital operations and our third service line systems and technology also had robust growth. And I really feel good by the way about our digital offerings. We have really strong capabilities now in cloud. You’ve seen us build out those capabilities with a series of acquisitions in the last year, three Salesforce platinum partners. And more recently this week, Collaborative Solutions, which is the establishment of a Workday practice in Cognizant. Salesforce and the Workday tend to go hand in glove in clients that have embraced cloud and we feel that a strong alignment behind companies that are growing 20%, 30% year-over-year is obviously very important for Cognizant’s growth rate into the future as well.
So I feel very, very good about our commercial momentum of the progress we’re making. Now of course then we’re hit with COVID-19, which fundamentally changed the growth trajectory in the month of March. But we’re going to deal with that. And as I said on the call, we are — from my perspective as well positioned as anybody to deal with it given our business mix, and we’ll come out stronger on the other side.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Edward Caso with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question.
Edward S. Caso — Wells Fargo Securities — Analyst
Hi. Thank you. I was wondering if you could give us a little bit more color on the ransomware attack? Sort of when did it first appear? Was the take down of the credit line related to that? And what sort of — you talked about great awards in Q1, has this slowed down that favorable TCV momentum? Thanks.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Hey Ed, it’s Brian. So the ransomware attack hit us prior to the work from home enablements. We saw what was happening. And as we were trying to slow it down, we were faced with therefore a ransomware attack. And we had three calls with clients too in the month of April and then one last week where we acknowledged containment. The credit line or the line of credits drawdown has nothing to do with this. This simply gives us optionality. We already have a very strong balance sheet, as you know, strong collections as currently indicated in the quarter. So frankly, it’s nothing to do with ransomware.
The TCV growth in Q1 was independent of ransomware. I don’t believe ransomware had any meaningful impact on our business momentum. Certainly, we had an impact in the month of — latter part of April and early May as the ransomware attach had effectively disabled some of our internal systems that have been encrypted, which impacted some of our work from home enablements and indeed certain clients had opted just ahead of an abundance of caution to isolate themselves from our network. But given we have contained the virus by working night and day candidly internally as well as working with leading cybersecurity partners, including mandates and of course the federal authorities. We are now in a better position and clients on a daily basis are again freeing us up. So I think that will be felt from a revenue and margin point of view for the most part. The vast majority will be felt in Q2. Thereafter, I imagine we’re well be half of that.
That said, we will continue to spend money in Q3, Q4 and beyond to further strengthen our security framework. So revenue and margin impact is more in Q2. Cost impact will continue a little bit through the rest of the year. But Ed, I think we handled the ransomware attack as well as one can in these circumstances. We chose to be very deliberately client-centric by having three clients conference calls, by doing hundreds of client calls with the executive team and our security team and indeed mandates in the days throughout this period by being as forthright and transparent as we possibly could. And nobody wants to be dealt with a ransomware attack. I personally don’t believe anybody is truly impervious to it, but the difference is how you manage it and we try to manage it professionally and maturely.
Operator
Our next question is from the line of Bryan Bergin with Cowen. Please proceed with your question.
Bryan Bergin — Cowen & Company — Analyst
Good afternoon. Thank you. I hope you’re all doing well. I wanted to ask on client behavior. Really just, what you’re seeing over the last two weeks versus the spending appetite in early and mid-April. Any semblance of stabilization in any verticals yet? And can you just comment on the types of programs that are moving forward?
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Bryan. I don’t think there’s any stabilization per se. Budgets, from my perspective were being revised downwards throughout all industries. Certainly, some industries will be hit more than others. I think digital remains a priority. Virtual work, virtual healthcare, education, banking, e-commerce, you name it, remains of course top of mind for people in today’s environment. The shift to SaaS continues. Digital engineering continues by definition to fuel some of those capabilities. But I would say projects with short-term paybacks continue, but anything that is deemed discretionary is being delayed.
