CSX Corporation (CSX) Q1 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

CSX Corporation (NASDAQ:CSX) Q1 2022 Earnings Call dated Apr. 20, 2022.

Corporate Participants:

Matthew Korn — Investor Relations

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Kevin Boone — Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Analysts:

Jon Chappell — Evercore — Analyst

Brandon Oglenski — Barclays — Analyst

Justin Long — Stephens Inc — Analyst

Chris Wetherbee — Citigroup — Analyst

Mike Tran — UBS — Analyst

Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst

Brian Ossenbeck — JPMorgan Chase — Analyst

Ken Hoexter — Bank of America — Analyst

Walter Spracklin — RBC Capital Markets — Analyst

Fadi Chamoun — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst

David Vernon — Bernstein — Analyst

Cherilyn Radbourne — TD Securities — Analyst

Jordan Alliger — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Presentation:

Operator

Good afternoon. My name is Emma and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Q1 2022 CSX Corporation Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]

Matthew Korn, CSX’ Head of Investor Relations, you may begin your conference.

Matthew Korn — Investor Relations

Thank you, Emma. Good afternoon everyone and welcome. Joining me on today’s call are Jim Foote, President and Chief Executive Officer; Kevin Boone, Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing; Jamie Boychuk, Executive Vice President of Operations; and Sean Pelkey, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Now in our presentation, you will find our forward-looking disclosure on Slide 2 followed by our non-GAAP disclosure on Slide 3.

And with that, it’s my pleasure to introduce our President and Chief Executive Officer, Jim Foote.

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Great. Thank you, Matthew, and thank you to everyone for again joining us on our call today. I’ll begin by expressing my thanks to all of CSX employees, who continue to put in tremendous efforts to serve our customers effectively and above all safely. I’d also like to welcome today, Steve Fortune, who’s with us in the room here today in Jacksonville. Steve serves in a newly created role of Executive Vice President and Chief Digital and Technology Officer. And will focus on harnessing transformative technologies to further growth and enable continued efficiency across the business. His experience leading technology organizations at a global industrial company will be very helpful as we continue to transform CSX.

Now moving to the quarter. We are pleased with our results this quarter though we are not yet satisfied with our service performance. The effects of COVID and severe weather across much of our network clearly led to a tough start to the year, but as we moved into March, operating conditions began to gradually improve and we do see indications that this momentum is continuing. For over a year, we have communicated to you that the key to rebuilding our service to pre-pandemic levels is to hire more train and engine service employees. I’m pleased to say that our efforts there are progressing well and our active T&E count as moved steadily higher this year. The people and resources that we are putting in place today will allow us to provide reliable efficient service to an expanding number of customers.

The business environment remains very favorable for CSX, despite new uncertainties across global supply chains. We are dedicated to do our part to help our customers here in North America meet increasing demand as business and consumers around the world look for reliable sources of the products that we transport. Meanwhile, domestic activity remains robust and our business development and marketing groups are working hard to convert new opportunities. And as higher energy prices and increasing scrutiny on greenhouse gas emissions highlight rails efficiency advantages over trucks, we’re in a great position. If we all do our jobs, hold to our principles and deliver the service level that we know we can achieve, this company has great potential for many years ahead.

Lastly, I’d like to note that we are pleased that the Surface Transportation Board approved our acquisition of Pan Am Railways which clears the way for the transaction to close this June. All of us are excited about the opportunities that will come as we design new service solutions for shippers and receivers in New England.

Now let’s turn to Slide 4. Turning to the presentation, which highlights our key financial results. We moved nearly 1.5 million carloads in the first quarter and generated over $3.4 billion in revenue. Operating income increased by 16% to $1.28 billion. The operating ratio increased by 150 basis points to 62.4%, but remember, this rate includes approximately 250 basis points of impact from Quality Carriers and the impact of higher fuel prices. And earnings per share increased 26% to $0.39 a share.

I’ll now turn it over to Kevin, Jamie and Sean for details.

Kevin Boone — Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing

Thank you, Jim. Turning to Slide 5. First quarter revenue increased 21% year-over-year with growth across all major lines of business. Merchandise revenue increased 6% on 2% lower volume, a strong pricing gains and higher fuel surcharge revenue more than offset the volume decline. Current demand remained strong across most merchandise markets with shippers prioritizing environmental benefits of rail and pursuing lower cost options to offset inflation. The ongoing semiconductor shortage impacted automotive volumes through the quarter. However, we did see sequential improvement as consumer demand remained strong with dealer inventory levels low. Our core chemical franchise saw strong demand, but more than offset continued challenges in energy related chemical markets. As we continue to add resources across the network, we expect to capture additional opportunities.

Intermodal revenue increased 13% on 1% lower volume as truck conversions drove domestic growth, offsetting declines in the international market that continues to be impacted by supply side constraints. Intermodal demand remains strong but continues to be challenged by takeaway capacity and equipment shortages including chassis. Coal revenue increased 39% on 10% lower volume. Export coal revenue increase was driven by higher benchmark prices partially offset by lower domestic and international thermal coal shipments. First quarter coal volumes were impacted by several factors, including mine disruptions and an outage at our Curtis Bay export facility. Demand across all of our coal markets remained strong. And we expect volumes to improve in the second quarter as some of these headwinds subside and additional network capacity is added.

Other revenue increased primarily due to higher intermodal storage and equipment usage, but was partially offset by lower payments from customers, that did not meet volume commitments. As we exit the quarter, concerns around the Omicron variant have been replaced by broader global supply chain uncertainty in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine. As Jim mentioned, we are committed to helping our customers in North America to meet the increasing demand for their products from consumers around the world. We are working closely with our customers to understand the potential shifts in the global supply chain. And while it is early, we see opportunities that could benefit our network in the ports we serve. As we look across many of our markets, demand continues to outstrip supply. We expect this to improve as resources are added across the supply chain.

Now turning to Slide 6. I would like to provide more detail on CSX’s business development capabilities, which I briefly discussed last quarter. CSX has an experienced team of business development professionals to help existing and prospective customers identify, design and build facilities across the network. This team works closely with state and locally economic developers to maximize investment incentives that will encourage more business to locate on CSX and our short line partners. These efforts continue to pay off. In 2021, over 19 new facilities and expansion projects were placed into service across our network which represents over $3 billion of customer investment. Additionally, there are over 500 projects currently in an industrial pipeline, we are excited to work with these customers and provide them with efficient and reliable rail service that will enable them to grow their business for years, while creating significant long-term value for CSX shareholders.

Most recently VinFast, the electric vehicle subsidiary of the large Asian conglomerate Group announced that they will build a $4 billion electric vehicle assembly plant and battery manufacturing facility served exclusively by CSX. The team is proud to be part of North Carolina’s first car plant and the largest economic development announcement in the state’s history. This announcement is an excellent example of the kind of customer solutions that the team can deliver as sales and marketing works closely with operators. The team is working diligently and direct even more customers to CSX through our select site program. CSX select sites feature nearly 10,000 acres, a premium certified rail served sites to full scale industrial development and expansion. We are working to add even more sites to this program in 2022.

I will now pass it on the Jamie to discuss our operations.

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Thanks, Kevin. The safety of our operations will always be our first priority. Our concern for all of our employees, customers and the communities in which we live and operate drives us to make sure that we maintain the demanding standards of our safety focused culture. The results that you see on Slide 7 show this clearly. Over the first quarter, we saw sequential and year-over-year improvements in the number of injuries and train accidents which brought the frequency rates to a near record low levels for the first quarter. We are happy to see this improvement. We continue to push forward with the initiatives that we described to you last quarter, actively coaching safety awareness among our employees, encouraging best practice sharing across teams and expanding our application of technology. And we put a very strong emphasis on our efforts with our new hires to ensure that they respect and demonstrate the principles that make CSX an industry safety leader.

Moving on to Slide 8. For the last several quarters, you’ve heard us discuss the efforts we’re making to address our staffing levels. This is a critical point, because our networks, capacity and fluidity will improve when we have enough train conductors and engineers. When we have these resources, it lifts our service performance in the near term, while also ensuring that we’re ready to meet the substantial demand growth we anticipate in the years ahead. This slide also shows several important positive train and engine employee trends that reflect the hard work done by our recruiting and training teams. We’ve made great progress here. And importantly, we’re set up to build on the momentum we’ve created. First, you can see the strong ramp up in the number of T&E employees we have in our training program. We averaged over 500 daily employees in training over the first quarter, which is over 5 times where we were a year ago. We expect to keep our training classes full to make sure that our pipeline remains healthy.

Second, we successfully increased our run rate of conductors who are completing their training and marking up into the active T&E population. We now have roughly 100 employees marking up each month who are ready to haul freight, generate revenue and we expect this pace to continue. In the last chart, you can see the pay-off. Return the corner and we’re now adding to our active T&E count month-over-month. We’ve said it again and again, our aim is to grow this railroad, to that we need to bring good people in, train them the right way and deliver on service. It takes time, but this is exactly what we’re doing.

Now let’s turn to Slide 7, which gives us a picture on where our operations stand today. This quarter started off with several key challenges. The Omicron wave was hitting our employees where the incident at our Curtis Bay facility and the East Coast suffered under severe weather in early February. So for the full quarter, our key metrics of Trip Plan Compliance, Terminal car dwell and velocity were generally flat to slightly worse on a sequential basis. That said, as Jim highlighted in his remarks, early into the second quarter, we’re seeing encouraging signs that these metrics are starting to move in the right direction. It’s clearly too quick to call the bottom with certainty, but with the success of our hiring initiatives and a continued drive for discipline and consistency in the field, we see reasons to be optimistic.

Consistent with the last quarter, we have made tactical decision to keep additional locomotives active in the near term to help network balance, while we remain short of employees in certain regions. As we successfully promote our new conductors, we will be focused on improving our asset utilization and driving efficiency as the additional crew resources facilitate higher volumes and improve service and reliability. As always, the key will be strong execution. And I’m excited at the level of higher engagement and enthusiasm that our operating team is bringing to this challenge. I’m looking forward to showing what we can do over this next quarter, the rest of the year and the years to come.