We have seen some requests for furloughs, rate concessions, etc, but not a meaningful amount. And I would say, in the same vein, we are still seeing some pretty substantial opportunities out there including captive opportunities. And as I referenced in my prepared remarks, pipeline shape on a qualified basis actually in that reasonably healthy as we exited Q1 and even now after the month of March. So we are being very opportunistic here. We are making sure we fine-tune our offerings to take advantage of the new norm that we’re in today. We have work streams lined up behind that. And of course we continue to push our digital imperatives, which are from my perspective, firmly and squarely into the area of the market where growth will continue, if not accelerate into the foreseeable future, and that includes data modernization and cloud applications, generally including SaaS and indeed core modernization. So we feel well positioned. But it is a particularly difficult environment to call at this moment in time. There’s not a lot of visibility. And clients are I think obviously being cautious.
Operator
The next question is from the line of Tien-Tsin Huang with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed with your question.
Tien-Tsin Huang — J.P. Morgan — Analyst
Hey, thanks so much. I have a follow-up and then a question. Just a follow-up to Lisa’s question, just on the sales signing success. Are you seeing an uptick in sole-sourced deals given your investments in sales? Obviously the win share is up against the bigger pipeline, but it sounds like maybe the sole-sourced piece could be up, just curious on that? And then just — it sounds like, Brian, your M&A appetite is still there. Should we expect a pause given everything going on or are you still pretty active with the M&A? Thank you.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
I don’t think we see a lot of sole-sourced per se. But I will say, we have seen some renewals where we’ve had the opportunity to renew without those contracts being up for bid or tender. And that’s been on the basis of very strong deliveries and strong client satisfaction and frankly a very strong executive engagement which has been quite intentional over the last year. But as ever, clients are always looking to extract value for money. And of course, they also want to sleep well at night. So they want to work with partners who honor their commitments and deliver well.
I’m feeling good generally however about our momentum in the field and our competitive positioning. Our win rates are improving, as I said. Our contract bookings speak for themselves. If it was one vertical or one service line, I wouldn’t quite be so adamant about this, but I genuinely feel is that we’ve made tremendous progress in the last year.
From an M&A perspective, I’m fortunate to be blessed by a board who are very supportive of the projects we’re undergoing. And we have a clearly defined strategy. The M&A transactions that we have made in the last year have been against a defined strategy that was blessed by the board last September. We will continue to obviously monitor collections and monitor our liquidity, as well as our balance sheet, but we feel very comfortable in our current position. And I will say, we will continue to conduct M&A transactions, albeit in a prudent manner. We want to conduct transactions that solely fits and are squarely aligned to our strategy and then we have confidence that we have the right leadership team in place to integrate them successfully.
Operator
The next question is from the line of Keith Bachman with BMO. Please proceed with your question.
Keith Bachman — BMO Capital Market — Analyst
Hi. Thank you very much. And Brian, congratulations on a good March. It seems pretty clear in the absence of COVID that Cognizant was on a very good path for 2020. My question is, I want to dig a little bit, at least around some context associated with margins over the next couple of quarters and what the puts and takes are. You mentioned that Cognizant is on a journey to invest including the sales reps that you mentioned. Karen listed a number of things that were incremental, sounds like incremental cost savings. And I just wondered, it’s the way to think about the dollar amount of incremental cost savings associated with those new areas since the advent of COVID, just so if we can at least try to think about where the margins might be?
And Karen, Part B of that is, as you think about the malware situation, will those costs or remediation — will those be non-GAAP out? In other words, were those be GAAP charges, but it would be taken out of the non-GAAP results? And that’s it. I mean, just any other comments, Brian on how we should be thinking about margins for the next two quarters in particular?
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
So Keith, I’ll kick it off and then maybe Karen can jump in if it’s okay, Karen. We’re obviously not in the same location today. Keith, thank you first of all. I do feel that we did have momentum that was building as we exited Q4, January and February were particularly strong. I felt tentatively we were well on track to have a very strong quarter relative to Wall Street expectations. And then of course March arrived with COVID.