I will now hand it over to Sean to review the financial results.

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Jamie and good afternoon. Our focus is on profitable growth and despite the challenges we faced in the quarter, we delivered $600 million of revenue gains, with operating income up 16%. Interest expense and other income were a combined $11 million favorable and the effective tax rate for the quarter was 23.9%. Earnings per share of $0.39 reflects growth in core earnings as well as the impact of our ongoing share repurchase program.

Turning to the next slide. Total costs increased $419 million or 24% in the quarter, but were in line with our expectations outside of the spike in fuel price. The acquisition of Quality Carriers represented approximately $215 million of expense. Higher fuel prices were also a significant factor, up about $110 million versus last year. All other expenses increased approximately $95 million, driven by inflation as well as ongoing costs related to supply chain congestion and network fluidity.

Turning to specific line items, labor and fringe expense increased $72 million or 12% in the quarter. We invested $10 million more to on-board new train and engine employees and we expect similar training costs next quarter as we continue to convert our strong new hire pipeline. Quality Carriers drove about $35 million in additional labor expense. Incentive compensation increased $6 million, while inflation and other impacts drove just over $20 million of higher costs. Purchase services and other expense increased $203 million or 43% in the quarter. Quality Carriers represented approximately $140 million of PS&O expense. Cost incurred to maintain terminal and network fluidity added roughly $45 million of expense in the quarter, similar to last quarter’s impact. These costs are likely to persist into the second quarter and we expect to see improvement in the back half of the year corresponding to labor and supply chain normalization. Additionally, legacy environmental reserve adjustment drove $17 million of higher expense in the quarter. Depreciation and amortization was up $15 million or 4% on a higher asset base that also includes the Quality impact. Finally, fuel expense increased $141 million or 74%, reflecting a steep increase in highway diesel fuel prices as well as the addition of non-locomotive fuel used for trucking. The rapid rise in fuel prices created approximately $45 million of fuel lag in the quarter.

And lastly the company recognized $27 million of real estate gains in the quarter, including $20 million related to the Virginia transaction. As a reminder, we expect to recognize a $120 million Virginia gain in the second quarter and receive the final $125 million cash payment in the fourth quarter.

Now turning to cash flow on Slide 12. Free cash flow before dividends increased on higher earnings to $976 million. Our highest priority use of cash is investing for the long-term reliability and growth of our railroad. After fully funding these capital projects, first quarter shareholder returns exceeded $1.2 billion, including approximately $1 billion in buybacks and over $200 million in dividends. Looking forward, we will remain balanced and opportunistic in our buyback approach as we continue to return excess cash to our shareholders.

Finally, we are excited to close the Pan Am deal on June 1. Pan Am will contribute about 1 point of annualized revenue, primarily within merchandise. Due to transaction and integration costs Pan Am will have a negligible impact on earnings this year and the capital we expect to invest to upgrade the Pan Am network is already contemplated in our guidance. We look forward to working with Pan Am and its customers to drive continued growth through our integrated rail network.

With that let me turn it back to Jim for his closing remarks.

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Okay, so let’s conclude with our outlook for the year as shown on Slide 13. We continue to benefit from strong markets and ample customer demand and we are adding employees the needs that our network can capture more of the business opportunities that are right in front of us. At the same time we are of course keeping a close eye on inflation, interest rates and the Fed. With support from higher coal prices and a supportive market environment, we feel comfortable projecting double-digit growth for both revenue and operating income for the full year. In the near term, we expect to continue to benefit from elevated export coal prices and higher fuel surcharge revenues.

Full year capex is planned at approximately $2 billion, which is also unchanged. We have made progress since the beginning of the year and we still have a lot of work to do, but we are committed to supporting our customers by providing them with reliable, efficient, cost effective rail solutions for their changing transportation needs, by adding the necessary resources and lifting our service levels, we will be well positioned for years of profitable growth.

Thanks and I’ll turn it back to Matthew.

Matthew Korn — Investor Relations

Thank you, Jim. Now, in the interest of time, I’d ask that everyone please limit yourselves to just one question. And with that, Emma, we will now be happy to take questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Your first question today comes from the line of Jon Chappell with Evercore. Your line is now open.

Jon Chappell — Evercore — Analyst

Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Jamie, you spent a fair amount of time talking about the important labor aspects and what — in your optimism about what that will mean for service. Is it just a function of getting the people trained and in the right spots or are there any other challenges that you’re seeing that relates to service reliability? These are things that you can control yourselves or things outside of your control like customers turning over equipment more quickly and how do you think that all of that translates into the important service metrics like velocity dwell and cars online in the next couple of quarters?

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Well good evening or good afternoon Jon. For us it’s purely comes down to hiring numbers and getting more T&E folks where we need them. Kevin and I, work really close with our customers to do everything we can to support those needs of our customers and our customers are working with us in different areas with different solutions as we look at how we can turn cars quicker, whether it comes down to block loading by destination and other items that we’ve been working on for years and continuing to work with our customers that way. So we don’t have to handle cars as much, but definitely when we are looking at that pure number with respect to our trainees out there, we talked about having 500, over 500 trainings out there right now. We’ve qualified up to 400 already this year since the start of the year. So we’ve come a long way in that area and we continue to pull whatever levers we can with respect to the design, if there is cars we can move in different corridors that make more sense where our crew base has gotten healthier we’re doing that. But really as we continue to push forward here, the common theme that we know it will get our railroad back to where we need to is just continuing to train conductors.

Jon Chappell — Evercore — Analyst

Got it. Thanks, Jamie.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Brandon Oglenski with Barclays. Your line is now open.

Brandon Oglenski — Barclays — Analyst

Hey, good afternoon and thank you for taking my question. I guess if we go back to last quarter, you guys were, I think the only guidance you provided was like volume above GDP, but now it seems you have some confidence to guide to double-digit op income and revenue growth. Can you just talk to maybe the increased confidence as you’ve gone through the year here and what’s driving that guidance now?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes, Brandon, look, there is a lot of moving parts. Obviously we want to get confidence and the hiring trajectory and Jamie spoke to that we are seeing good momentum as we get into April and we’ll move to the rest of the quarter. Obviously, some other factors have occurred. You’ve seen the export coal market remain really, really strong here and supportive and we had assumed probably that market would tail-off a little bit sooner than what is expected now. Also fuel surcharge has been a bigger factor going forward as well as oil prices have obviously moved up dramatically here with the Ukraine crisis going on. But a number of factors going. We still see strong demand from all of our markets and we have confidence that we’re going to begin to capture more and more of that as we — as fluidity picks up through the network.

Brandon Oglenski — Barclays — Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Justin Long with Stephens. Your line is now open.

Justin Long — Stephens Inc — Analyst

Thanks. And I guess to start with a follow-up on that last question, does the guidance still assume that volumes outpace GDP this year and then is there any color you can give on the OR excluding the Virginia real estate sale that’s embedded in that assumption for double-digit operating income growth?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes, I’ll cover the first one. Look that’s been our target. We want to outgrow the economy. There’s a lot of moving parts as you know, the auto business — automotive business is going to be a big factor as we get into the second half in that business, production needs to recover there to really hit those GDP plus target. So that’s one market to look at. Coal as well we see strong demand there, but we’ll be watching that going forward. And then the intermodal market, particularly on the domestic side, we’re assuming chassis and other drayage capacity comes back into the market and that will drive some incremental growth for us as well. So there’s a few moving parts, but that’s always our target and that’s why we came out at the beginning of the year as we expect to exceed GDP volume growth, but realizing that there is a number of new moving parts going on right now.

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

And Justin, this is Sean. Just to add on, with the OR question. I think it’s, as we’ve always said, we expect the incremental margins on the growth to be very strong and very healthy and that will be supportive in terms of the OR for the year, but there are some things to keep in mind that will be offsets obviously the Quality impact which will have the full impact of it in the first half of the year, given that the acquisition occurred in Q3 of last year. Higher fuel prices are essentially neutral to op income, but they do have a negative impact on the operating ratio as well. And then obviously intermodal storage as things normalize that will have an impact on the OR particularly in the second half of the year, given that the storage revenues were quite elevated in the second half of last year.

Justin Long — Stephens Inc — Analyst

Okay, I’ll leave it there. I appreciate the time.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Chris Wetherbee with Citigroup. Your line is now open.

Chris Wetherbee — Citigroup — Analyst

Hey, great, thanks and good afternoon. I guess I wanted to come back a little bit to the sort of bigger picture freight demand comments you made earlier in the call Jim, just maybe if you could talk a little bit about what you are seeing either on the consumer or the industrial side? We can kind of see what’s happening on the commodity side, but maybe those two end markets and then maybe just sort of weave that into the market share potential opportunity, congestion has probably kept some business off the rail and on other modes of transportation. How does that factor in? So I guess generally speaking, do you see a slowdown in consumer-driven freight and is there enough upside potential on industrial commodity to offset that?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, I think we’ve been going through since really the middle of 2018, divergence between the consumer economy and the industrial economy, whether it was driven by going back to the tariff issues that began to create concern amongst the industrial producers and at the same time you add a consumer economy that was going gangbusters and that kind of carry forward into the pandemic year let’s call it the plague years of ’20 and ’21 and industrial really got hammered especially and still — there is still lingering effects from that, look at the automotive sector and the consumer economy were not so now, I think you’re starting to see those two divergent economies come back more in line and industrial demand is very good.