As Karen will attest, the change in dynamics was relatively abrupt, obviously because, first and foremost, because of fulfillment where in countries like India we had four hours. We had obviously triggered a business continuity plan weeks ahead. But the ultimate decision to lockdown India came with a four hour notice. So we, like many services companies I imagine, were scrambling to fulfill work from home capabilities via encrypted desktops or laptops or remote VDI, etc.
So that hurt us from a fulfillment point of view. And as such, you have cost, but as the revenue. Similarly, that compounded itself in the first few weeks of — the first week of May and the last few weeks of April when yet again not only were we dealing with COVID, but then we had a ransomware attack that encrypted servers, which actually took out some of the work from home capabilities that we had enabled in the prior weeks. And also slowed our ability to enable further work from home because of some of the systems and tools we would have used to automate and provision laptops, we’re no longer functioning.
So we had a perfect storm in which we still had costs without revenue. And on top of that, when you have clients who disconnect you from their network for a period of time until such time as you contain the malware, yet again, you want to keep those skill sets ready to reengage as soon as the clients permit you to reengage.
So I think what you will find in Q2, we had the perfect storm of cost without revenue. And of course, then you have to adjust to reflect the demand-supply balance. And that is ultimately I think what will hurt our margins in the foreseeable future. And then as Karen will tell you, of course, we want to protect skills like digital skills, and of course, therefore, we want to take out any so-called no regrets costs to try to mitigate that. But Karen will give you a little bit more details.
Karen McLoughlin — Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Brian, and thanks, Keith. In terms of the ransomware question you asked, we will not be adjusting that out of our non-GAAP. So those costs will stay both in our GAAP and our non-GAAP margins as they continue through the rest of the year. We will, however, as we’ve done in the past with other similarly large unusual transactions, try to call those out on a quarterly basis if they’re meaningful for the investors. We’ll see what that cost looks like.
And as Brian said, on the margin side, obviously there are a number of things that happened very quickly and where we can move to take cost or cost gets eliminated or doesn’t happen such as T&E and so forth, which like others, we started to see the benefits of in late March, obviously because people aren’t physically at work at client sites, they’re not relocating and we don’t have to worry about immigration and other things. People are moving around the country and so forth.
And then as we mentioned in my prepared remarks, while we will continue to honor all of the outstanding offers that have been accepted, we have for the most part shut down much of our hiring. And so recruiting costs obviously go away along with that. But I think, as we’ve talked about, in this business obviously, when there is a revenue slowdown, it depends what the cause of that revenue is, to what happens to your resources and your utilization rates.
As Brian talked about, with things that we think are short-term such as we had with the fulfillment challenges with COVID, late March, early April and then more recently with the ransomware, clearly we want to hold on to those resources so that they can continue to deliver services to clients as that we’re comes back up and we certainly want to make sure, through this time that we protect our digital skills and use this opportunity to continue to enhance and develop digital skills across the company, but certainly it is not unlikely that utilization will hit levels below where we think they should be to run the business for the foreseeable future. And then, obviously, we’ll have to make some adjustments and modify the headcount accordingly for the organization.
As we said, we don’t expect to be in the margin range that we had previously guided to back in February. We do think margins will be below the 16% to 17% range for the year and for each of the quarters throughout the year and we would expect the Q2 because of the issues with ransomware will be the lowest quarter of the year. But we will remain on track with our Fit For Growth Plan. We had made good progress through the first quarter and have generated between Q4 in the first quarter of this year over $250 million of annual savings already and we’ll be on track for the $450 million as we go through the rest of the year to begin to set ourselves up as we move into 2021.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Also Keith, just to conclude at this point. I felt as though very much the story was on track. The commercial momentum is starting to build, the Fit For Growth was well on track. And I would say, then we suffered a micro event, which is a ransomware attack, which we have dealt with since. And then of course we are faced with a macro environment because of COVID-19.
In the absence of those, I would say the story remains very much consistent with what we’ve been saying for the last year, which is differentiating between the cost versus investments, trying to pivot the company back towards a growth story and making sure we have a refined strategy that we can invest behind and execute well to unlock more shareholder value creation. And that’s certainly will be the playbook we will go back to. And I’d like to think we’ll come out of this storm well given the business mix, given our balance sheet, given our liquidity and with even a leaner cost structure given the environment we’re going through in the meantime. Hopefully we can continue the commercial momentum, at least on a relative basis and then the come out of this strongly.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from the line of Rod Bourgeois with DeepDive Equity Research. Please proceed with your question.