I think it’s clear in our comments we have not met the demand and as the railroad — on the industrial side and in the bulk side of the business, we’ve done a, I think we’ve done an amazing job in handling the consumer side of the business in the intermodal sector throughout the last couple of years. So demand is there as the railroad begins to continue to improve as we go forward, we see a lot of opportunity and there could be changes but there are — obviously there are going to be changes in various supply chains, whether it’s import-export grain, whether it’s continued demand for US coal, steel, plastics, chemicals you name it, everything is going to be moving around a little bit. But we see all of these sectors being — assuming everything in the world stays relatively same where we are today, if you’re going on to call the sanity, a great environment for us to excel and the only reason we haven’t achieved it in the last — nine months ago, I said the numbers that we’re talking about today in terms of where we would be with the hiring that’s where we thought we’d be nine months ago. The extremely tight labor market and the higher somewhat higher attrition rates that we went through have held us back and so we figured it out. We’ve done everything we could possibly do to take advantage of the situation. And I think the economy on both — especially so on the industrial side of the economy where traditionally railroads have excelled looks favorable as we look forward.

Chris Wetherbee — Citigroup — Analyst

Okay, that’s helpful. Appreciate it. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Tom Wadewitz with UBS. Your line is now open.

Mike Tran — UBS — Analyst

Hi, thanks. This is Mike Tran on for Tom. So you’ve made really good progress on adding the T&E employees. Is there — I mean, do you have an idea which point this year you think you’re going to be all kind of shoot up from a T&E crew perspective and also is there a way to quantify how much volume you’ve left on the table because in the crew constraints, they will be able to capture once you’re kind of fully trued up on cruise?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, in terms of what we left behind, I’ll use the term that Tom uses often lots and I’ll leave it at that. In terms of where we’re going to be from a timing standpoint, where we’ll get, but I’ll say what Jamie mentioned earlier, we’re going to continue to hire. We’re going to manage this employee pipeline differently than we have in the past. We’re going to make sure that lessons learned here and we’re going to make sure that this doesn’t happen to us again. And so that’s why we are doing everything we can from an employee relations standpoint to work closely with our employees, because they are critical and key to what we want to do here and that is provide a reliable truck like product across all over — truck like reliability to all of our customers, because that’s the key to the future for the company’s growth. Jamie, do you want to add any color about timing.

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Our timing is we’re really shooting in towards the third quarter, as we push the number of employees we have training right now. If those qualify and we continue to do our hiring of 30 to 40 every single week, puts us in a good position at some point in the third quarter, it might be towards the tail end of the third quarter. And then — and to Jim’s point, we continue to hire for attrition as attrition moves forward. We’ve seen attrition climb up and we got to make sure that we stay ahead of that throughout this year and then into next year and we’ve got many different programs that we want to continue to train locomotive engineers and other pieces. So we’re not going to be stopping at any point in time here soon. But we feel pretty confident as long as the world doesn’t throw us some type of a curve ball again, Q3 is going to be much better quarter for us.

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Just, yes, and a little more color on that, it is easy for us to manage down. We have an attrition rate of around 7%. So we’re not concerned with getting fat, because we can always manage down what we have learned over the last year, year and a half is it is extremely difficult, it is a completely different environment to try and add to the workforce. So we just have to look at it a little differently. That doesn’t mean we’re going to get fat and happy and have a bunch of employees that we don’t need, that means we’re going to manage the workforce differently, make sure with the ebbs and flows of this business, which is always the case, but we do it in a more — in a different manner. So we don’t get cut short like we just did.

Mike Tran — UBS — Analyst

Thanks, Jim. Thanks Jamie. Appreciate it.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Scott Group with Wolfe Research. Your line is now open.

Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst

Hey, thanks, good afternoon. So I want to maybe think about the back half of the year, it sounds like that’s when you think you’ll have the headcount where you want it to be and the network where you want it to be. Do you still think that you’ll have volume growth in excess of headcount in the back half of the year and then maybe, Sean, how much is — how much are you spending in 1Q and 2Q on hiring and network inefficiencies that maybe potentially starts to go away in the back half of the year?

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes, Scott, to your first part of your question, I mean remember we’re — with all we’re doing in hiring, we’re netting up roughly 1% a quarter on a sequential basis. So that will be cumulative impact of that is a couple of percent year-over-year in headcount by the time we get to the second half of the year and I think we ought to be able to grow in excess of that. We’ve got capacity on trains and in the network. We’ve got locomotives to move the freight. So we should be able to outpace in terms of growth. And then in terms of your question on the cost side, those training costs are — it’s up $10 million versus last year. So call it roughly $15 million a quarter that we’re spending on training, right now. I don’t see that going away like Jim just said, we’re going to continue to hire. So that’s probably pretty ratable across the balance of the year. The piece that is probably more variable is the $45 million or so that we mentioned in purchase services and others, most of which is really related to supply chain congestion, whether it’d be cost related to intermodal container yards and terminal labor, outsource labor or whether it be related to having more locomotives than we would otherwise need the network we’re running faster. There is also an impact to rents. So, think about it in terms of that roughly $45 million as the opportunity to kind of get back to where we were, once we get this thing spinning.

Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst

Okay. And if I can just sneak in one more quickly for Kevin. The coal RPU is this — are we seeing the full benefit at this point of the net prices and everything, or is there one more potential leg up here?

Kevin Boone — Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing

No, I think this is largely, some of our — on the met side, some of the contracts are capped. So they don’t fully participate in these extreme prices. So this is probably a good run rate assuming the prices stay at the current levels they are today.

Scott Group — Wolfe Research — Analyst

Thank you, guys. Appreciate it.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Brian Ossenbeck with JPMorgan Chase. Your line is now open.

Brian Ossenbeck — JPMorgan Chase — Analyst

Good afternoon, and thanks for taking the question. Just coming back to labor and Jim, maybe if you can elaborate on how you expect to manage the workforce a bit differently. I know it’s challenging especially right now to manage everything, all the different moving parts, but is this more technology, are these different types of rules that you expect to put into place. And on that line if you got the $600 incentive up to $600 incentives that you announced yesterday, do you feel like you’ve done everything you can at this point to really get the people where you need and the amount you need them in place?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, I think anybody that’s followed the railroad business for a long time, like you have and everybody else on the call knows that the relationships between the railroads and the union workforce is not necessarily been one of mutual admiration. And we need to fix that and we are working extremely hard, and throughout this process, we have — I mean these guys were out there for two years in the middle of a pandemic working every single day and night in an operating environment caused by surges in traffic and you name it. And at the same time didn’t get a raise. That’s wrong in my opinion. And that’s why we decided to do something about it unilaterally without asking for some kind of get back in the labor agreement, we just thought it was the right thing to do. And so we made the offer and that’s a change. It’s not technology, it’s relationship building with your unionized workforce and we need to change that and we’re going to — we’re dedicated to changing that. It is an ongoing long-term process but CSX is committed to trying to do everything we can possibly do to change decades if not centuries of the — of somewhat dysfunctional relationship with our human workforce, that’s the key and that’s what this is all about.

Brian Ossenbeck — JPMorgan Chase — Analyst

All right, thank you, Jim.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Ken Hoexter with Bank of America. Your line is now open.

Ken Hoexter — Bank of America — Analyst

Hey, great. Good afternoon. So you gave the double-digit operating income targets and the cost. I just want understand what’s built in for the timing of the fluidity, is that just simply the second half? And in the past we’ve seen I guess rails throw a lot of assets to get the fluidity moving. Is that something you — we need to do to get things moving aside from the employees? And then I guess to follow that Jim, into next week hearing as to what you’re doing to fix the service, is just the focus here, the key on employees or again is there equipment need or anything to kind of throw at these backlogs to get the fluidity moving up the rail network? Thanks.

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

So we are not short of locomotives. We are not short of any physical infrastructure in order to be able to perform and we continue to still have excess capacity across the railroad. There is one thing and one thing only that we are short of that is hampering us from doing the job that we want to do and to get back to the service levels where we were in 2019 and to get even better from that point on is we need more people in the engineer and conductor ranks. That’s it. We don’t need them anywhere else in the organization. We don’t need more management people. We don’t need a lot — we don’t need more people fixing the track to lay [Phonetic] rail, they are doing a great job out there. We need more engineers and conductors and that’s it, and that’s what we’re dedicated to do, and that is why we will continue to focus on these numbers. And it is a lengthy process from the time we finally get someone, it is an extremely lengthy process from the time we start looking for somebody that in this day and age might want to be a railroad conductor until the time they have gone through the classroom.

First of all, the pre-employment screening, then by the time they go through the month or more of classroom instruction and then six months on the job training and then we have to make sure at that point in time, they are equipped and ready to go out and work in a railroad operating environment and not get hurt and not hurt somebody else. It’s a long, long process and that’s why it has taken so long, as I said earlier, nine months longer because of the front end of the process was not — went away from us. The pipeline of normal candidate that might wanted — usually wanted to work in the railroad business, they don’t want to go to work. They wanted to stay home, they wanted to do something else.

And so we’ve had to revamp, work extremely hard and now we are beginning to realize the benefits of all that hard work, and it’s going to be month after month after month after month with these employees are then qualified, they actually go out and start performing work and as the year goes on, on a month-to-month-to-month basis, we will see continued improvements in fluidity and increases in the speed of the network. When the net — so you’ve got a compounding effect. You are short of employees and you can’t run the trains, so the network slows down. When the network slows down, you need more people. So we need to get the railroad back staffed, so that we can get the velocity and dwell down to where it was, that will then rightsize our workforce to what we need and then we can more effectively manage it with the view that Kevin and his team provide us about where the opportunity is. Listen, they’re not — Kevin and his team are not shy about telling us on a regular basis where they see opportunity, it’s out there. And we want to get it and we want to move it because that’s what we do and make a lot of money doing it.

Ken Hoexter — Bank of America — Analyst

And just to clarify there, the timing for the fluidity returned is that by the third quarter year end?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Well I would hope. Again, I hate to give projections, because I was already off by nine months on the last one. Yes, you will see Mr. Boychuk always gets nervous when I start making projections. I wonder railroad is going to start running better. The railroad will start running better in this quarter and it will get better in the third quarter and it will get better in the fourth quarter and the operating performance of the company I hope then will continue to get better and better and better and better all the time. 2019 was not nirvana. 2019 is the base camp we want to get back to where we were which was record level of performance, but there was not where we were satisfied being the way we wanted to run the company and run the railroad. We wanted to get even better from there. And we hopefully will be able to do that. But it’s going to be a gradual improvement as we go through the remainder of this year.