Rod Bourgeois — DeepDive Equity Research LLC — Analyst
Hey, there. So the payer subsegment of your healthcare vertical has been weak for a good while, while the life sciences subsegment has been strong. We actually entered 2020 thinking this was the first time in a while that you could be in a better place to grow the payer subsegment of your healthcare vertical. So my question is, looking beyond the immediate crisis on a more secular basis, are you starting to see opportunities for better relative growth in the payer subsegment or maybe you were seeing better opportunities and now COVID is making that murky. But I’d like to ask for any color on that if you can? Thanks.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Hey Rod. Look, we had an outstanding first quarter in healthcare from a bookings point of view, triple-digit growth. By the way, we also had growth into the month of April on a year-over-year basis as well. I’ve been particularly pleased to see the breadth of wins we have seen in the payer area, but also frankly even in the provider area. So it feels to me that we were starting to turn a quarter in healthcare. And as you know, once we hit Q2, we will anniversary the tougher compares that we hit last year because of some of the consolidation in the industry. So we still have work to do of course to continue to sharpen our pencils on our strategy, but I feel that we had made very good progress. We have a leadership team that’s very engaged and we seem to have growing momentum with our major clients.
Operator
Thank you.
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Okay. I think with that, we will take one more question.
Operator
Thank you, Brian. That is from the line of James Faucette with Morgan Stanley.
Jonathan — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
Hey, this is Jonathan [Phonetic] on for James. Thanks for squeezing me in here. I want to ask about what you’re seeing on work that’s being canceled versus the type of work that’s been deferred? Are you seeing a difference in that type of work? I know discretionary work is off the table, but can you help dimensionalize relative to your service lines what has been considered discretionary now?
Brian Humphries — Chief Executive Officer
Look, it’s highly nuanced, it’s client-by-client. But I would say, things that have a long payback tends to be pushed out at this moment in time, some change request or anything that’s so-called discretionary that’s not been critical is certainly being pushed out. But we have seen good momentum. As I said, in our digital engineering business, we feel very good about our cloud momentum. And actually, we’ve had receptivity to this week’s announced acquisition of Collaborative Solutions.
So I think it’s back to the core elements that the secular trends that have been in the markets from my perspective will accelerate as client strikes. You have a much more agile modern infrastructure and ultimately try to take advantage of the data that they have accumulated over the years to really try to have a much more modern perspective in terms of how do you think about individuals. And I truly believe we’re moving to a mobile, a virtual and a truly personal world on a go forward basis.
Okay. I think with that we’re at the top of the hour. So I’d just like to thank you for joining. I know it was a complex earnings call because not only did we talk about Q1 results, we also touched upon the COVID-19 implications, the ransomware attack and how we’ve dealt with that and a little lens into the future. I would just want to wrap up by saying the following things. I truly feel that we’re more competitive than we have been as evidenced by win rates, as evidenced by our pipeline growth, as evidenced by 33% bookings, our highest momentum since 2017.
Yes, it is true that COVID brings a great deal of uncertainty, but I believe our business mix and indeed our growing competitiveness will help us on a relative basis come what may. Ransomware attack is regrettable. it is contained. I believe we’ve managed it well. We’ve had good client feedback. We’ve been transparent, we were forthright. The impact is on revenue and margin primarily in Q2. There will be some residual costs that we will incur in Q3 and Q4 as we continue to harden and strengthen our security position and that is an absolute no regrets spend. Fundamentally, our strategy is sound. It resonates with clients and you’re seeing that show up now in our numbers. And last but not least, we’re 100% focused on executing that strategy. And our clients centricity is greater than ever and we expect to accelerate out of the corner once we get through COVID-19.
So with that, I’d like to thank you for joining us.
Operator
[Operator Closing Remarks]