Ken Hoexter — Bank of America — Analyst

Jim and team, I appreciate the time. Thanks.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Walter Spracklin with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open.

Walter Spracklin — RBC Capital Markets — Analyst

Thanks very much, operator. Good afternoon, everyone. I just want to ask a little bit on yields and there’s a lot of moving parts there with fuel surcharges and accessorial charges. Just curious how you would point investors to how your yield might develop over on a year-over-year basis going forward, particularly if we were to assume fuel prices remain constant. Are we going to see yields come down as some of these accessorial charges come off as fluidity improves and therefore should we be more looking at negative yield as opposed to our natural inclination in the rail sector to see pricing levels generally move higher. Could we see some noise in the near term as a result of some of the rollover of — as you’re fluidity improves and some of those charges come off?

Kevin Boone — Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing

Hey, this is Kevin. I — when you look at what’s happening right now. Certainly I think Sean spoke to it, we would expect some of the storage fees and those things that come down to more normalized level. But that’s a good thing. That means that supply chain is becoming more fluid. I mean we’re moving more freight with the rail network that’s exactly what we want to happen. And so from that perspective, that’s all good. When we looked at where we are today versus where we were last quarter when we had this call, inflation is gone up even more. And we’re having to have those conversations with our customer. We reprice about 50% to 60% of our business every year. And we’re having those conversations, because our customers are having those conversations with their customers. And so that’s the environment we’re in and so there is a bit of a lag when you think about pricing and realization of that we’re — have to realize through the year and we fully expect that those things will start to deliver as we move through the year.

Walter Spracklin — RBC Capital Markets — Analyst

That’s great color. Appreciate it. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Fadi Chamoun with BMO Capital Markets. Your line is now open.

Fadi Chamoun — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst

Hey, thank you. Maybe the question is to Kevin. I think you mentioned in your remarks something about the supply chain change that we’re experiencing now and maybe trade flows and you mentioned that you see an opportunity for CSX’s network and specifically at the port, wondering if you can elaborate a little bit on that? And the second kind of point attached to that is, what do you would like to accomplish with the Pan Am specifically in terms of commercial? What carriers of traffic you think you have commercial opportunities to go after as you close on that transaction?

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Sure. In terms of trade flows, what I was referring to there is, probably two issues. One I touched on the second slide that I covered we’re seeing a lot more activity in terms of industrial re-shoring, more appetite for companies look at their supply chain and quite frankly, supply chain resiliency is a competitive advantage. Now and companies are re-evaluating, do I want my production in Asia or do I wanted to overseas or would it be more appropriate to have an onshore closer to the consumers that are going to be buying the products and I’m hopeful and we’re seeing early signs, that’s the case that they’re making those decisions and spending capital behind it.

The second one, and this is extremely early and we’re having a lot of conversations with customers and Jim talked about this a little bit is, when you think about things like grain, which have largely huge amounts of supply of come out of the Ukraine and Russia and the Europe and other commodities and steel products and other things that are largely gone in the European market. Well all of a sudden doesn’t look like that’s going to happen and some of those things that we had traditionally moved out of the West Coast to supply Asia. Now, maybe that’s going to come out of the East Coast and benefit the ports that we serve. And again it’s really, really early. We have to have conversations, we have to make sure that the capabilities are there to be able to deliver those products when that demand happens. So we’re staying very, very close to the customer. Understanding what could potentially move from the West Coast potentially into the East Coast and working with them in being really dynamic in terms of how we think about it. That’s what I’m thinking about and we’re looking at everything that’s going out the ports today and how that could change over the next few months and it’s probably, it’s not a next month phenomenon, it’s probably six, nine, 12 months from now, we’re going to really start to see some impact if it happens.

Fadi Chamoun — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst

Okay. And…

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

And then I think on the Pan Am…

Fadi Chamoun — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst

Yes.

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Sorry. You want me to cover Pan Am?

Fadi Chamoun — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst

Yes, please.

Jamie Boychuk — Executive Vice President, Operations

Yes and then on Pan Am, look, it’s a very good consumer market. There is a lot of paper packaging customers that want more access to markets that we serve. The waste business in that market is going to continue to grow. We see great opportunities there. And we think with a better rail service, that’s going to open up many more markets that quite frankly, just from a transit time or reliability standpoint just we were unable to serve previously. So we’re really excited. We’re gearing up now that the approval has gone through and going to work closely to really capture those opportunities.

Fadi Chamoun — BMO Capital Markets — Analyst

Okay, thanks. I appreciate it.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of David Vernon with Bernstein. Your line is now open.

David Vernon — Bernstein — Analyst

Hey, good afternoon guys. I have a question for you on the appetite to grow sort of the intermodal business generally. I mean I think trimming some of the intermodal network as part of PSR was the first step and we are obviously dealing with some of these service issues, but I’m curious to get your help on reconciling kind of where market rates are, how attractive the margin that growth could be and what do you make of the third-party industry sort of adding something like 50,000 boxes to the fleet this year and coming out with a even bigger number for the next couple of years. I mean, is this a market that you guys really want to lever into or are you going to remain a little bit more balanced between intermodal and merchandise growth? I’m just trying to square the circle with what we’re seeing in the container order book for the domestic players and your appetite to actually accommodate some of that growth?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, I think we’re leading the industry in intermodal growth. So it is not in terms of volume, I think if not this year, next year for sure. In terms of volume, intermodal is going to be our biggest piece of business. That being said, so we want to — we spent a lot of time and effort in 2017 and 2018 in re-engineering the way the intermodal network operated for reasons, so that we could have a good return on that business when we began to focus more intently on working in the key lanes where it makes sense for us to grow. We’re beginning to I think have a better understanding of leveraging the East Coast ports, which have gone through a dramatic transformation in terms of growth versus the West Coast and the much greater opportunity to expand that footprint in the East than they do in the West. And we’re also working more and more and more at how we can participate in the Mexican intermodal market, which to-date we do basically nothing in. So whether it’s international or domestic, the more players put asset towards the intermodal market, the more these markets further develop, we see great potential for us to continue to grow our intermodal franchise. That’s not to say that we are in any way shape or form favoring that over the merchandise business. The merchandise business is a core part of our franchise. So, we intend to grow both of these businesses. We see both of them as equal opportunity. Any business has a divergent book of business. And so we don’t — we will going to most as exciting areas of opportunity.

David Vernon — Bernstein — Analyst

And maybe just a quick follow-up, as you think about — do you look into add boxes to that, are you going to let the third-party sort of private fleet handle the investment in the actual boxes?

James M. Foote — President and Chief Executive Officer

Again that’s a different book of business. Personally I’m more in favor of us being more involved on an asset ownership basis because we see great opportunity there for potential and whether it’s UMAX or whether it’s every place else, I don’t like the model where 95% of the work and get 75% of the money. So to the extent that we can turn some of this business around and make it more favorable to our bottom line, I can guarantee you that any kind of an investment in asset in that area would have a great return.

David Vernon — Bernstein — Analyst

Thanks very much.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Cherilyn Radbourne with TD Securities. Your line is now open.

Cherilyn Radbourne — TD Securities — Analyst

Thanks very much. Good afternoon. In terms of the outlook for coal, you had touched on [Indecipherable] already, but I wonder if you could comment on what you think the prospect is for increased coal volume this year and within that, could you touch on whether it’s primarily export coal that has influenced your outlook on both domestic and export?

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes I think when you look at some of the discrete items that I pointed out in the first quarter. We think some of those obviously are going to go away as we get through the year and then Jamie talked a lot about the additional resources we’re adding and I think there are opportunities as the mines reinvest and they’re making a lot of money right now and that allows them to reinvest in probably some deferred capital that they’ve had over the years. You would see some, probably some better production coming out of those as well. So all else equal, if the market stays strong, we would anticipate some volume upside through the year.

Cherilyn Radbourne — TD Securities — Analyst

And is it primarily export coal that’s influence your outlook or is that…

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

No, no, when you look at Southern utilities, oh, sorry. Yes, I didn’t address that when you look at our Southern utilities and even our Northern Utilities right now they’re at low levels, and so there is a inventory replenishment that needs to happen that we’re working diligently on and working closely with them and with the mines to make sure that happens into the summer peak season. And then on the export side matters, then obviously very, very robust in terms of the demand. You’re now seeing some, probably some thermal opportunities with supply not there coming out of Russia and so we’ll see how that materializes. Right now, it’s not a lack of demand, it’s a supply constrained market and you’ve seen the coal producers probably favor that export met business rather than the thermal business and Curtis Bay, you’ll see that. Jamie, just remind me that will come on in the third quarter and I will offer some additional opportunity as that comes back on the full capacity.

Cherilyn Radbourne — TD Securities — Analyst

Thank you for the time.

Operator

Your last question today comes from the line of Jordan Alliger with Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.

Jordan Alliger — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Yes, hi. Good afternoon. Just curious on the auto sector. If you give a little color around that. What you’re hearing from the OEMs. Maybe we have the parts business is doing and any update on the chip situation? Thanks.

Sean Pelkey — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. We certainly saw some improvement in the March and that’s continued into April, when we started shipping cars without chips, I guess that helps. So some of that inventory that was sitting on the ground, waiting for chip to come in they just decided to go ahead and ship it in maybe you don’t have a sea warmer right now, but you’ll get it in maybe in six months from now. But, so that we seeing a lot more finished good inventory on the ground and we’re ramping up to deliver those products in the market. So that’s — but we’ll see what some of the impacts in China with some of the disruption there having over there with them. The variant running through there and Shanghai shutting down some other areas, so it’s a watch item, but we’re seeing some favorability at least in the near term.

Jordan Alliger — Goldman Sachs — Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

[Operator Closing Remarks]